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NPS ARCHIVE 1997,CC? HURON, M. NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California THESIS THE ARMY TACTICAL COMMAND AND CONTROL SYSTEM by Mark A. Huron June, 1997 Principal Advisor: Donald van Z. Wadsworth Associate Advisor: John H. Gibson Thesis Approved for Public Release; distribution is unlimited. H95716 DUDLEYKNOXLIBRARY POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL NAVAL MC :y CA 93WS5101 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form ApprovedOMB No. 0704- Publicreportingburden forthis collection ofinformation isestimatedto average 1 hourperresponse, includingthetime for reviewing instruction, searchingexistingdatasources, gatheringand maintainingthedataneeded, and completingandreviewing thecollection ofinformation. Send comments regardingthis burden estimateoranyotheraspectofthis collection ofinformation, including suggestions forreducingthis burden,to Washington Headquarters Services, DirectorateforInformationOperations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, andtotheOfficeofManagementand Budget, PaperworkReductionProject(0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. AGENCYUSEONLY(Leaveblank) REPORTDATE REPORTTYPEANDDATESCOVERED June 1997 Master's Thesis TITLEANDSUBTITLE THEARMY TACTICAL COMMAND AND CONTROL 5. FUNDINGNUMBERS SYSTEM 6. AUTHOR(S)MarkA. Huron 7. PERFORMINGORGANIZATIONNAME(S)ANDADDRESS(ES) PERFORMINGORGANIZATION Naval Postgraduate School REPORTNUMBER Monterey CA 93943-5000 SPONSORING/MONITORINGAGENCYNAME(S)ANDADDRESSEES) 10. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCYREPORTNUMBER 11. SUPPLEMENTARYNOTES The views expressed inthisthesis arethose ofthe authorand do notreflectthe official policy orposition ofthe DepartmentofDefense orthe U.S. Government. 12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITYSTATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTIONCODE Approved forpublic release; distribution is unlimited. 13. ABSTRACT(maximum200words) ThisthesisisasummaryofthecapabilitiesoftheArmyTacticalCommandandControl System(ATCCS)andtheguiding Command, Control, Communications, ComputersandIntelligence(C4I) documents asthey applytothe ATCCS. Itspurpose istostrengthentheknowledgebase ofArmy officers enteringtheJoint C4I curriculum byprovidingasummary ofJoint and C Army doctrine andguidance as itapplies to ATCCS. ATCCS istheArmy'sprimaryCommandandControl(C2)system atechelonscorpsandbelow. ATCCS consistsoffive smallersystems, eachaBattlefieldFunctional AreaControl System (BFACS) controlling seven Battlefield Functional Areas (BFA). The five BFACS are: the Maneuver Control System (MCS), the Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System (AFATDS), the Forward Area Air Defense Command, Control and Intelligence System (FAAD C2I), the Combat Service Support Control System (CSSCS), andthe All SourceAnalysis System (ASAS). A clearstrategyforthe functionaldesignofATCCS is supportedbythreedocuments. Relatedto and supportiveofeach other, the three documents are: Joint Pub 6-0, Doctrine for Command, Control, Communications and Computer Systems SupporttoJointOperations; TheArmyEnterprise StrategyconsistingofTheVision andThe Implementation Plan; andArmy Field Manual 100-5, Operations. This thesis draws threads ofcontinuity fromjoint doctrine through Army guidance into implementation in ATCCS. 14. SUBJECTTERMS Joint Command, Control, Communications, Computers and Intelligence 15. NUMBEROFPAGES 114 (C4I), Command and Control (C2), The Army Tactical Commandand Control System (ATCCS). 16. PRICECODE 17. SECURITYCLASSIFICA- SECURITYCLASSIFICATION 19. SECURITYCLASSIFICA- 20. LIMITATIONOF TIONOFREPORT OFTHISPAGE TIONOFABSTRACT ABSTRACT Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified UL NSN 7540-01-280-5500 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89) Prescribedby ANSI Std. 239-18 298-102 11 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. THE ARMY TACTICAL COMMAND AND CONTROL SYSTEM Mark A. Huron Major, United States Army A&M B.S., Texas University, 1984 Submitted in partial fulfillment ofthe requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY from the NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL June 1997 DUDLEYKNOXLIBRARY NAVALPOSTGRADUATESCHOOL MONTEREY CA 93943-5101 ABSTRACT This thesis is a summary ofthe capabilities ofthe Army Tactical Command and Control System (ATCCS) and the guiding Command, Control, Communications, Computers and Intelligence (C4I) documents as they apply to the ATCCS. Its purpose is to strengthen the knowledge base ofArmy officers entering the Joint C4I curriculumby providing a summary ofJoint and Army C4 doctrine and guidance as it applies to ATCCS. ATCCS istheArmy'sprimary Commandand Control (C2) systematechelons corpsand below. ATCCS consists offive smaller systems, each aBattlefield Functional Area Control System (BFACS) controlling seven Battlefield Functional Areas (BFA). The five BFACS are: the Maneuver Control System (MCS), the Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System (AFATDS), the Forward Area Air Defense Command, Control and Intelligence System (FAAD C2I), the Combat Service Support Control System (CSSCS), and the All Source Analysis System (ASAS). A clear strategy for the functional design ofATCCS is supported by three documents. Related to and supportive ofeach other, the three documents are: Joint Pub 6-0, Doctrine for Command, Control, Communications and Computer Systems Support to Joint Operations; The Army Enterprise Strategy consisting ofThe Vision and The Implementation Plan; and Army Field Manual 100-5, Operations. This thesis draws threads ofcontinuity fromjoint doctrine through Army guidance into implementation in ATCCS. VI 8 . TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION I. 1 BACKGROUND A. 1 PURPOSE B. 1 COMMAND AND CONTROL C. 2 1 The Lawson Loop 3 a. Sense 3 b. Process 4 c. Compare 5 d. Decide 5 e. Act 5 CHAPTER ORGANIZATION D. 6 SUMMARY E. 7 II. JOINT PUB 6-0, DOCTRINE FOR COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS, AND COMPUTER (C4 SYSTEMS SUPPORT TO JOINT OPERATIONS 9 ) A. WHAT IS DOCTRINE? 9 B. JOINT PUB 6-0 10 1. The Role ofC4 Systems 11 2. Objectives and Components ofC4 Systems 13 a. Produce Unity ofEffort 15 b. Exploit Total Force Capabilities 15 c. ProperlyPosition CriticalInformation 16 d. Information Fusion 1 3. The Basic C4 System Principles 18 a. Interoperable 19 b. Flexible 20 c. Responsive 20 d. Mobile 21 e. Disciplined 21 / Survivable 21 g. Sustainable 22 SUMMARY C. 22 vn .. III. THE ARMY ENTERPRISE STRATEGY 25 FOREWORD A. 25 B. THE ARMY ENTERPRISE VISION 25 The Purpose 27 1 2. The Threat 28 3. The Principles ofThe Army Enterprise Strategy 28 a. Focus on the Warfighter 29 b. Ensure JointInteroperability 31 c. Digitize The Battlefield 32 d. Capitalize on Space BasedSystems 33 e. Modernize Power Projection Platforms 35 / Optimize The Information TechnologyEnvironment 35 ImplementMulti-Level Security 36 g. h. Ensure Spectrum Superiority 36 Acquire IntegratedSystems Using Commercial Technology ... 37 i. ExploitModeling andSimulation 38 j. C. THE ARMY ENTERPRISE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 38 The Purpose 39 1. a. Assessment ofExistingSystems 39 b. The InvestmentStrategy For The Future 41 c. The Action Plan 41 SUMMARY D. 42 IV. ARMY OPERATIONS 45 COMBAT POWER A. 45 The Elements ofCombat Power 46 1 Maneuver 46 a. Firepower 47 b. c. Protection 47 d. Leadership 48 2. The Combat Functions 49 a. Intelligence 49 b. Maneuver 50 c. Fire Support 50 d. Air Defense 50 e. Mobility andSurvivability 51 viii