The anthropology of Western religions : ideas, organizations, and constituencies PDF
Preview The anthropology of Western religions : ideas, organizations, and constituencies
The Anthropology of Western Religions The Anthropology of Western Religions Ideas, Organizations, and Constituencies Murray J. Leaf LEXINGTONBOOKS Lanham•Boulder•NewYork•London PublishedbyLexingtonBooks AwhollyownedsubsidiaryofRowman&Littlefield 4501ForbesBoulevard,Suite200,Lanham,Maryland20706 www.rowman.com 10ThornburyRoad,PlymouthPL67PP,UnitedKingdom Copyright©2014byLexingtonBooks Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyformorbyany electronicormechanicalmeans,includinginformationstorageandretrievalsystems, withoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher,exceptbyareviewerwhomayquote passagesinareview. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationInformationAvailable LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Leaf,MurrayJ. TheanthropologyofWesternreligions:ideas,organizations,andconstituencies/MurrayJ.Leaf. pagescm Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-0-7391-9238-2(cloth)--ISBN978-0-7391-9239-9(electronic)1.Religions.I.Title. BL80.3.L432014 306.6--dc23 2014007858 TMThepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirementsofAmerican NationalStandardforInformationSciencesPermanenceofPaperforPrintedLibrary Materials,ANSI/NISOZ39.48-1992. PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica Contents ListofIllustrations vii Preface ix Acknowledgments xi 1 Introduction 1 OtherApproaches 3 “Higher”TraditionsinGeneral 11 FurtherReading 24 Websites 24 2 BackgroundstotheWest 25 Geopolitics 26 CityGodsandLaw 27 GilgameshEpic 28 GodsandOaths 31 FamilyandClanGods 32 MysteryCults 32 Zoroastrianism 37 GreekandRomanPhilosophy 45 Conclusion 51 FurtherReading 52 Notes 53 3 Judaism 55 CentralIdeas 55 BiblicalHistory 60 LegalContentintheTanakh 73 SubsequentDevelopments 80 Ceremonies 97 RecentOrganizationalDevelopments 102 Conclusion 106 FurtherReading 107 Notes 107 4 EarlyChristianity 109 CoreIdeas 112 TheLifeofChrist 113 TheGospelsintheContextofJudaism 120 ChristianitybeyondtheJewishContext 125 v vi Contents FormationoftheCanon 141 Christianity’sTwoIdeaSystems 143 Conclusion:TheEndofEarlyChristianity 144 FurtherReading 145 Notes 146 5 Islam 147 Foundation 148 TheDivisionBetweenSunniandShia 152 ElementsofDoctrine 158 Organizations 173 Constituency 175 Baha’i 178 Ahmadiyyamovement 180 TheArabSpring 181 Conclusion 183 FurtherReading 184 Notes 184 6 LaterChristianity 185 RomanCatholicism:Centralization 187 TheCrusadesandInquisition 190 Pre-ReformationHereticalMovements 192 TheRenaissanceandtheReformation 198 TheCounter-Reformation 208 TheRadicalReformation 213 TheGreatAwakenings 232 UnitedChurchofCanada 233 “Marginal”Christians 234 CriticalScholarshipandPublicTheology 239 Conclusion 242 FurtherReading 243 Notes 244 7 Conclusion 247 ReligionandSocialDevelopment 248 ReligionandEthics 249 FinalThought 251 Bibliography 253 Index 257 AbouttheAuthor 263 List of Illustrations Fig.2.1 Romanhouseholdaltarwithoffering 33 Fig.2.2 InteriorofMithratemple,OstiaAntiqua 35 Fig.2.3 DionysiansceneonRomansarcophagus 36 Fig.3.1 Aseder;followingtheHaggadah. 99 Fig.4.1 ChurchbuiltonconvertedRomantemple. 130 Fig.5.1 TheTajMahal. 175 Fig.5.2 JamiaMasjid,Srinagar,Kashmir.Mainhall. 176 Fig.5.3 Baha’itemple,NewDelhi. 180 Fig.6.1 SaintPeter’sBasilica,Rome. 191 Fig.6.2 InteriorofSt.Peter’sBasilica. 193 Fig.6.3 JanHusMemorial,1915,Praguetown square. 199 vii
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