The Arab Middle East and the United States: Inter-Arab Rivalry and Superpower Diplomacy

308 Pages·1996·7.02 MB·English

by  Burton I. Kaufman

T A M E U S
he rab iddle ast and the nited tates
Inter-Arab Rivalry and Superpower Diplomacy
T ' I H S
wayne s nternational istory eries
Akira Iriye, Editor
Harvard University
T A M E
he rab iddle ast and
U S
the nited tates
Inter-Arab Rivalry and Superpower Diplomacy
Burton I. Kaufman
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
TWAYNE PUBLISHERS • NEW YORK
AN IMPRINT OF SIMON & SCHUSTER MACMILLAN
PRENTICE HALL INTERNAT ONAL • LONDON • MEXICO CITY • NEW DELHI
S NGAPORE • SYDNEY • TORONTO
Copyright© 1996 by Burton I. Kaufman
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or
by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any infor­
mation storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher.
Twayne Publishers
An Imprint of Simon & Schuster Macmillan
866 Third Avenue
New York, New York 10022
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Kaufman, Burton Ira.
The Arab Middle East and the United States: inter-Arab rivalry and superpower diplo­
macy / Burton I. Kaufman.
p. cm.— (Twayne's international history series;)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8057-7911-6 (alk. paper).— ISBN 0-8057-9211-2 (pbk.)
1. Arab countries— Foreign relations— United States. 2. United
States— Foreign relations— Arab countries. 3. United States— Foreign relations—
1945- I. Title. II. Series.
DS63.2.U5K38 1995
327.730174927— dc20 95-19575
CIP
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National
Standard for Information Sciences— Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials.
ANSI Z39.48-1984.®™
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 (he)
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 (pb)
Printed in the United States of America
For Lois, Sid, Eleanor, Tom, Shirley,
Jennifer, Jack, Jan, and Steve

CONTENTS
maps ix
foreword xi
introduction xv
chapter 1
Forging Policy in the Postwar Era: 1945-1953 1
chapter 2
Eisenhower, Containment, and Arab Nationalism: 1953-1961
chapter 3
Kennedy and Arab Nationalism: 1961-1963 31
chapter 4
Johnson and the Six-Day War: 1963-1969 41
chapter 5
Nixon, Kissinger, and the Yorn Kippur War: 1969-1974
chapter 6
Step-by-Step Diplomacy: 1974-1977 87
viii • CONTENTS
chapter 7
Carter and the Camp David Accords: 1977-1981 103
chapter 8
Reagan and Lebanon: 1981-1984 120
chapter 9
In the Pursuit of Peace: 1984-1989 137
chapter 10
Bush and the Persian Gulf War: 1989-1991 149
chapter 11
In the Aftermath of War: 1991-1994 166
chronology 185
notes and references 223
bibliographic essay 257
index 283
MAPS
The Middle East xiii
Formation of Israel, 1947-49 xviii
1956 Suez War 16
1967 Six-Day War—Southern Command 42
1967 Six-Day War—Central Command 43
1967 Six-Day War—Northern Command 44
1973 October War—Egyptian Front, Phase One 66
1973 October War—Egyptian Front, Phase Two 67
1973 October War—Syrian Front, Phase One 68
1973 October War—Syrian Front, Phase Two 69
Lebanon 86
Israeli withdrawal from the Sinai 102
IX