The Armenians in the Medieval Islamic World: The Arab Period in Armnyahseventh to Eleventh Centuries

237 Pages·2011·3.16 MB·English

by  Seta B. Dadoyan

Copyright © 2011 by Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, New
Jersey.
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Th is book is printed on acid-free paper that meets the American
National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library
Materials.
Library of Congress Catalog Number: 2011017745
ISBN: 978-1-4128-4577-9
Printed in the United States of America
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Parsumean-Tatoyean, Seda.
The Armenians in the medieval Islamic world : paradigms of
interaction-seventh to fourteenth centuries / Seta B. Dadoyan.
v. cm.
To be complete in 3 vols.--ECIP data.
Contents: v. 1. Th e Arab period in Arminyah-seventh to eleventh
centuries
ISBN 978-1-4128-4577-9
E-ISBN 978-1-4128-4652-3
1. Armenians—Islamic Empire—History. 2. Armenia—Relations—
Islamic Empire. 3. Islamic Empire—Relations—Armenia. I. Title.
DS175.D33 2011
305.891’992017670902—dc23
2011017745
I dedicate this book to my family, Arsen, Talin, and Daniel
and to my ancestors
the Barsoumians from the east and the Yaylayans
from the west of the
Armenian World

Contents
Contents of Forthcoming Volumes in Th is Series xi
Transliteration Tables xxi
Prologue xxiii
Introduction 1
I. Armenian Historiography and the
Book as an Argument 1
II. Introduction to Volume One 5
1 Factors in the Pre-Islamic Armenian Condition—
Fourth–Seventh Centuries 13
I. East–West Rivalries: Kings, Catholicoi,
Naxarars, Common People 13
II. Th e Cultural Policies and the Legacy of
Fundamental Loyalties of the Classical Age 18
III. Defi nitions of Armenian Orthodoxy and
the Synthesis of Eznik (mid-Fifth Century) 22
A. Th e Book of Dissidents or Refutation
of Sects (Ełc Ałandoc‘) 22
B. Th e Fundamentals of Eznik’s Synthesis 24
IV. Early Armenian Social–Religious Dissent 25
A. Th e Eustathian Heretics of Sivās—Canons of
the Council of Gangra (c.374) 26
B. Th e Councils of Šahapiwan (447/8) and Dwin
(554/5)—Messalians, Nestorians, Paulicians 33
Th e Armenians in the Medieval Islamic World
2 Early Arab Campaigns and the Regulation of
Relations According to the Medīnan Legacy 43
I. Medieval Armīnyah between Byzantium
and the Islamic World—Th e Early Period 43
II. A Brief Survey of Sources—Arab and Armenian 46
III. Early Arab Campaigns: Armīnyah between
Arabs and Byzantines 51
IV. Regulation of Islamic–Armenian Relations 56
A. Th e Treaty of Mu‘āwiyah (652) 56
B. Th e Treaty of Ḥabīb Ibn Maslamah (654) 57
V. Th e Medīnan Legacy as Paradigm for
Islamic–Armenian Treatises 58
A. Th e 652 Treaty as a Link in the Tradition of
Medīnan Oath 58
B. Th e Alleged “Prophet’s Oath to the Armenians,”
and the Jerusalem Connection 60
3 Th e Umayyad Period and the Reconfi rmation of Oaths 65
I. Th e Early Decades 66
II. Change of Status in 692–693/73H 67
III. Muḥammad Ibn Marwān, the Rebellion of 703
and the Reconfi rmation—Th e “Little Manšūr” 69
IV. Continuation of the Legacy: Th e “Covenant”
of Caliph ‘Umar II to Catholicos Ōjnec‘i 70
V. Th e Later Umayyad Period in Armenia: Dissidence
and Heterodoxy as Paradigms of Interaction 75
4 Th e Armenians in the ‘Abbāsid World—Th e Paradigms
of Borderlands and Dissidence 81
I. Th e ‘Abbāsids and the Persian–Islamic Legacies 81
II. Th e ‘Abbāsid Project of Borderlands 82
III. Armenia under the ‘Abbāsids to the Year 862/248H 85
IV. Th e Arab Tribal Emirates in Armenia 87
V. Dissident Versus Orthodox Politics—Paulicians,
Babakians, and T‘ondrakians 90
viii
Contents
A. Social Unrest in Apahunik‘ and Siwnik‘ in the
Ninth–Tenth Centuries 90
B. Paulicians, T‘ondrakians, and Babakians—
Paradigm of Near Eastern Dissidence 91
VI. Paradigms of Syncretism and the Borderlands:
Th e Paulician–Muslim Alliance—Digenis Akritis
as History 96
A. Th e Paulicians and the Muslim Alliance 96
B. Digenis Akritis: Epic and History 102
C. D igenis Akritis: Summary and Highlights of
the Grottoferrata and Escorial Versions 106
5 Armenian Dynastic Principalities or the
“Age of Kingdoms” 113
I. Th e Bagratunis and Arcrunis 113
II. Th e Tenth Century: Prosperity and Turmoil 117
III. Th e Ḥamdānids in Armenia and North Shām 121
IV. Th e “Crusade” of Tzimiskes and Armenian
Settlements 124
V. Basil II the “Bulgar-Slayer” (976–1025) and
the Armenians—Th e Watershed 129
VI. Th e Last Armenian “Kingdoms” 131
VII. Reformist-T‘ondrakian Episodes—1000–1054/5 134
Summary: Th e Arguments in Volume One 147
Bibliography 155
Appendix 181
Index 185
ix