The Archaistic Style in Roman Statuary

228 Pages·1990·6.99 MB·English

by  Mark D. Fullerton

MNEMOSYNE
BIBLIOTHECA CLASSICA BATAVA
COLLEGERUNT
A.D. LEEMAN· H.W. PLEKET · C.J. RUIJGH
BIBLIOTHECAE FASCICULOS EDENDOS CURAVIT
C.J. RUIJGH, KLASSIEK SEMINARIUM, OUDE TURFMARKT 129, AMSTERDAM
SUPPLEMENTUM CENTESIMUM DECIMUM
MARK D. FULLERTON
THE ARCHAISTIC STYLE
IN ROMAN STATUARY
THE ARCHAISTIC STYLE
IN ROMAN STATUARY
BY
MARK D. FULLERTON
E.J. BRILL
LEIDEN • NEW YORK • K<DBENHAVN • KOLN
1990
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Fullerton, Mark D.
The archaistic style in Roman statuary I by Mark D. Fullerton
p. cm. -- (Mnemosyne, bibliotheca classica Batava.
Supplementum, ISSN 0169-8958 ; 110)
Revision of the author's thesis (PH.D.)--Bryn Mawr College, 1982,
entitled: Archaistic draped statuary in the round of the Classical,
Hellenistic a, and Roman periods.
Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index.
ISBN 9004091467 (paperback)
1. Sculpture, Roman--Themes, motives. I. Title. II. Series.
NBl 15.FE85 1990
733'.5--dc20 90-2135
CIP
ISSN 0 169-8958
ISBN 90 04 09146 7
© Copyright 1990 by E.j. Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or
translated in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, microfiche
or any other means without written permission from the publisher
PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS
To Monica

CONTENTS
List of Illustrations and Credits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX
Preface
· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XIII
Chapter One: Archaistic Statuary and the Archaistic Style . . . . . 1
Chapter Two: Artemis I Diana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
I. Artemis- Hekate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
A. Artemis and Hekate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
B. Diana Nemorensis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
C. Statuary Related to the Diana N emorensis . . . . . . . 17
II. Artemis of Pompeii Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
III. Diana of Trastevere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Catalogue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Chapter Three: Athena I Minerva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
I. Pro machos Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
A. The Herculaneum Pallas Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
B. The Dresden Athena.......................... 50
C. The Palermo Athena . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
D. Other Promachos Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
II. Palladion Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
A. The Minerva of Poitiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
B. Other Palladion Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
C. Related Statues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
III. Other Archaistic Athenas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
A. The Chigi-Munich Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
B. Other Archaistic Athena Statues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Catalogue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Chapter Four: Tyche I Fortuna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
I. Hellenistic "Pergamene" Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 85
II. Tyche of Munich Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Catalogue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Chapter Five: Spes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
I. Iconography of Spes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
II. Spes Statues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
III. "Copies" of Archaic Korai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Catalogue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Chapter Six: Dionysiac Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
I. Dionysiac Figures in East Greek Hellenistic Style . . . . . 128
II. Dionysiac Figures in Attic Archaistic Style . . . . . . . . . . . 132
A. Dionysos in Long Diagonal Mantle with Overfold . 133
B. Dionysos with Long Wrapped Mantle . . . . . . . . . . . 138
VIII CONTENTS
C. The Braschi Dionysos and Related Figures . . . . . . . 140
D. Dionysos with Small Wrapped Mantle . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Catalogue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Chapter Seven: Apollo Citharoedus and Hermes Kriophoros . . . 163
I. Apollo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
II. Hermes Kriophoros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Catalogue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Chapter Eight: Paraleipomena-Anonymous and Narrative
Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 71
I. Anonymous Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 71
II. Archaistic Narrative Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Catalogue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Chapter Nine: Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Chronology and Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Regionalism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Iconography and Motives for Archaizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Subjects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Tradition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Apotropaism and Lustration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Dionysiac Figures and Rustic Cults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
The Ancient Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
The Appeal of Formalism and Roman Taste . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Museum Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
ILLUSTRATIONS
1. Denarius of P. Accoleius Lariscolus (43 B.C.)- [Courtesy of the American Numis
matic Society, New York]
2. Selt;uk Museum no.2165-Statue of Artemis, Cat. 21Al-[Author, reproduced
courtesy of the Ephesos Museum, Selc;:uk]
3. Tripolis Museum-Statue of Artemis(?), Cat. 21A2-[Deutsches Archaologisches ln
stitut, Rom 61-1816]
4. Vatican, Galleria dei Candelabri no.1-Statue of Artemis(?), Cat. 2IB3-[Deutsches
Archaologisches lnstitut, Rom 41-967]
5. Port Sunlight, Lady Lever Art Gallery no.19 (X2167)-Statue of Artemis(?), Cat.
21C 1-[Courtesy of the National Museums and Galleries on Merseyside, Lady Lever
Art Gallery, Port Sunlight]
6. Boston, Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum no.S5s41-Statue of Artemis (?), Cat.
21C4-[Courtesy of Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston]
7. Vienna, Kunsthist. Mus. no.1115-Bronze Statuette of Artemis (?), Cat. 21C5b
[Courtesy of the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Antikensammlung, Vienna]
8. Berlin, Staatliche Museen, Antikensammlung no.580-Statue of Artemis (?), Cat.
21D2-[Courtesy of the Antikensammlung, Staatliche Mu seen, Berlin]
9. Rome, Museo Torlonia no.481-Statue of Artemis(?), Cat. 21D2-[Deutsches Ar
chaologisches lnstitut, Rom 35-83]
10. Naples, Museo Nazionale no.6008-Statue of Artemis, Cat. 211Al-[Alinari 11060]
11. Venice, Museo Archeologico inv.no.59-Statue of Artemis, Cat. 2IIA2-[Courtesy,
Soprintendanza Archeologica per il Veneto]
12. Florence, Museo Archeologico inv.no.10701-Statue of Artemis, Cat. 2IIA3-
[Courtesy, Soprintendenza Archeologica della Toscana/Gabinetto fotographico]
13. Denarius of Augustus with Artemis reverse, Lugdunum Mint (11-9 B.C. )-[Courtesy
of the American Numismatic Society, New York]
14. Denarius of Augustus with Apollo reverse, Lugdunum Mint (11-9 B.C.)-[Courtesy
of the American Numismatic Society, New York]
15. London, British Museum Sc1560-Statue of Artemis, "Diana of Trastevere," Cat.
211B 1-[Courtesy, Trustees of the British Museum]
16. Naples, Museo Nazionale no.101(6007)-Herculaneum Athena, Cat.
31Al-[Alinari 11122]
17. Athens, Agora Excavations inv.no.S1064-Head of Athena, fragment, Cat.
31A2-[Courtesy, American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Agora Exca-
vations] ·
18. Dresden, Skulpturensammlung no.26-Statue of Athena, Cat. 31Bl-[Courtesy,
Skulpturensammlung-Staatliche Kunstsammlung Dresden]
19. detail of fig.18
20. London, British Museum Br 191-Bronze Statuette of Athena, Cat. 31B2-[Courte
sy, Trustees of the British Museum]
21. Palermo, Museo Archeologico NI1535-Statue of Athena, Cat. 31Cl-[Courtesy,
Archaeological Museum of Palermo]
22. Vatican Museums, Galleria dei Candelabri no.155A-Statue of Athena, fragment
Cat. 31C2-(Author]
23. Paris, Musee du Louvre no.674-Statue of Athena, Cat. 31Dl-[M. Chuzeville pho-
to, reproduced courtesy of Musee du Louvre, Paris]
24. Poitiers, Musee Municipal-Statue of Athena, Cat. 311Al-[Author]
25. Rome, Villa Albani no.970-Statue of Athena, Cat. 311Cl-[Alinari 27688]
26. Rome, Museo Barracco no. 78-Statue of Athena, Cat. 3IIC2-[Alinari 34935]
27. Florence, Galleria degli Uffizi no.13-Statue of Athena, Cat. 3IIC3-[Alinari 1264]
X ILLUSTRATIONS
28. Munich, Antikensammlung St.10087-Statue of Athena, Cat. 3IIIA1-[Courtesy,
Staatliche Antikensammlung und Glyptothek, Miinchen]
29. Hamburg, Antikensammlung inv.no.1960. 72-Statue of Athena, Cat. 3IIIB1-
[Courtesy, Museum fur Kunst und Gewerbe, Hamburg]
30. Corinth, Museum inv.no.1368-Karyatid in form of Athena, Cat. 3IIIB3-[Courte
sy, American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Corinth Excavations]
31. Paris, Musee du Louvre inv.no.2571-Statuette of Tyche, Cat. 4IA1-[M.
Chuzeville photo, reproduced courtesy ofMusee du Louvre, Paris]
32. London, British Museum Scl 702-Statue ofTyche, Cat. 4IA2-[Courtesy, Trustees
of the British M i'.iseum]
33. Berlin, Staatliche Mu seen, Antikensammlung no. 7676-Terracotta statuette of
Tyche (Eirene?), Cat. 4IA3-[Courtesy of the Antikensammlung, Staatliche
M useen, Berlin]
34. Athens, Agora Excavations S871-Statuette ofTyche, Cat. 4IB1-[Courtesy, Ameri
can School of Classical Studies at Athens, Agora Excavations]
35. London, British Museum Silver 6-Cat. 4IC2-[Courtesy, Trustees of the British
Museum]
36. Munich, Glyptothek I.N.171-Statue of Tyche, Cat. 4IIA1-[Courtesy, Staatliche
Antikensammlung und Glyptothek, Miinchen]
37. Dresden, Skulpturensammlung no.28-Statue of Tyche, Cat. 4IIA2-[Courtesy,
Skul pturensamml ung-S taatliche K unstsammlung Dresden]
38. Vatican Museums, Galleria dei Candelabri no.93-Statue of Tyche, Cat.
4IA3-[Deutsches Archiiologisches lnstitut, Rom 42-1414]
39. Bergama Museum-Statue of Tyche, Cat. 4IIA4-[Author]
40. Sestertius of Claudius (A.D. 41-42)-[Courtesy of the American Numismatic Society,
New York]
41. As ofVespasian (A.D. 76-78)-[Courtesy of the American Numismatic Society, New
York]
42. Denarius of Domitian (Reign of Vespasian, A.D. 74)-[Courtesy of the American
Numismatic Society, New York]
43. As of Marcus Aurelius (Reign of Antoninus Pius, A.D. 158-159)-[Courtesy of the
American Numismatic Society, New York]
44. Vatican Museums, Galleria dei Candelabri no.135A-Archaistic Kore, Cat.
5A1-[Deutsches Archiiologisches Institut, Rom 41-917]
45. Berlin, Staatliche Museen, Antikensammlung no.284-Archaistic Kore, Cat.
5A6-[Courtesy of the Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen, Berlin]
46. N1mes, Maison Carre-Archaistic Kore, Cat. 5A7-[Courtesy, Skulpturensamm
lung-Staatliche Kunstsammlung Dresden]
47. Dresden, Skulpturensammlungen inv.ZL1124-Archaistic Kore, Cat. 5A9-[Muse
um photo]
48. Florence, Palazzo Guicciardini-Archaistic Kore, Cat. 5B1-[Deutsches Ar
chaologisches lnstitut, Rom EA5097]
49. Paris, Rodin Museum inv.55-Archaistic Kore, Cat. 5B2-[Courtesy, Musee
Rodin, Paris]
50. Rome, Museo Nazionale Romano inv.n. 30067-Archaistic Kore, Cat.
5B3-[Deutsches Archiiologisches lnstitut, Rom 76.2036]
51. Palermo, Museo Nazionale Nl1536-Archaistic Kore, Cat. 5B4-[Courtesy, Ar
chaeological Museum of Palermo]
52. Munich, Glyptothek Inv.no.173-Archaistic Kore, Cat. 5B6-[Courtesy, Staatliche
Antikensammlung und Glyptothek, Miinchen]
53. Boston, Museum of Fine Arts Inv.23.1-Archaistic Kore, Cat.5B7-[Courtesy,
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston]
54. Rome, Palazzo dei Conservatori lnv.986-Archaistic Kore, Cat. 5B8-[Alinari
27199]
55. Vatican Museums, Galleria dei Candelabri 124(A)-Archaistic Kore, Cat.
5B9-[Deutsches Archiiologisches lnstitut, Rom 35-131]
ILLUSTRATIONS XI
56. Rhodes, Archaeological Museum-Statue ofDionysos, Cat. 61Al-[Author, repro
duced courtesy of the Archaeological Ephoreia, Rhodes]
57. London, British Museum Sc2082-Statue of Maenad, Cat. 6IA3-[Courtesy,
Trustees of the British Museum]
58. Vienna, Kunsthistorische Museum inv.no.1219-Statue of Priapus, Cat.
6IB6-[Courtesy, Kunsthistorische Museum, Antikensammlung, Vienna]
59. lzmir, Archeological Museum no.3585-Statue of Dionysos, Cat. 6IB7-[Author]
60. Rome, Museo Torlonia no.492-Statue of Dionysos, Cat. 6IIA2-[Deutsches Ar
chaologisches lnstitut, Rom 34-2075]
61. Athens, National Archaeological Museum no.53-Statue of Dionysos, Cat.
6IIA3-[Courtesy, National Archaeological Museum, Athens]
62. Copenhagen, Ny Carlsberg Glyptothek H 15 (Inv.1671)-Statuette ofDionysos, Cat.
6IIA4-[Courtesy, Ny Carlsberg Glyptothek, Copenhagen]
63. Rome, Galleria Doria Pamphili-Statue of Dionysos, Cat. 6IIA5-[Deutsches Ar
chaologisches lnstitut, Rom EA2282]
64. Rome, Villa Albani no.144-Statue of Dionysos, Cat. 6IIA6-[Alinari 27580]
65. Eleusis, Archeological Museum no.5139-Statue ofDionysos, Cat. 611Bl-[Author,
reproduced courtesy of the Archaeological Museum, Eleusis]
66. Rome, Villa Albani no.983-Statue of Dionysos, Cat. 6IIB3-[Deutsches Ar
chaologisches lnstitut, Rom EA4670]
67. Munich, Glyptothek inv.no.180-Braschi Dionysos, Cat. 611Cl-[Courtesy, Staat
liche Antikensammlung und Glyptothek, Munchen]
68. Copenhagen, Thorwaldsens Museum Inv. H1411-Statuette of Dionysos, Braschi
Type, Cat. 6IIC2-[Courtesy, Thorvaldsens Museum, Copenhagen]
69. Paris, Bibliotheque Nationale inv.no.364-Bronze Statuette of Dionysos, Braschi
Type, Cat. 6IIC3-[Phot. Bib. Nat. Paris]
70. Frascati, Palazzo Municipale-Statue of Dionysos, Cat. 6IIC4-[Deutsches Ar
chaologisches lnstitut, Rom 80.861]
71. San Antonio (TX), Museum of Art no.86.134-Statue of Dionysos, Cat.
6IIC5-[Courtesy of the San Antonio Museum Association, San Antonio Texas. The
Gilbert M. Denman Jr. Collection. 86-134 (115)]
72. Athens, Agora Museum no.S2109-Statue of Dionysos, Cat. 611Dl-[Courtesy,
American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Agora Excavations]
73. Athens, Agora Excavations no. S308-Statuette ofDionysos, Cat. 6IID2-[Courtesy,
American School of Classical Studies, Agora Excavations]
74. Vatican Museums, Galleria dei Candelabri no. 75-Statue of Apollo, Cat.
71Al-[Deutsches Archaologisches lnstitut, Rom 33-143]
75. Rome, Galleria Borghese inv.695-Statue of Apollo, Cat. 7IA2-[Alinari 27466]
76. London, Warburg Institute-Statue of Hermes Kriophoros, Cat. 711Al-[Author,
reproduced courtesy of the Warburg Institute, University of London]
77. Corinth, Archaeological Museum no.686-Statue of Hermes Kriophoros, Cat.
7IIA2-[Courtesy, American School of Classical Studies, Corinth Excavations]
78. London, British Museum Scl54-Archaistic Kore, Cat.81Al-[Courtesy, Trustees
of the British Museum]
79. Copenhagen, Ny Carlsberg Glyptothek H 20 (lnv.1196)-Archaistic Kore, Cat.
8IA2-[Courtesy, Ny Carlsberg Glyptothek, Copenhagen]
80. London, British Museum Sc153-Archaistic Kore, Cat. 8IA3-[Courtesy, Trustees
of the British Museum]
81. Paris, Musee du Louvre MA27 l 7-Archaistic Kore, Cat. 8IA4-[M. Chuzeville
photo, reproduced courtesy of Musee du Louvre, Paris]
82. Corinth, Archaeological Museum no.S241 l-Archaistic Kore, Cat. 8IA6-[Courte
sy, American School of Classical Studies, Corinth Excavations]
83. Madrid, Museo de! Prado no.63-Archaistic Kore, Cat. 8IA7-[Courtesy of the
Museo de! Prado, Madrid]
84. Vatican Museums, Galleria dei Candelabri no.140A-Archaistic Kore, Cat8IA8-
[Deutsches Archaologisches lnstitut, Rom 42-1375]