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STUDIES OF THE AMERICAS The Argentinian Dictatorship and its Legacy Rethinking the Proceso Edited by Juan Grigera · Luciana Zorzoli Studies of the Americas Series Editor Maxine Molyneux Institute of the Americas University College London London, UK The Studies of the Americas Series includes country specific, cross- disciplinary and comparative research on the United States, Latin America, the Caribbean, and Canada, particularly in the areas of Politics, Economics, History, Sociology, Anthropology, Development, Gender, Social Policy and the Environment. The series publishes monographs, readers on specific themes and also welcomes proposals for edited collec- tions, that allow exploration of a topic from several different disciplinary angles. This series is published in conjunction with University College London’s Institute of the Americas under the editorship of Professor Maxine Molyneux. More information about this series at http://www.palgrave.com/gp/series/14462 Juan Grigera · Luciana Zorzoli Editors The Argentinian Dictatorship and its Legacy Rethinking the Proceso Editors Juan Grigera Luciana Zorzoli Department of International Research Associate (SOAS) Development and Postdoctoral Fellow (CONICET) King’s College London Instituto de Investigaciones en London, UK Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales (IdIHCS) Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) La Plata, Argentina Studies of the Americas ISBN 978-3-030-18300-4 ISBN 978-3-030-18301-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18301-1 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover image: © ETrayne04/Alamy Stock Photo This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland A cknowledgements The essays in this volume largely derive from presentations at the Rethinking the “Proceso.” The Argentinian dictatorship in perspective (1976–1983) Conference held at the Institute of Americas, University College London, March 24, 2016. The funding for the conference itself was provided by the Institute of Americas. Many individuals played key roles in bringing this volume to fruition: We especially thank Prof. Maxine Molyneux who was more than generous with her time and advise and Prof. Jonathan Bell director of the Institute. We also thank several senior scholars who willingly served as anonymous peer reviewers. Special thanks are due as well to all of the authors for their profes- sional work and to all the other participants of the conference who contributed to the debates reflected in the chapters that constitute this publication. While gratefully acknowledging the assistance and guidance provided, we take final responsibility for the book, which necessarily reflects different views and opinions, and so does not in any way constitute an end to the rethinking of the issues under scrutiny but rather a summary and an invitation for further developments. v c ontents 1 Introduction 1 Juan Grigera and Luciana Zorzoli 2 A Foundation of Terror: Tucumán and the Proceso, 1975–1983 23 James H. Shrader 3 Anti-subversive Repression and Dictatorship in Argentina: An Approach from Northern Patagonia 47 Pablo Scatizza 4 Economic Policy and Global Change: The Puzzle of Industrial Policy Under the Proceso 67 Juan Grigera 5 Law-Making and Federalism in Argentina’s Last Dictatorship 93 Alejandro Bonvecchi and Emilia Simison 6 State, Filmmaking, and Sexuality During the Military Dictatorship in Argentina (1976–1983) 123 Débora D’Antonio vii viii CONTENTS 7 Rethinking Trade Unions 147 Luciana Zorzoli 8 Peronism in the Transition and Peronism in Transition: From the End of the Reorganization Process to the Peronist Renovation (1981–1989) 173 Joaquín Baeza Belda 9 Malvinas/Falklands War: Changes in the Idea of Nationhood, the Local and National, in a Post-Dictatorship Context—Argentina, 1982–2007 197 Federico Lorenz Index 211 n c otes on ontributors Joaquín Baeza Belda holds a Ph.D. in History from the University of Salamanca (Spain). He also has a Masters in Latin American Studies from the Instituto de Iberoamérica at the University of Salamanca. Belda was a fellow at the University of Liverpool and was the recipient of a Young Researcher grant issued by the Junta of Castilla y León. His research focuses on recent Argentinian history, democratic transitions, and political parties. Alejandro Bonvecchi holds a Ph.D. in Government from the University of Essex. He works as Adjunct Researcher at Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas and Assistant Professor at the Universidad Torcuato Di Tella (UTDT). His research has appeared in Comparative Politics, Journal of Politics in Latin America, Latin American Politics and Society, Legislative Studies Quarterly, Presidential Studies Quarterly, and Publius: The Journal of Federalism. He authored the books ¿Quién decide la política social en América Latina? Un estudio de economía política basado en el análisis de redes sociales. Washington, DC: Banco Inter- Americano de Desarrollo-David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies Harvard University (Co-edited with Carlos Scartascini and Julia Johannsen); Los límites de la voluntad. Buenos Aires: Paidós-Planeta-Ariel, Colección Ariel Historia. (With Marcos Novaro y Nicolás Cherny) and (Co-edited with Ana Maria Mustapic and Javier Zelaznik) Los legisladores en el Congreso argentino: prácticas y estrategias, Buenos Aires: Instituto Torcuato Di Tella, 2012. ix x NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS Débora D’Antonio holds a Ph.D. in History of the University of Buenos Aires (UBA). There, she also is a professor and researcher of the Interdisciplinary Institute of Gender Studies (IIEGE) of the National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET). She is an Undergraduate and PostGraduate Professor of the UBA and has given different seminars in other national universities and ones from the Southern Cone. She is specialized in the study of the State’s repressive activity in the recent Argentinian history and its connection between the studies of gender and sexuality. Also, she is author of the book La prisión en los años setenta: Historia, género y política (2016) and compiler of Violencia, espionaje y represión estatal: seis estudios de caso sobre el pasado reciente argentino (2018) and Deseo y represión: Sexualidad, Género y Estado en la historia reciente Argentina (2015). Juan Grigera is Lecturer in the Political Economy of Development at the Department of International Development, King’s College London. He completed a Ph.D. from the University of Buenos Aires with support from the Argentinean National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), after being awarded an M.Sc. in Development Studies from the London School of Economics. Between 2014 and 2017, he was British Academy Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Institute of Americas, UCL. Federico Lorenz holds a Ph.D. in Social Sciences (UNGS-IDES) and a B.A. in History from the National University of Luján. He is an Associate Researcher at National Scientific and Technical Research Committee (CONICET) based in the Instituto de Historia Argentina y Americana “Dr. Emilio Ravignani.” He was awarded a research grant from the Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation for developing a pro- ject about Malvinas/Falklands War Experiences through amateur photo- graphs and war letters. Throughout his career as a teacher and historian, he has focused in Argentine recent history, such as political violence and the Malvinas/Falklands War, and the relationship between history, mem- ory and education. He is a specialist in the social history of the war. He traveled twice to the Malvinas/Falklands as part of his research about the memories of the 1982 war. He was Director of the Museo Malvinas e Islas del Atlántico Sur (2016–2018). Pablo Scatizza holds a Ph.D. in History from the Universidad Torcuato Di Tella. He is Associate Professor at the Universidad Nacional del Comahue. He had published several articles about repressive dynamics