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t/ ! BlackwReelald eirnAs n thropology t: eAntr opo , . 0 Asa nthropmoolvoebgsey y otnhdle i moifts so -caalrleseatd u dtiheesir,sae n T increnaesefidon rg ttheaxattts t etmodp ott hweo rokfs ynthetshilezi itnegr ature I Go a ization ,• whiclhea llemnogrtiern agd iotris oudnbia slc ipalpipnraoratycoa h netsh ropology. 0 Thiists h oeb joeftc htee x cinteiwsn egr Bileasc,k Rweealdlie nAr nst hrloopgoy. Eacvho luimne s tehreoi fefsse ermsi rneaald oinna cg hso stehne amnepd r ovtihdee s A Reaedr finmeossttt,h ought-prreocvweoonkrtik insntg h gei vtehne maatrieMcaa .n oyf these voltuomgeesft ohbrer rit nhtgei mafbe io rdsyt of olnia ct eerrtatatoiupnri ec . Thsee rtiheupssr esentdse fbionctiohtl ilveeac ntidin ovness tivgearwtyae ysis n t he whiacnht hropoilnoqguhiiacresayv l o lavneiddes v olving. I Edited by 1 Anthroogpoyof Gl lobalizAa Rteiaodne:r I EditbeyJd o natXhaavnil enrda an Rde naRtoos aldo • JonatXhaavnil enrda an Rde naRtoos aldo 2 ThAen thrloopgooyfM ediAa R:e ader EditbeyKd e lAlsyk ew RaincdhR a.rW di lk 3 GenodecA:in A nthrloopgoiRceaald er EditbeyA dl exaLnadbeHarin nton Inp reparation VioliennW carea nPde acAe R:e ader EditbeyNd a ncSyc heper-aHnuPdgh hielBsio pupreg ois FooPdr:o duacniCdno gn msiunCgu ltures EditbeyJd a mLe.sW atsaonnMd e liCsaslad well ,c' ThAen throogpoyof Sl paacnePd l aAc Ree:a der EditbeySd e tLhoawa nDde niLsaew rence-Zuniga BLACKWELL Publishers Copyr©i gBhlta ckPwuebllli Lsthde r2s0 02 , I , I Firpsutb li2s0h0e2d 2 4 61809 7 513 BlackPwuebllli Isnhce.r s Contents 35M0a iSnt reet MaldeMna,s sach0u2s1et4t8s USA BlackPwuebllli shers Ltd 10C8o wlReoya d OxfoOrXd4 1 JF UK Alrli grhetsse rEvxecdef.po ttrh qeu otaotfsi hoonr t pfaostrsh paeug repsoo sfce rsi tiacnids m revineowp ,a rotf tphuiibscl atmiaoynb e reproducead r,e tsrtisoeyrvseatdloe rmi ,n transmiint tafenodyr,o m r abnymy e anesl,e ctmroencihca,np ihcoatlo,c orpeycionrgd,i ng, oro therwwiitsheto,hu petr ipoerr misosfti hopenu blisher. LiosftC ontributors Exceipntt h Uen itSetda otfe sA metrhibicosao ,k s oilssdu bjteotc htce o nditthiaiotstn h all Vlll notb,yw ay torfao dre otherlweinrstee,s, o hlbidero, eu dto ,ro thercwiirsceu wliattheodu t Acknowledgments X thpeu blisphreicroo'rns s ienna tn fyo romfb indoirn gc oovtehre r tthhaiatnn whiitc hi s IntrodAuW cotriliodnnM :o tion 1 publiasnhde dw ithoutc oan disitinimcoillnua tdrhi icnsog n dibteiioinnmg p osoentd h e JonatXhaavniI enrda an Rde naRtoosd aol subseqpuuerncth aser. MAPPINGT HEW ORLD 35· LibroafrC yo ngrCeastsa log-iPnugb-liinDcaattai on Part TIh inkitnhge G lobal 35 Thea nthropoofgl loogbya liazr aetaidoenr:/b eyJd ointaetdXh aavniI enrda an d RenaRtoos aldo. Introduction 35 p.c m.(-Blacrkewaedlielnar nst hrop1o)l ogy; 1 Notoens tGhleo bEaclu mene ISBN 0--2623213(2l-ak4. paper0)--6I3S1B-N32 -22(2 a3lpka.p er) 37 utHfa nnerz 1 A.n throp2o.lGo lgoyb.a liIzI.an tdiJaoo,nn .a tXhaavniI eIRr.o. s alRdeon,a to. III. Series. 2 DiusnjctaunrDdei ffeirnte hnGecl eo bCaull tEucroanlo my 46 ArjAupnp adurai GN27. A627030 1 306-dc21 3 Beyo"nCdu ltSupraecI"ed:,ei ntatyn,td h Peo liotfDi ifcfesr ence 65 2002150966 AkhGiulp taanJ da mFeesr sgoun BritLiisbhr Caartya logiunPi unbgl icDaattiao n A CIcPa talroegcuofero tdrh is ibsao voaki labtlhee fBrLroiimbt riasrhy . TRACKINGGL OBALF LOWS 81 Typeisne t 101 2 oSpnat b on Par1t/ I tienrantC apital 81 byK olaImn formatioPnv tS.e rPLvotindcd.eir,scr Ihyne, dia. Prinitne dG reatb yTB JrI inttaeirnn aLttidPo,an dasltC oowr,n wall Introduction 8 1 Thibso oikps r inted onp aapceird.- free 4 Deisgning CWoormpeonDr:ia stcei apnlBdia nreb aOdfofs-'ssh ore Pink-Sceocltloarr 8 3 CarFlrae eman • j E T VI CONNT S i CO T N S ��� ��ET�� � __________________________ ��v�ii N ______________________ 1fVtI NomadicI deologies 379 1 5 A FisSht oRreyt:h inGklionbga lioznVa itrigGoionnr da, Introduction ! 3 79 Brtii Vsihr Igisnl ands 100 ! BiMlalu rer 1 6S uffetrhWiein ngd osfL hasPao:l idtB iocdiizHeeusm an R'ighCtusl,t Du.i rfafle raenHnduc me,a niisnT' m i bet 3 8 1 6 GlobDails conAnbejcetca:tn ido Antf htee romfaM tohd ernism 1 3 6 VincaAndnaem s Ja meFse rguson 1 7F reeSionugAt fhir cTah:e" Moderniozfa tion" Par1t1 /M obilSeu bjecst 1 55 Male-MSaelxeu ailnSi otwye to 4 1 0 DonalDdo hnLa.m Introduction 155 1 8T heM arrioafFg eem inainsIdms lamiinEs gmy pSte:l ective 7 MexicMaing raatnido nSt ohceSi paaloc fPe o stmodernism 157 RepudiaasatD iyonna moifPc o stcoCluolntiPuaorlla ilt ics 428 RogReoru se LilAab u-Lughod 8 TheP aciSfhiuctF talme,i:C l iytizeannsCdha ippiC,ti arlc uits 127 ConcluTshieGo lno:bS ailt uation AihwOan g 4 5 3 AnnTasi ng 9 AraNbo iasneRd a madan RNaiiRg,ahp ta,sn :d Franco-MIadgehnrteibtii es 1 9 8 Index 487 Joan GrosMsc,M urDraaayv,ni Tdded S wedegn bur ParItV RovinCg ommodities 231 f Introduction 231 1 0G lobaliaznLadot ciaolni zation 233 JonatFhraine dman • 1 1C ommodiatntidhe Peso weorfP rayPeern:t ecoAstttailtiusdte s towards CoinnsC uomnptteimopGnoh raanray 247 BrigMiety er 1 2T heG lobTarla fifnHi ucm aOnr gans 270 , NancSyc pheer-Hughes ParVt Traveling Media 309 Introduction 309 1 3H ollywIocoodn ogrAWa aprhlypR:ie raid ing 3 1 1 EriMci chaels 1 4M asMse diaanT dr ansnaStuiebocjntaiilvnS ih tayn ghai: Notoens( RCeo)smopoliinatC ahniinsMemes ter opolis 325 MayafiMre i-Yhaunig 1 5I ndiFainla mnsNd i gerLioavneM resd:ia ant dh Cer eation ofP araMloldeelr nities 350 BriLaanr kin j . COUNTTORRISB IX D aviMdc Murriasy AssPirsotfaeonsfAts n otrh ropaotOl roeggSyot naU tnei versity. BirMgeiytei arss enlieocrt auttr heRere seaCrecnht" eRre liagniSdoo nc iaettt hye" I UniveorfAs mistty erdam. EriMci chawealassn e thnograanapdt h heero orfvi isstau ratmlse ,d iaan,d broad­ castHienw ga.sal ectiunmr eedrsi tau daitGe rsi fUfniitvhe irnBs riitsyba atn et he Contributors timoefh idse aitn1h 9 .8 8. AihwOan gi Psr ofeosfAs notrh ropaotl oUtgnhyie v eorfCs ailtyi fBoerrnkieal,e y. RenaRtoos ailsd oL ucPireo fSetisentsr hSoneor c Sicaile nScteasn Ufanotir vdte yr.s i RogReoru isAse s sisPtraonfteo sfAs notrh ropaottl hoUegn yi veorfCs ailtiyf ornia, Davis. NancSyc heper-iHPsur gohfeeossfA s notrh ropaottl hoUeng iyv eorfCs ailtiyf ornia, Berk.e ley TedS wedenibsuA rsgs ocPiraotfee osfsA onrt hropaotlt ohgUe yn iverosfi ty Arkansas. AnnTas inPgr oifseo sfAs notrh ropaottl hUoeng iyv eorfCs ailtiyf SoarnnCtiraau ,z . LilAab u-LuigPshr oodf eosfAs notrh ropaonlWdoo mgeyn S'tsu daitCe osl umbia I MayfMaeiir- Yhauniig Ps r ofeosfAs notrh ropaottl hoUegn yi veorfCs ailtiyf ornia, University. I SanBtaar bara. VinncnaeA damsA sisso ciate ofP roAfnetshgsryooH,rpi ostlooryS,o cainadl MedicitnhUeen iavte orfCs ailtiy fSoarFnnr iaan,c isco. ArjAupnp aduirsSa aim uNe.lH arpPerro feosfAs notrh ropaonldoo fSg oyu th AsiLaann guagCeisv ialnidz ation oafCt h itchaeg oU.n iversity DonaLl.Dd o nhaimPs r ofesAsnotrh roofpa otEl moogrUyyn iversity. JamFeesr guisPsor no feosfAs notrh ropaottl hoeg yU niovfCe arlsiiftIoyrr vniinae,. CarFlrae emiasAn s sisPtraonfte sAsnotrh roofp aonldWoo gmye nS'tsu daite s EmorUyn iversity. JonatFhraine dimsPa rno feosfSs oocrAi natlh ropaottl hoUegn yi veorfsL iutnyd , Sweden. JoaGnr oisAsss sociateo fAP nrtohfreospsaootOlr ro eggySo tnaU tneie vrsity. AkhGiulp tiAass socPiraotfeeo sfCs uolrt aunrSdao lc Ainatlh ropaotSl toagnyf ord University. HanneirsPz r ofeosfsS oorc iAanlt hropaotlS otgoyc khUonlimsv ietry, Ulf Sweden. JonatXhaavniI enrdi aAs s sisPtraonfte sCshoirc Saotnfuo d aitte hsUe n iveorfs ity CalifSoarnnBtiaaar ,b ara. BriLaanr kiiAsns sisPtraonfteo sfAs notrh ropaotBl aorgnyCa orldl ege. MaurieAsrs socPiraotfeeo sfAs notrh ropaottl hoUegn yi veorfsC iatlyi fornia, Bill Irvine. , . AC KNGO MW LEE DN TS XI 200A0m eriAcnatnoh proloAgsiscoacli AantniTaos ni;n" gT,hG el obSailt uation," • CultAunrtahlpr oolo1g5y( C3o)p,y r©i g2h0t0A 0m eriAcnatnoh proloAgsiscoa-l , ! Cla.t lOn • Afri6c(a7 31)9 9,f 7oBrr iLaanr k"iInn,dF iialnam nsNd i gerLioavneM resd:ia an d thCer eatoifPo anr aMloldeelre nsi.t"i Acknowledgments BLACKWEPLULB LISHfEoRBrSi ,r Mgeiyt,e " rCommodiatnidte hsPe o weorf PrayDeerv,e" lopamnedCn hta n2g9e( 1499)8 C,o pyr©i gIhnts tiotfSu otcei al , " Studies. Diaspo1r(aS1 p)r i1n9g9f 1o,Rro gReoru s"eM,e xiMciagnr atitohnSe o acnida l SpaocfPe o stmoids.em"r n DUKEU NIVERSPIRTEYS fSoU,rl Hfa nne"rNzo,to ents h Gel obEaclu meinne ," PublCiucl t1u2(r)Se p ri1n89g9C ,o pyr©i 1gh9t8J 9o;aG nr oDsas,vM icdM ur,r ay andTe dS weden"bAurragNb,o iasnedR amadNaing hRtasiR:,a pa ndF ranco­ MaghrIedbeiin etsii,tnD" i splacDeimaesnpaton,rdG a e ograopfIh dieenste idt.y , SmadLaarv ieT eaSdnw de denCbouprygr,©i 1gh9t9D 6u kUen ivePrrseiAstksyh; i l GuptaanJ da mes Fe"rBgeuyso'onCndu, l tSupraecI'eed:n, t iatnytd,h P eo liotfi cs We oswpee ctihaalnt koLs e oC havEevzDe, a r-iSamniJtihFm,e rguRsiocnh,a rd Diffeer,ie"nnC cultPuorwee,rP ,l aEcxep:l oraitnCi rointAsin ctahlrl oopgeoyd,. FloreMsa,u rBAeiirlh,lwO an gR,o ger RaonKudas Bye. ,W a rrfeontr h ewiorn der­ AkhGiulp atanJ da mFeesr guCsoopny,r ©i 1gh9t9D 7u kUen ivePrrseiAstisyh; w a fuslu ggesatnidhoe nlspi fnusli Wgehat rsae.l sdoe epglrya tteofo uuler d iatto r Ong",T hPea ciSfhiuct Ftalme,i:C l iytizeannsdCha ippi,Ct iarlsc u,ii"nFt lexible BlackJwaenHleul b,,e f ror ehnetrh ussiuapspotofitrc htp i rso jFeucrtt.h ewrem ore, CitizeTnhseCh uilpt:u Lroaglio cfTs ra nsnalttiiyCo,on payr©i g1h99t9 D uke wistho e xproeusras p precitaott hiaeo unt hwohross weo riks i ncluidne d UnivePrrseistsy. thviosl ufmoterh eir contdreivbeulttoihpoaeinn nstg h troo poofgl loogbya lization. FinlayJl,o natwhoaunll dit koet hatnhkRe o ckefFeolulnedraa tnitdoh Inen stitute ! PRINCETUONNI VERSPIRTEYS fSo,Lr i lAab u-Lug"hTohdMe,a rrioafg e foSro ciBaelh,a viaonrdEa clo,n oRmeisce a(rIcShB aEtRU )C S anBtaa rbara FeminainsIdms lamiinEs gmy pitnR, e"m ankgWi omenF:e minainsMdmo dernity fofru ndtihnpigrs o jtehcfeta ;c usittayaf,nf sd,t udaetnU tCs SDaineo 'gCse nter int hMei ddElaes etd,L. i Albau -LugPhroidn,cUe ntiovne Prrsei1st9sy9, 8 . fotrh Set uodfRy a caen Edt hnifcotirht eyhi ors pitaanldi rtheyis;se aasrscihs tants, ArthEulri zaarnodMv i cheMlaldes eCna macfhoor, thheeliipnrp reparing SAGPEU BLITCIAONfSo,Jr o natFhraine d"mGlaonb,ia zlatainoLdno calization," thmea nuscArnidRp etn.aw tios hteots h aMnakr Lyo uiPsreaa tnthd i cso lleagues inC ultIudreanlat niGdtl yo bParlo cSeasgPseu, b lic1a9t94io.n s, int hDee partomfeC nutl tuarnadSl o ciAanlt hropaotSl otgayn ffoortrdh eir support. TAYLOR FRANCfIoSMr,a yfMaeiir- Yhauni"g M,a Msesd ainaT dr ansnational & SuebcjtiivnSi htayn gihnaU in,gr"o uEnmdpeidrT ehsCe: u ltPuorlailot fMi ocdse rn Thee ditaonrdps u bligsrhaetrea fcuklnloyw tlhefedo glel ofwoiprne gr mistsoi on ChinTerasnes nnaatliioesdmA.,i hwOan ga ndD onaMl.dN oniNneiw,Y ork: reprocdoupcyerm iagthetr ial: Routle1d99g7e., THEA MERICAANN THROPOLOGAISCSACOLI AOTNI,f oVri ncaAndnaem s, UNIVERSOIFTC YA LIFORPNRIEAS fSo,Jr a meFse rguEsxopne,c taotfi ons "uSffetrhiWeni gn dosfL hasPao:l itBiocdiizHeeusdm, aR ni ghCtusl,t Duirffaelr ­ ModeirtnMyy:t hasnM de anngiosf U rbaLni foent hZea mbiCaonp perCboeplyt-, encaen,Hd u maniisnT mi beMte,d"i Acnatlh roogpQyo ualrte1r2(l1,yC ) opyright rig©h 1t9 9T9h eR egeonftt hsUe n iveorfsC iatlyi fornia. I © 199A8m eriAcnatnh ropoAlsosgoicciaDalot niaoLln.d;D onha"mF,r eeing SouAtfhir cTah:e' MordneizaotfMi aolne'- MSaelxeut yai lnSi owetCou,l"t ural UNIVERSOIFTC YH ICAGPOR ESfSo,Nr a ncSyc heper-"HTuhgGehl eosb,a l Anthroogpy1o 31l(,)C opyr©i g1h99t8 A meriAcnatnoh proloAgsiscoacli ation; TrafifnHi ucm aOnr ganCsu,r"rA enntth roogp4yo 1l(220)0 0. CarFlrae em"aDnse,i gnWionmge nC:o rpoDriastcei apnldBi naer badOofsf'­s shoPrien k-SceocltlCoaurrl, t"Au nrtahlor loop8g2(y)C ,o pyr©i 1gh99t3A merican UNIVERSOIFTM YI NNESAOP TRESfSoE,rr iMci cha"eHlosl,l yIwcooondo gra­ AnthropoAlsosgoicciaBalitM lialou nr,;"e ArF isSht oRreyt:h inGkliolnbigaz ation phyA: W arlpRieraid inignB, a"d A boirginAarltT :ra ditiMoend,i aan d onV irgin BGroirtVdiiasr,hgI isnl aAnmdesr,i"Ec tahnng oil2so7t3( )C,o pyr©i ght ACWKLGNEMTODESN · . XII TechnoloHgoirciazlUo nnisv,e orfsM iitnyn esPorte1as 9s4,9;A ;, jAupnp adurai, "DisjunacntdDu irfef erientn hcGee l obCaull tuErcaoln omm yM,o dernzty , atL argCeu:l tuDriamle nsoifoG nlsol biazaUtniiovne,or fsM im. tnye soPtrae ss, Introduction 1996. A Worldi nM otion ! JontaahnX aviIenrda an Rde natoR osdaol < Consitdhfeeor l lofwiisvnnega ps.h1o ts SnapsOhnoetI: nB arbaodnot sh,e dnattrfayl- oeooftr h Dea tAai orf f-shore informpartoicoenfs ascitiynml,go i rteh a1n0 w0o mesni attc lustceormepdu ter stateinotnesdr,ai tfnarg o smo m3e0 0,t0i0c0sk teutb so nfaeri orml 2i,n0ed0'a0si ly fligOhntefs l.ob oerl oawne, q unaulm boefwr o mewno raks" appr,oe"vn etresring datfar omme dicclaalis mesnf top rr ocebsyso innoegf t hlea rgiensstu rcaonmc­e paniient shU en itSetda tTehsef.ii rn gfelrys t ahnferd e nceltiiccok fki enyfgsi al ls vasatn dc hirloloyam s W alkmanw-ocmleawndo reki ghts-hhioafuttrv s i deo disptlearym itnyaplitsnot,g h l ea tdeusbct,a lyoprse oa,ss yt-elnisitnagt ion. SnapsThwoo:It nF ranNcoer,tA fhr iwcoamne n gaarteh efroaerw d e ddinagn in Avignboann liMeousoetf. the awrsoeim tetni ng on low wcaulaslth ions along the oneen odf rtehnetr eodoO ml.d weorm eanr dee ckoeuidtn l onegm,p ire-waisted, shiny polyedsrteesras leAigsldo g lmedar riraibnae glSeto sm.ye o unogneeras r e similcalraildn"y t radiotuitofnwiahtliso"l,t e h aerrsesp orstlianocgrkm si niskirts pluasc cessorgieeosm eetlaririkrceoi rnn gesc klhaucnwegis t mhi niaptausrtee l­ colopraecdi fiers. fSloeimwnef r owAmol mgeeenrs ipae cfioarl wlteyhd ed ing, whiolteh terrasv neolreftdrh o m Marosrse oiufltrlhoe Smst . EtRiapeirn onvei.d es mucht hosefo utnrda ckt hwfeeo drd fiensgt ivities. SnapsThhorteI enG: h anaaf ,e rvpeenntt ecopsrteaalcihsetr mweamrbneosrf s t he 2 hicsh uracbho utd atnhgeie mrbsu ienwd e stceormnm odiHteti eeltshl.esom ft he folloewxipnegr iendcaehy.e t ,hO penr eeh aecbro,u gahp ta iorfu nderpaattn htes locmaalr ket. Tshtea rdwtaeeyadr tihhneeg m heh abveisgneagxn ud arle aimns whihcehh aidn tercwoiutbrhe staeiu fluald ailetsh,oi undg ahil liyf wea sah leo ne. Onlayf tseorm tei mdei hde r ealtihzateth u en derphaandt sc atuhdsere eda ms; havitnhgr otwhnea mw ahye,s leupntd istbuysr ebdeudcw toimveTenh .pe r eacher • ITNROADW UOICRMNTLO IDTO INO:N 3 JTOHNXVAAAIINANAE RDNRTED RON O ASALDO 2 --.� ------------ th"eW esfti"nt dh emsehlovmeetsso hoas otfd iversseo maentdii nmceosm mensur­ conclhuidsset sob ryoy f fear irnegm endeyu ttrota hlei zdeai nngheerri engn oto ds: ablceu ltuTrheiissn. t ensioffig claotbmiaoolbn i laintdiy n terconnectedness has prayOenrl.ty h ropurgahy iesr p oists tiobp lree vaenno tb jedcets'tsr upcotwievres turnpelda cseusca hs F ranicnets op acoefjs u xtapoasnidmt iixotnu srpea,c es frollJe,idtoaswm naeglrii'nfsge . where dicsuplatrcuaortneevs e rge,a ncdgo rlalpiwpdiletee,h a coht heorf,ti enn conditoifro andsii cnaelq uality. 1 5 SnapsFhooutMr e:a nwhiinln eo,r thNeirgne trhiseai gohfat fooitm agoef Or tchaes eG hoafnH ae.rt ehp er eacehxehro'rst aabtoituohtnde sa ngoefwr ess tern Sriddeavnic,ei rnogt iocna ltslhcyer eoeftn hsoe p en-caiinre moarts h,te a lanlg,u lar (predomiNnoarntAthml eyr ican, Euwreospteecaronnm) m odihtiigehslt ihgeh t figoufrA em itaBbahc hcrhaadni acthianrgit shmrao tuhgsehn owcyr,a crkelcye p­ ambivaolfeG nhcaen aiaannidsn ,d eoefpd e opalreo utnhdwe o rltdot, h ien creasing tioonfd omestteilce vihsaivboeen c,o pmoew errfeuslo,n iamnatg iensH ausa glosbta�l. �d§lrodfci uzlatgtuoirooadntls a ,s atneds ,p raFc__r"to di moc tehs�."- f ��d'�J:id popuclualrt Sutriec.ok feI rnsd iana nfdsi tlamdrses c ortahtteae x ainsdb uses of , ,_ .... , , .",. . _. __.. ..�.. ._ _._ �. ,_ .. ,,.,. .. ,, "'_'_."" __ �_, .._.� .�, ...._ ,__,_�.c,. ,0," ••• • < mustioca ��hitfeicli'aiiinnrdt,e ef ,ei"vslon;itShldeierbney iiicfei:rhta(atwi ens tern) the npoorstthoe,fIr nsd ifainla mdso trhnwe a lolfts a ilsohrosap'ns dm echanics' �tyTes biiS:i:cioCIca::(';'Ola:'NfCDonalds:M icros()ft", and Caiviu-j(leTn;L evNiisk;e - garagaensdl, o vseo ngs frofmi lsImon ndgisab noa rrreo bwye dr eligious singers J::�!9 h<:tc:_'1:�i�!:::.e._!?,<=>, aplr ominseomn ucceph,r ominienn cfteah,cta tht,e c yab nef oulld whoc hantghewe o rdtsos inpgr aitsote hsPe r opMhoehta mmed. . ?:i� racti�c.atllylewy' int1ietwhofidlsdo 'ow:fc A osm modciotniteisan puae�as�si , t 12 keeps-acccteratintgh ceu ltluirnatelhs ac to nntehcet wboerclodm e acr-ogsolTsle-;U ie Snpas hFoitv Aen:di nE gypmta,n sye cullairbiesprtra olgsr,e sasni"dvf eesm,i nists" evemro rdee nse and massi nccornesabusemicpnotgmailpe oyrsn i mmaerdyi aitno r featrh awto menr'isg ahrtneso wu ndtehrr eTahtes.ye sei gonfts h iinst hger owing th"ee ncoubnettewrpe"ee onp alnecdsu ltfurroeamsr outnhdpe l anet. populianrt ihlteay ts wtod ecaodfte hse fnoerwom fs dcraelsIlsse lda omrmi ocd est .�_ Thetnh eirNsei geTrhiepa o.p ulaofrI intdyif ainlh me raec centtuhaietn ecsr eas- hijab. dreasnsdt haed optiinpo anr tiocfut lhfaeor r omfh eacdo vercianlgtl heed ini_g!11aPIlces99f!ht,e!1t1.�.giiAn allowing Hausa avsti heegwyoae broust to partake, Thlea twtaeisr n stitutiintoh nreae lviezrtesomdi o ornce o nserpveartsiosvnteaa lt us i theeivre ryldiaviyen s ,it mhaeg irneeadl oifot tihecesur l tuMroerssep. e ciftihcea lly, lawasn dp ubliciincz aeldml asd ei np arliament,a nmdto hsmeqe udeifsao, r snapsshhogt'Y s_lY_'D'_thI�n:difainl pla11rst.i ciintp haet ed icaolnosgtircuo cft ion womenr'est utrotn h heo maen tdh e"itrr adit"inoo-nnwa els,t"e rnized" roles. Hauspao pulcaurl tufroterh, e oyf fHearu smae na ndw omeann a lternative /-Web egwiintt hh essnea psbheoctasua tsag e e,n elreavtleh lei,yl lusntircawethleayi t s worlndo,at l toguentlhiekre o wtnhf,er iowrmh icthh emya ye nvisnieowfn o rms . ./ nowc ommoknnloyw nno,lt e aisnat n thropocliorgcailsgce lasol,b aliTzhaittsei romn . offashbieqanul,to yv,ae n,drolllaInncdeif.ai nlt mhsu s pHraeus(seaanntod t her ref(esrism fponlroy w t)ot hien tensioffgi lcoaibtnaitloe nr connseucgtgeedasn teisnsg, non-wesvtieerwnwe)ir tsah m eanosfc reateinvgealgywi intfgho romfst radition f � I worlfduo lflm ovemeanntdm ixtucroen,ta ancdlt i nkages, and persistent cuilftffurerortamehl ne otiw rnb uwth icdhon oetm anaftreot mh Wee st,e ffihenic gth -"\ . (' ) interaacntdeix ocnh aIntsg pee.a iknos t,h weorr dtsot, h ceo mplmeoxb ilaintdi es lighhtoiwtn hgce i rculoafmt eidowinai thainnbd e twneoenn- wecsotuenrtnhr aises \ . , , \ intercontnhecachtta iroancstt hegerl iotzboeed Tahyge.e nepriacltt uhr'seen saep shots �b ecoamnem creasImmgployr atsapneotcf gt l obcaull tfulroawls . i conjiutsrh euo sfa ni ncreaisnitnegrlcyo wnonrelIcditto.s ef adw orldw hebroer ders -.A ndf inaElglyypT th.ef eaerx prebsyss eedc ullairbiesartba olutsth f ea toef ! >/ ,\ anbdo undahraivees- beicn,cormeeap soirnogaullsyl, o wmionragen mdo rpee oples, womenr'isg hhtisna ttst h ter oubrleelda tiboentswhefieepnm inainsdcm u lt'u\r al \ :\ < ancdu lt�uobr eec sa isnt;t i nteann�id�m medcioanttaew(:itte ha cn6i:.li er. i natiorin:ia'la:i-sieJaitIl.lwohnic:s"hhi i'hpwe om aqnu esteixocn1t:"e s po1lit:i caf' aJ:id \ Wea lsco�mmenwciett hh essnep�� ·h<:lbtc��ausaeta, l Ilore;lpeevdefli,c each ideolosgtircuagflgr laemisent d e ronfcl usl tauurtahle nvteircfsioutrsye ign ..i nfluence <'. '-'higahplairgthitcmsuo lbairlo irct uyl tfulroa-wlr especotfic vaeplipyte,ao lp,l e, Theirtseh uasni mportteannstii nEo gny (patn edl sewahbeortueht)pe r opreorlo fe commodiitmiaegsae,ns di, d eol-otghirecs"m,g1h1 iscphatchoeefts h gel oabree womeinns ociIeittas yt .e nsbieotnw teheonws heos eetkop lawcoem ene'mns c ipa.­ bccoming-'increasiTriagklfeYo,-er ix rihiatm\ptvlhiecen,a e sodefB. a rbaTdhoes . tioil;hdoe\fvieanvtete dhrc,e e ntoeftr h feo rmaotfit ohnnea tiaonndt howsheo SCeoIl.f\e v oll1deenf ttylpyi inntg h "eo peno fafioirfDc" ae t Aai irl lustraatse s how, woulcdai lnltq ou estsiuocanhp rojaesc{iatnl iWeens tiemipnositisonna.p·sThhoits � technoloofcg oimemsu nicaantdti roann spohratvameta idocena pimtoarlae n d can therseefeaonsar nei nbset oafntcee_ gl(;tJ:otL<:o:if!w £e_sutiledaretnoi lo-:­ong ies _ worldvleawss';';fcr;';he,;: edo mormeo bitlhese,e artcorh e dutchece o sotfsp roduchtailsoe ncd o rporations mosotf tmeand uep o fe lemeonftt hsEe n lightenment' fartahnedfr a rtahfeirer leds,u litnai rnagp sihdi offlt a bor-initnednussitvrei al welfrairgehd,te sm,o craancsdyo ,v er.-e iagnondftt yhc eu ltiunrtaelr conanlelIc dt'i�o ns producatnidso enr vwiocrefk r otmh e UnSittaetJdea sp,aa nn,wd e stEeurrno tpoe t"..e. n ...s . t.i. ho.. ran...et s.s a.u.stl hte isdee .o loglioecsa liainvrz aeer dip oluasac reosu tnhwdeo rld,./' newa ndhi ghdliys pelroswe-dw saigtaeer so utnhdge l obPel.a cseusca hsB arbados Web egwiintt hh epsiec tutrheebsne,,c atuhsepeyr ovuiswd iet hn iacp ea noramic havteh ubse conmoed ienst hrea piddelvye loapniden vge r-dennseetnwioonrfgk vieowft hweo rolfdg lobaliIztia astw ioornol.fdm otionc,o mopfli enxt erconnec­ tioHnesr.ce a pittraalv efrrsoensta ilemroessf tf ortdlreaswsimlnoygr,a e n dm ore capiitnatle rcontnheaectpt iitoontmshi mezo ed ewronr ld. Ort akteh cea soefF ranTcheew. o meinn t hAev ignobna nlireepuree tsheen t places into doeffn isnea nincneittaewlro croknsn peecotprileoean d(sia;ll yt hough extenpsoisvte- WWoarrIl mIdo vel'onfepn otp ulaftriootmnh lsee asfsf lpuaerntts of certanionftlr yea enldwy i thdoiuftf iccuuatlc tryon)sa st iobnoauln datruirensi,n g thgel oibnett ohm ea juorrb caenn toeftr hs"e d evelaonp"ded de"v elonpaitnigo"n s; counttleersrsi itnotsropi aecwseh se rvea rious cultureasn sdct ornuvgegrlgee , clash, (three sultt hbapetei onpgal necdsu ltfuorremse lrolcyai tnde idf fepraerontftts h e witeha coht hecro;m modidtriibefrsti skloyn lefo rcoamtl oai ntoyt hbeerc,o ming­ (,wonrolwfd i ntdh emseilnvheasb itingp htyhseti ecsraarlma aein ntdsh s,ep acoefs primmaerdyi aitno retsnh ceo ubnettewrec eunlt udriasltolatynh tei rmsa;gf elsi cker JONXVAAIITNAEHRDNRANEAD NAR TOOS ALDO 4 ITNROADW UOICRMNTLO IDTO INO:N 5 ,q uicfkrloysm c reteosn c reperno,v ipdeionpgwl iet rhe soufrrcoewmsh ictho conjuncntautruoarfgle l obalization. nIotjt u isst pwrietohtc hcmeua ppipeidn g fashnieown waybsei inongft h weo rladn;di deolcoigriceusrl aaptitedh lryo ugh shatpe . ever-expandifnugr ncifisorhdcidunfeigosrt rt s r,u gcgoluecshi entd e romfsc u ltural thactn ssctrhogesl so bbeu,at l swoi tthh eex perioefpn ecoepsll iev iinns gp ecific akebny ptahret ifcluolowafcsr a pipteaolp,gl oeo,d s, ainmdia dgeeosl,o gies authenvteircsiutsy ifnofrleuiTeghnnec ep.i tchtuudsre essc arw iobreil ndw hica h localwihteimneo sra en dm oroef t heeivre ryldiavayer sce o ntinognge lnotb ally myrioafdp roceospseersa,ot ni nggal obsacla cleea,s elceusatsc lryon sast ional extenssoicvipear lo ce(sFsoess1t 9e9r9 W)h.a9at n thropooflfoteghryasi t s often boundairniteesg,r aantdci onngn ecctuilntgua rnedcs o mmuniitnni eewss p ace­ lackiinno gt hdeirs ciplai cnoensc raietstt ee ntitvohe unmeasansg entcoyt ,h e 'ticmoem binaatnid"o mnask,it nhwgeo rilndr ealaintidyn e xperimeonricene t er­ practiecveesr ylodifaif ynse h,o troht o,w s ubjmeecdtista htpeer oceosfgs leosb aliza­ connec(tHead1l"9l 9 661:9 )T.h3es yp eoafka ni ntenisnetleyr conwnoercl-dt ed rron(poviheTITandCliTahuutnsopc reoYv1ai9nad9 ne9t )h.r opoilnotgriocda.ulc tion onew hertehr ea pfildo owfsc apipteaolp,gl oeo,di sm,a gaensd, idedorlaowg ies tog lobaliiztsao ft oicoauntos n coent hlea rge-psrcoacle(eso sfrel soo wfss u bjects moraen mdo roeft hgel oibnet o owfie nbtse rconcnoemcptrieoosnus,sri e nngos fe anodb jetchtrso)wu hgihtc hhwe o rilbsde comiinncgr eaisnitnegrlcyo annnoden c ted � timaen d sapnadmc aek,i tnhgwe o rfledse mla lalneddr i stancesT hisishts oh ret er. h(l\ivi;__�cgJ§'tJ:(�G)h.epssrpeo()cnedisncs uelst usrpaelclwiy�f yiT�ch: i isps r ecisely worolfdg lobalization.4 whatth bioSo dko eTsh.ae r tiocflfeehsre erndei atph\ ev rlodo fg lobaliiznawa atyi on A few woofrc dasu thioowne,v Tehre.ir sne o d outbhta tthw eo rlasda w holies , thahti ghlhiugmhatansg enacnyid m aginTahteiayor anes . e lecotfti hboeen cs rti tical ·. experiesnhtriianlTklwieynn gt.i eth-icnennotvuairtntyi e ocnhsn -oplaorgty ic·ul·a·r ly anthropowloorgki cparloo dngu lcoebda liszianttchieleo a n1t 9e8 0ss oIo.itr ws o rk \ I int ransportcaotmimounn iacn-adht aivmoean d ieet a sainedr qufiocprke eorp le thahtab so tchr eaatneddde veltohpaeen dt hropoofgl loogbya lizTahtebi ooonk. lo andt hintgogs e atr ouIntdi .sn onte cesstahrceia lstyeh ,o utghha,tt h e wiosr ld thereffuorrnei asb hleesno fdn eww ritainndog l do,ft hlea t"ecsutt ting-edge" shrinfkoiernv ge ryaonndie na lpll ac(eAsl lanednH a mne1t9t9 5T)h.ee xperience matearnida lbt ehspeti oneewroirnkg. ofg lobaliizsaa r taitohunen re vperno ceFsoisrn .s tawnhciesl,oe m pee opmlaey Int hree stt hoiifns t rodcuhcatpo,wrt eye rpreams oernceto mprehveinesowif v e posstehspeso litaincdea clo normeisco utrotc reost acwroorslsmd a,tn mhyoe r e globalitzhaaotnfi foenar beodvF ei.r wsetp ,r ovaim doer eel abodreaftien ition of havlei totrl ean coc etsos traannsdmp eoarnotsf c ommunictahtpeir oinoc:fae n globaliWzeas tuigogtneh.sa ttth t ee rimm plsioemse thmionrrgea diacbaolu t the airptliacnokerea p t h onceai ljslu tsotho i gfhot rh eAmn.dm orgee nertahlelaryre,e wortlhda tnhm ee rfea ocfti ncreasiinngt egrlcoobnanlei pctot iendtnabse a sstsoi: c laregxep ansesp loafno enttlth yae n genttiieiadnl ttlohy e weibnst eorfc onnection reorganiozfta itmaieno dsn p acGei.v en motrheeix st endseifvien, iw teti hoenn ' . thaetn comptahgsels o Abcec.o rtdoi nJgAo lhlnae nnCd h rHiasm neftoter,x ample, conSItdhceeur l tduyrnaalm oifgC lso baliTzhaiitssti horene .a olfmg lobaaclt ivity wholaer eaAsf roif"c aar e lqiutietorefa fl layl olf m akpi-snm dasp osf telecom­ thahtaa st tratchmteoe sdat n thropoaltotgeincItantil hol ena .ss etc twieop nr,o vide municatmiaoponsfws o,r tlrda adnefd i namnacpeos,fg lobtaolu rainstdmh e like" ab rioevfe rvoifte hwre e adaenrpd o itnost o moefi tlsi mitations. (19925):S. u5c h plahcaevsfe e tcwhi urscc uointnse ctthietnmog anywhere, only �. routoefcs o mmunicaantdti roann spotrhtaaptta isoosvn eo rr thrtohuegTmhh. e . .,:'' '. poihnetr teh,e inst, h awth itlhee worlbdef umolaflcy o mplmeoxb ilaintdie,s \ The Spaancde sT iomfGe lso biazlation .. interconntehceatrrieaeo l nsqsou, i atn eu mboefrp eopalned pwlhaocseeesx peri- ,; , ... enciesm argitnoao lre xclufdreodtm h emsoev emeanntdls i nIknsd.e neodt,' . Earlwieed re fi"ngeldo balirzaatthsieiormn p"al sty h ien tensioffig claotbiaoln everyaonndee v erypplaarctei ceiqpuaatilentls hy ce i rcoufii nttse rcontnheJc't"i on � interconneTcobt ees dunrteehs,iis sis. n l arpgaerw th agtl obaliizsaa latlbi oount . travtehrgesl eo bAen.dt hitso,oi ,s theo fgw loorbladl ization. Thew orltdo diasyw itnesasnii nntge nsioffic ciartcoiufeoi cnto sn opmoilci,t ical, Thep urpoofst ehr iesa dietsro p rovaindi en trodtuoct thwiioosrn ol fdg lobaliza­ cultuarnadel c,o logiinctaelr depeTnhdiiessna c weo.r lidn whtihcreha dical tiotnot, h iwso rlodfc omplmeoxb ilaintdi es( uneven) inMtoerrec onnections.6 acceleirnta htfeil oonow fcs a pipteaolp,gl oeo,di sm,a gesi,d eaonld-o sguibejse cts specifiiotcf aflaelnry s,a nthrotpaokolenos guicacwh ao lr lTdh.e bioason ek x ercise anodb jeicnt ss,-h aocrrtot shfsea coeft hgel ohbaes breovuetgnhhm eto srte mote int haen thropoofgl loogbya lizOafc toiuornas.ne7t, h ropoalronego ittsh otens l y parotfst hweo rlidnc ontwaicttmh e tropocleinttaHenor wse.v gelro,b alization oneisn teretshtiiessds Suiienn.t c hele a 1t9e8 o0rs gsloo,b alihzabaset ciooomnne e suggesosmtest mhuicnmhgo rper ofoaubnodtu htme o dewronr ld tthsheia mnp le oft hmeo sitm poratcaandte tmoipci cst.h uacIs et n ticrsoa nlc oefqr un iatn eu mber facotfg rowignlgo bianlt erconneIctit mepdlanif eeussns d.a mernetoarld ering of ofd iscipflrionme ss,o caineodcl oongoymt oim cesd iaan dli tesrtaurdyAi netsh.r o­ timaen sdp acWeew. o ulldi tkoeo ff,te hreanm ,o rteh eorettaikocenga llo baliza­ polohgoyw,e ,vb errinaug nsi qpueer spetcot iboveneta hre tTohpeti ecn.d eonfc y tioonn,te h adtr awfsr otmh e wooftr hkte w oa uthwohrohs a vbee scta ptutrheids mucohft hlei teroangt luorbea liiztsao ft oicoounnst hmea crsoc oopfte h peh enom- proforuenodr ganoifzt aitmaieno dsn p acDea:v iHda rvaenyAd n thoGniyd densY enotnh,i nkoifin tpg r inciipnta elrlomyfsv ery laregceo-nsocpmaoillcei, t oirc al, . , cultpurroacle Asnstehsr.o poolnto hgoeyt ,h hearn ids,m oscto ncerwnietdh the ' . 1 , ,1 � articuolfta htei ognl otbhalelo catanhldai, ts w ,i thh() �_ 1<:l�Al?E5?Ei.t:�_isn.g���!..:_ " � � � Speediintgu p . 7 in the ocfao,nn mdtu esxctto mteot erWmist thh,re e alotftp laerst ISCOuCliaerti i'"e s, / witthh �i;acc�-mtuhliaasttt o e dhs iasyt oricala-n-'dwc auyolsftl u irfTeehs.e 8 .'. DaviHda rv(e1y9 8c9o)n ceptgulaolbiazleispz raitnicoianpsa a m lalnyi fesotfa tion anthropoofgl loogbya liiznoa tthiweoornr ,di ssc;once�riltltheh dse i tuaantde d thceh angeixnpge rioeftn icmaeen sdp acHeec. a ptutrhceihssa nigne ntohtei oofn JONXAAITVANAHI RNDAENEDNRAR TOOS ALDO 6 ITNROADW UOICRMNTLO IDTO INO:N 7 "time-csopmapcree swshiiocrnhe, f"te ort shm ea nnienwr h icthhs ep eeduipon fg centrafliirzomersdi enttoewda rmdassp sr oducttosi moanl l, decfeinrtmrsa lized econoamnisdco cpiraolc ehsasesex sp eriesnhtriutanhlkgel l yo bseot, h adti stance orienttoewdan ridcsmh aer keatnscd;a pihtaabsle colmeeas nsc horaer de saousfl t andt imneol ongaeprp etaobr e m ajocro nstroanti hnoetr sg anizoafht uimoann thdee reguolfat thgielo onb failn anmcairaklTe hti.fs l exiibasii lmieatdtry e ducing actiIvnio ttyhw.eo rr dtsh,te e rpmo inttohs o wt hper essouftr eecsh nolaongdi cal thteu rnotviemorefc apitthael :a mooftu inmtne e cesfsoamrro yn efyu rnitsoh ed econocmhiacn hgaevc eo ntincuoallllatypi smeed s apnadcr ee,s ulitnti hnaegn ni­ funnde wp roducttoi robenec ovweirteahpd r otfhirto tuhgseha loefs ervaincde s hilaotfsi poanbc yet imient: h ree organoifzt aitmieins o unca h waasyt oo vercome goodso.t hIwenor r dtsh,ge o ailst os peuepdt hper ocoefbs ost phr oducatnido n thbea rriers (oofnb ers iepexafac mep.olf te h icso lliaspt shfeea ct tihsna otw, it consumpftoiaros,tn h,oe l cda pitaadlaisgsaety t si,m em oinseo yrr, a tthiemrce o sts possfiobfrlo el iknLs o ndtoone xperitehsneac mete h isnagay,m edieav eonrta moneTyh.u osn fei ntdhsap tr actsiuccsehus b contarnaodcu ttisnogu arscw ienlagls, busintersasn sacttihsoean m,te i amates p eopilne Tha(iWlaatn1ed9r 9s)5 .F )o r othoerrg anizsahtiifoctnosau,lp lweidtn he wt echnoloofeg lieecst croonntirco l, , Harvtehye,gn l,o baliiznavtoiltohv"nees sh rinokfsi pnagac"ne d sthhoer teonfi ng ; havael dle cretausrendo tviemrie nsm any doomfap irnosd uc(tei.cogln.o ,t hing, timIete. n tatihlsesp eeduipon fgt hpea coefl ifseu,ct hh attht ei mtea kteond o electraountiocmso,bm ialcehsit,no eo ls,c onasntdr .uM cotrieoonvi)emrp,r oved thinagsws e,l alst heex perideinsttiabanelc tew edeinf felroecnatti inso pnasc e, modeosfc ommunicaantdii nofno rmattoigoentw,hi etrrha tionaliinmz eatthi­ons becomperso gressshiovreFtloeyhrr i .m i,ns umg,l obaliizsia nttiiomnla itnekleyd odosf d istri(beu.tigin.ov,ne nctoonrtypr aoclk,a gainndmg a,r kfeete dbhaacvke) , witthhi en tensiafnidc astpieuoepnod fti inmge -scpoamcper eisnse icoonn oamnidc madiept o ssfiobcrlo em modittomi oevse artohurnodtu hgmeha rkseyts taetam socliiafle . fasptaecre ; twenty-ffoiunra-nshceoiruavrlai- ncadme- asdr akyhe atvsie n creased Thipsr ocoefst si me-scpoamcper es(sainhoden n coefg lobaliHzaartvieoyn ), thmeo biloifct ayp iatnadlt ;h meo bilizoafft aisohnii non ni cmhaer kehtass arguiesns o,at g radourac lo ntinuous Roactchuierttrra ,ek pnelcsae ic.nde i screte facilais tpaeteedid-nt u hpe opfacc oen sumpitnci loont hoirnnga,m eanntadsc ,r oss phasoefss h oarntcd o ncentbruartsTethdsew . o raltda npya rtimcoumleainrnts o t aw idrea nogfer ecreaatcitoinvailt ies (aen.dpg o.lpm,i u fsesi-tcsy tllyeelsie,ss u re thper odoufca ts mooltihn ceoamrp reosfsti iomanen ds pacbeu,tth ree soufla t ands porthianbgia tnsdv, i daenodc hildren'Isnt hgpiaosms ets-)F.po hradosifes t mordei sconthiinsutoouursni fcoalldT ihnegse.er uptoifot nism e-space compres­ capitatlhriees gmi,om ffe l exaicbcluem ulraetii-gownnhs e tihnet rhr ee aolfmh i gh sioHna,r vneoyt ceasbn,e a ttritbotu htee dp ecrriioosdfoei vsce raccumtuhlaatt ion finanpcreo,d ucstyisotnec mosn,s umpotril oanb,mo arr ke-tasn dt hpea coef plagtuhceea pitsaylsitTseotdm a.y w'osr ld, forii sni j nussstutac anhp c hea,so en,e econoamnidsco cliiafle g ehnaesra aclcleyl erated. thastt ardtuerdit nhegea r1l9y7 0(sH ar1v9e8y19 4:1 -7I2bt)e .g waint ah crisis of Them aiinm plicoafat litloh nii sts h afto,Hr a rvweeya ,r ceu rrecnatulgiyhna t overaccumiuntl haFeto irodni sto fsm yassptsre omd ucotfwi eosnt eecronn omies. particiunltaernlsye omfto immeen-ts pace cTohmegp erneessrpsaeileo din-n.tu hpe Thissy stbeams,oe nd HeFnorrydm 'osd eolfc entramlaiszse-da spsreomdbulcyt ion turnotviemorefc apiitsra alp isdhlryi nkiwnogr lTtdih.mei e sq uicaknlnyi hilating ofs tandarpdriozdeuhdca tdbs e,c osmoes ucceasnsdef fufli ctiheainttbt e gatno spacHeep. u ttsh iinst hfeo llotweirnmgs : overprordeuscueli,tnt i hnmega ssliavye- oofwf ofr kearnsde, f fecrteidvuecliyn g demanfdo r proCdouncstusmm.ea rr ketthsub se cacmoem plestaetluyr Aantde d. Thes ateclolmimtuen icsaytsitodenemsps l osyientdch eee a r1l9y07 sh avree ndetrheuedn it sintchee wreer neo etn oucgohn sumteobr usty h egsoeo dcso,r poprraotfbeie tgsa n cosatn dt imoefc ommuniciantviaornwi iatnrhte spteocd ti staIntcc oes.tt hsse a mteo tod eclwihnieci,hnt urpnr ecipaif taailtngle o dv ernrmeevnetn Tuheimsse. a ntth e communiocvae5tr0e 0 maisil dteo seo sv e5r, 0v0i0sa a teAlilfrir teeir.ga htoten cs o mmod­ onsoeftf ispcraolb lfeomgrso vernmwehnoct osn,s equfeonutnildtiy n creasingly itiheasv e lickoemwdeio swedn r amat,iw chaiclloleny tainehrairsze adtuitcohenced o sotf bulskea an rdo atdr ansIpitons ro twp. o ssfiobrll eaa rm guel tinactoiropnoarllai tTkieeox na s difftiocs uulsttt ahiecnio rm mitmteotn htew ierl fparroeg ramsa.t tTehmetpyot ed Instrutmoeo nptesrp altaenw tists hi multadneecoiussi onw-imtarhke isnptgeofc itn ancial, soltvhepe r oblem pripmrainretixiltnymrg oa bn ye byu,tt h oinsl syei tnm otiao n markientp,cu ots qtusa,l ciotnyt arnodl ,l parbooccreo snsd itiontsh afinin f dtmiyof rfee rent wavoef u ncontroilnlfalbaTltheii ocsnr .ij sairsrt ehFdeo rdsiysstt em to such a locataicornoss gsl otbMheaes. ts e levoiwsnieornsc hoiuppw lietdsh a teclolmimtuen ication degrteheat th meo deolfm aspsr oduc(twihoinec nht airliegdi d arrangements makeispt o sstiob leex pearr iuesonhfic mea gfersod mi ffesrpeancte s sailmtmuaolnseto usly, betwetehsnet actaep,i taalnidws otrsk,te orm sa inthaiiglnhe voefle sm ployment, collatphsweio nrgls dp'asci ensta os eroifie msa goenas t elevisiTohnew hsoclwreoe relnd. investamnedcno tn,s umpbteicoanum)ne r aveled. cawna tcthhO el ympic GaWmoerslC,du ptt,hh feea olfla d ict,a ptaoo lritsiumcmaialt , Ini tpsl atchee,hr aees m ergape ods t-Froergdioimfsfe tl exaicbcluem ulTahtiiso n. deadtlrya g.e.wdhy.i mlaes tso urifsimlm,ma sd ien specltoaccautmliaaokrne ws i,ad r ea nge regiamcec,o rtdoiH nagr vey,o n"f rleesxtiwsbi itlrhie tsypt eolc atb porro cesses, ofs imuloarvt iecda reixopuesr ioefwn hcaettsh e wcoornltdaa ivnasi ltaomb alnepy e ople. labmoarr keptrso,d uacntdps a,t teorfcn osn sumpIttii sco hna.r actbeytr hiez ed (Har1v9e8y2 99:3 ) emergeonfec net inreewsl eyc toofpr rso ducnteiwwo any,os fp rovifdiinnagn cial servinceewms a,r keatnsda,,b ovael l, girnetaetnlsryia ftoiefesc d o mmercial, Thew ortlodd aiyno, t hweorr disss,u bjteotc htce o ncurirmepnltoo sfsi poanac ned technolaongdio cragla,n izaitninoonvaa(lt1 i9on8"9 : 14e7x)a.m pllFaeob,ro r thsep eedo-fau lpfl a coefte sc onoamnidsc o cliiaflYe e.ss ,p aicsse h rinTkhien g. markehtasvb ee cofmlee xtihbrloeu tghhie n troduocfnt eiwof no rmosfl abor pacoefl iifsse p eeduipnT.gh et imtea kteond o thiisbn egcso mpirnogg ressively regul-aotuitosno urscuibncgo,n trpauctttiinnaggn,-d" o huotmw eo rks"t rategies shorTtheewr o.r lidns, h oirswt i,t nestshiienn tge nsioffit hcceao tmiporne osfs ion -andt he hoifrl ianrnggu em beorfts e mporpaarryt,- atnidsm eea,s ownoarlk ers; timaen ds pacAen.ds oa,s t hweo rld atpops eharriasnn kdd istasneceemsi ngly producatriroann gehmaevbneet cso mmael leoawbilntegoa s hiafwta fyr ormi gid diminaishs ahp,p eniinon ngpesl accoem teoi mpaicnts tantaonne opueasonlpdyl e JNOAXTVAHIIANAENRDNRA EAD RTN OOS ALDO ITNRTOIADWO UONICRM:NLO DT ION 9 8 placmeisla ewsa y",w eh avteol eahronwt oc opwei tahno verwheslemniosnfeg workmearysb em ordee penodnet nhtse a olfeB arbiinte hsUe n itSetda ttheason n compreosfos uisrop na tainadtl e mpowroarll (dHsa"r 1ve89y92 :4 0e;m phaIIIs Is thdei raecctti oofln osc al manTahgiedsmo eensno tmt.e anh,o wervt,e haptl a(coer locahlaecs)e asteobd e s ignifiintc haoenr tg anizoafet vieorny daIyts ilmipfley. oriagli)n. meantsh aatss occioanln ectionlsa teexratacelrnlotdysi sma en ds pacleo,c alities aroutnhdwe o rbledc olmees s depecnidrecnutm sootfcna o n-cperse sefnaccee ­(on Stretchiiton ugt to-fiancteet riaoacnn)dm oroen i nteraacctrioodsnisss ta(nocrnee latwiiotnhs abseontths e)Fr.o Gr iddetnhse,gn l,o balipzoaitntitotos hn ie n terloofc kithneg AnthoGniyd delnisHk,ae r vceoyn,s igdleorbsa litzoia ntviooalpn vr eo foruenodr ­ locaanldt hgel obtahlai;tsi ,t" conctehrienn st ersoefpc rteisoenan ncdae b sence, ganizaotfi otanin mdse p aicnes ociaanld cultural wlhiifHleae.r vHeoyw ever, thien terloafsc oicneigva eln atnsd sroecliaatl'i aaotd n iss tawnictleho' c caoln ­ focuosnet shg ee nesrpaele do-feu cpo noamnisdco cpiraolc eGsisdedsei,nsm s o re textua(l91i9t21ie1:Is) n"s. h ogrlto,b aliezxaptriebosanss aeisscp eocfst psa ce-time preoccwuiptitheh dse t retocfhs ioncgli iaaflce r otsisma en ds pacGei.d decnasp ­ distancIitia sft uinodna.m eanbtoatulhtlte yr ansforomfsa ptaiaconendt ime. turtehspi rse occuipnta htneio otnio of"n t ime-dsipsatcaen cwihaitcriehof nte,or" s "thceo ndiutnidownehsri cthi maen dsp aceo ragraen sioaz set doc onnpercets ence Thet wop erspesckteitvcoehuseat db ouvned oubctoendtlaayn i unm boefrs ignifi­ ( 109:19 4T)h.eb asaircg umietsnh ta t soccoinasloi ftsl wtiobsf a es ic candti ffereFnocoreu spr.u Ir2p ohsoewsee,rv w,e watnott a kteh eams c omple­ anadb sence" kinodfs sionctiaelr aTchtefi iorensn.tt afialcse -tcoo-nftaHacecertp e.e opelneg age mentvaireyw poTiognettsht.eh reh yi ghltihbgeah stpi rce,s enstp-adtaiya l-temporal direwcittlehya coht haesrt hegyoa boutth eeivre ryldiavye s ianr oefw theant parameotfe rgsl obaDlriazwaiotnnitg oh nwe.o rokfD aviHdel edta l(.1 99195,:) closbeoluyn dleodcs apla cTehses. e cofnodrc mo nsoifsm otrsre e moetnec ounters, wes uggtehsagttl obaliczoantsoiifostn thf seo llocwhianrga cteelreimseFtniitrcss .t thomsaed e posstirbalnesa pnbodcyr o tm municsaytsitoetnmhsso t,sh eap te ople ofa lgli,v tehnde e velopomfwe onrtl dwmioddeeo sft ransapnocdro tm munication, engaignae c rosspsaa cnetd i mTeh.ef irtsytpo efi nteratcetntidopos rn e domiinn ate globaliizmaptlaiis oepnse eduipon fgt hfel oowfsc apipteaolp,gl oeo,di sm,a ges, . premodseorcni eTthieesaser.se o cieitnwi heisct hh" es padtiimaeln SoIfSO OnCsI al anidd eaacsr otshse wtohrulsd ,p otioan g teinneigrn aclr ienat shpeea coefg lobal liafrefe o,mr o sotft hpeo pulaatniidon mn o,s rte spedcotmsi,n abty'e pdr es-ence' interaacntpdir ooncse Ssesceosin.std u ,g gaensi tnst ensioffti hcleai tnimkoosnd, e s byl ocalaiczteidv (ipt1.i)8 eW.sit "h t haed veonfmt o dernhiotwye�,,vt ehsee cond ofi nteraacntdfi loontw,hs a itn tercotnhnweeo crtlm de,a nitnhgat ti easc ross sorotfs ociianlt ercboeucrosmieen sc reaismipnogrltyMa ondte.r mtteya trhse. bordaerrneso stp oraodrhi acp hazbausrtod m ewrheagtu laTrhiizrgedld,o. b aliza­ spatoirabolif st o cliiaaflwe a fyr om ctohnef ionfle osc a"lfiotsyt,r eerliantgi ons tioenn taais ltsr etocfhs ioncgic aull,t uproalli,ta incedac lo,n opmriacc taiccreoss s betwe'eanb soetnhtel'ro sc,a tidoinsatflarlnoyatm n y giveno ffs aicteu-attoi-ofna ce frontsioae sr st o pmoaskseai cbtlieo and iastt- atnhcaeit ss ,ot hahta ppenings, intera(cpt1.i8 oI)nno." t hweorr ds, it odrli isfoetumsstbo ecdisa l rferloma tions decisainopdnr sa,c tiinoc neaesr eoaft hgel ocbaecn o mteoh avceo nsequfeonrc es loccaoln teoxfit nst eraacntdri eoanr ratnhgeaemcs r oesxst ensspiavonefst ime­ communaintcdiu elst iunrr eemso ltoec aolfte hsge l oAbne.df inaalsalr ye,s oufal ltl spacOen.ei mporetfafnoetftc htdi iss embeidtsdo mi ankgpe l a"cweh,i ch troe fers thsipse eduipin,ng't ensifainsdct arteitocgnhl,io nbagl,i azlasitomi polanih eesi ght­ thep hysisceatlt oifns gosc iaaclt iavsis tiyt uagteeodg raphiinccarlelays,i"n gly ened entaonfg lgtelhmoeeba nantlld o calt hsauwtch,hi e lvee rymoingech otn tinue phantasm(apg1.o)8 rT.ih cim se ans tchoantd,i toiifnmo ondse rnliotcyaa,lr ees tol ilvoec lailv tehse,pi hre nomweonrallhd asvt eo seoxmtee bnetc ogmleo baasl hauntseotd os, p eabkyt, h awth iicahsb seTnhte.ayr ceo nstintoujttu besydtw hat disteavnetnc tosmt eoh avaeni mpaocnlt o csapla caensld,o cdaelv elopcmoemnet s isi mmediparteeslbyeu nattl sboy inflquueirnteceme osv ferdot mh emM.o dern toh avgel obraelp ercusAslitloo nlgsdlY,o baliczaant sibeoeean ns r efertroi ng localtihteine,ss ,ea trtefi ondrgi ss tanrceilaatte-ifdoo rnres l ataitao d niss tance, thosspea tial-ptreomcpeoosrpsaeelrs a,ot nai g nlgo bsaclat lhear,ta picdulatyc ross stretocuhatec dr otsisma en sdp ace. natiboonuanld adrriaewsmi,on rgae n mdo roeft hweo rilndtw oe bosfi nterconnec­ Iitsi nt eromfss pace-dtiismtea nctihaaGttii dodnue nndse rstthapenr dosc oefs s tioinn,t egraantsdit nrge tccuhlitnaugnr cdeo sm muniatcireosssp saa cnetd i me, and globaliFzoahrti imgo,ln o.b alibzraotaidtoehnne s scopdei soefm btephdredo i­ng compreosussrip nagta inatdle mpohroarli zIoptno si.nt toaws o rilndm otitooan n, cesssot, h a"tl aragnedlr a rgneurm beorfps e opllieiv nec ircumsitnwa hnIccehs intercownonrelctdtoa,e s dh rinwkoirnlgd . disembeddedlnlsitnikltiouti-ncogpail rlsa ,c twiictgehls o balsiozceirdea lla tions, organmiazjeoa rs peocfdt asy -tol-idf(aeGy"i dd1e99n0s7: 9 S)a.io dt herwiits e, TheC ultuDryanla miocfG sol bailzation intentshilefe ivoeeftsl i me-sdpiasctea ncaincadot riroens posntdrientogculthtyhe es relatbieotnwse ena nlddoi csatla ntp rsaocctaiinacedlev se nGtisd.d tehnusds e fines Givtehngi esn efrraalm ewloerutksn , o wc onsitdhceeur l tduyrnaalm oifgc lso bal­ globali"zatasht iein otne nsioffwi ocraltdiwosinod creie alla twihoinclshi ndki stant izatioinst.h seTp hhieosrf ge l obaaclt itvhiahttayr s e cetihvee dm aonstth ropolo­ localiinst uicaehw s a yt halto chaalp penairnsegh sa pbeyed v enotcsc urmnanngy gicaatlt enTthiioisnsn . o tto s atyh aatn throponleoggloiersfct atsti olc onsider milaewsa ayn dv icvee rs(ap"6. 4 )em,p hasihzoiwtn hgee m ergeonfic nes tant­ othaesrp eocftg sl obaliszaayt,i eoctnoh,ne o omrit ch peo li.t1iI4cn adletehde,y aneogulso bcaolm municaantmdia ostnsr ansporatswa etlailsto hnee,x panosfi on hardcloyu lFdot.rh esen ocator me plesteeplayrr eaatleom fas c tiWvhiattay n.t hro­ complgelxo bsayls toefmps r oducatnideo xnc hanrgeed,ut chehe o lodf l ocal pologtiesnttdods o t,h ouigishn ,t ertphreoestteh seprh etrherso tuhgpehr iosftm h e environomveepnret osp lliev'Fesos er.x amptlhjeeo, b osfC hin"eMsaet tfeaic"t ory cultuIrnadlet.eh dce,u ltrueraa-lltm h ree aolfm meaonnimeni gg,hs at-y m ost

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The Anthropology of Globalization focuses simultaneously on the large-scale processes through which various cultures are becoming increasingly interconnected, and on the ways that people around the world - from Africa and Asia to the Caribbean and North America - mediate these processes in culturall
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The Anthropology of Globalization: A Reader (Blackwell Readers in Anthropology) PDF

255 Pages·2002·4.94 MB·English
by  Jonathan Xavier Inda
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t/ ! BlackwReelald eirnAs n thropology t: eAntr opo , . 0 Asa nthropmoolvoebgsey y otnhdle i moifts so -caalrleseatd u dtiheesir,sae n T increnaesefidon rg ttheaxattts t etmodp ott hweo rokfs ynthetshilezi itnegr ature I Go a ization ,• whiclhea llemnogrtiern agd iotris oudnbia slc ipalpipnraoratycoa h netsh ropology. 0 Thiists h oeb joeftc htee x cinteiwsn egr Bileasc,k Rweealdlie nAr nst hrloopgoy. Eacvho luimne s tehreoi fefsse ermsi rneaald oinna cg hso stehne amnepd r ovtihdee s A Reaedr finmeossttt,h ought-prreocvweoonkrtik insntg h gei vtehne maatrieMcaa .n oyf these voltuomgeesft ohbrer rit nhtgei mafbe io rdsyt of olnia ct eerrtatatoiupnri ec . Thsee rtiheupssr esentdse fbionctiohtl ilveeac ntidin ovness tivgearwtyae ysis n t he whiacnht hropoilnoqguhiiacresayv l o lavneiddes v olving. I Edited by 1 Anthroogpoyof Gl lobalizAa Rteiaodne:r I EditbeyJd o natXhaavnil enrda an Rde naRtoos aldo • JonatXhaavnil enrda an Rde naRtoos aldo 2 ThAen thrloopgooyfM ediAa R:e ader EditbeyKd e lAlsyk ew RaincdhR a.rW di lk 3 GenodecA:in A nthrloopgoiRceaald er EditbeyA dl exaLnadbeHarin nton Inp reparation VioliennW carea nPde acAe R:e ader EditbeyNd a ncSyc heper-aHnuPdgh hielBsio pupreg ois FooPdr:o duacniCdno gn msiunCgu ltures EditbeyJd a mLe.sW atsaonnMd e liCsaslad well ,c' ThAen throogpoyof Sl paacnePd l aAc Ree:a der EditbeySd e tLhoawa nDde niLsaew rence-Zuniga BLACKWELL Publishers Copyr©i gBhlta ckPwuebllli Lsthde r2s0 02 , I , I Firpsutb li2s0h0e2d 2 4 61809 7 513 BlackPwuebllli Isnhce.r s Contents 35M0a iSnt reet MaldeMna,s sach0u2s1et4t8s USA BlackPwuebllli shers Ltd 10C8o wlReoya d OxfoOrXd4 1 JF UK Alrli grhetsse rEvxecdef.po ttrh qeu otaotfsi hoonr t pfaostrsh paeug repsoo sfce rsi tiacnids m revineowp ,a rotf tphuiibscl atmiaoynb e reproducead r,e tsrtisoeyrvseatdloe rmi ,n transmiint tafenodyr,o m r abnymy e anesl,e ctmroencihca,np ihcoatlo,c orpeycionrgd,i ng, oro therwwiitsheto,hu petr ipoerr misosfti hopenu blisher. LiosftC ontributors Exceipntt h Uen itSetda otfe sA metrhibicosao ,k s oilssdu bjteotc htce o nditthiaiotstn h all Vlll notb,yw ay torfao dre otherlweinrstee,s, o hlbidero, eu dto ,ro thercwiirsceu wliattheodu t Acknowledgments X thpeu blisphreicroo'rns s ienna tn fyo romfb indoirn gc oovtehre r tthhaiatnn whiitc hi s IntrodAuW cotriliodnnM :o tion 1 publiasnhde dw ithoutc oan disitinimcoillnua tdrhi icnsog n dibteiioinnmg p osoentd h e JonatXhaavniI enrda an Rde naRtoosd aol subseqpuuerncth aser. MAPPINGT HEW ORLD 35· LibroafrC yo ngrCeastsa log-iPnugb-liinDcaattai on Part TIh inkitnhge G lobal 35 Thea nthropoofgl loogbya liazr aetaidoenr:/b eyJd ointaetdXh aavniI enrda an d RenaRtoos aldo. Introduction 35 p.c m.(-Blacrkewaedlielnar nst hrop1o)l ogy; 1 Notoens tGhleo bEaclu mene ISBN 0--2623213(2l-ak4. paper0)--6I3S1B-N32 -22(2 a3lpka.p er) 37 utHfa nnerz 1 A.n throp2o.lGo lgoyb.a liIzI.an tdiJaoo,nn .a tXhaavniI eIRr.o. s alRdeon,a to. III. Series. 2 DiusnjctaunrDdei ffeirnte hnGecl eo bCaull tEucroanlo my 46 ArjAupnp adurai GN27. A627030 1 306-dc21 3 Beyo"nCdu ltSupraecI"ed:,ei ntatyn,td h Peo liotfDi ifcfesr ence 65 2002150966 AkhGiulp taanJ da mFeesr sgoun BritLiisbhr Caartya logiunPi unbgl icDaattiao n A CIcPa talroegcuofero tdrh is ibsao voaki labtlhee fBrLroiimbt riasrhy . TRACKINGGL OBALF LOWS 81 Typeisne t 101 2 oSpnat b on Par1t/ I tienrantC apital 81 byK olaImn formatioPnv tS.e rPLvotindcd.eir,scr Ihyne, dia. Prinitne dG reatb yTB JrI inttaeirnn aLttidPo,an dasltC oowr,n wall Introduction 8 1 Thibso oikps r inted onp aapceird.- free 4 Deisgning CWoormpeonDr:ia stcei apnlBdia nreb aOdfofs-'ssh ore Pink-Sceocltloarr 8 3 CarFlrae eman • j E T VI CONNT S i CO T N S ��� ��ET�� � __________________________ ��v�ii N ______________________ 1fVtI NomadicI deologies 379 1 5 A FisSht oRreyt:h inGklionbga lioznVa itrigGoionnr da, Introduction ! 3 79 Brtii Vsihr Igisnl ands 100 ! BiMlalu rer 1 6S uffetrhWiein ngd osfL hasPao:l idtB iocdiizHeeusm an R'ighCtusl,t Du.i rfafle raenHnduc me,a niisnT' m i bet 3 8 1 6 GlobDails conAnbejcetca:tn ido Antf htee romfaM tohd ernism 1 3 6 VincaAndnaem s Ja meFse rguson 1 7F reeSionugAt fhir cTah:e" Moderniozfa tion" Par1t1 /M obilSeu bjecst 1 55 Male-MSaelxeu ailnSi otwye to 4 1 0 DonalDdo hnLa.m Introduction 155 1 8T heM arrioafFg eem inainsIdms lamiinEs gmy pSte:l ective 7 MexicMaing raatnido nSt ohceSi paaloc fPe o stmodernism 157 RepudiaasatD iyonna moifPc o stcoCluolntiPuaorlla ilt ics 428 RogReoru se LilAab u-Lughod 8 TheP aciSfhiuctF talme,i:C l iytizeannsCdha ippiC,ti arlc uits 127 ConcluTshieGo lno:bS ailt uation AihwOan g 4 5 3 AnnTasi ng 9 AraNbo iasneRd a madan RNaiiRg,ahp ta,sn :d Franco-MIadgehnrteibtii es 1 9 8 Index 487 Joan GrosMsc,M urDraaayv,ni Tdded S wedegn bur ParItV RovinCg ommodities 231 f Introduction 231 1 0G lobaliaznLadot ciaolni zation 233 JonatFhraine dman • 1 1C ommodiatntidhe Peso weorfP rayPeern:t ecoAstttailtiusdte s towards CoinnsC uomnptteimopGnoh raanray 247 BrigMiety er 1 2T heG lobTarla fifnHi ucm aOnr gans 270 , NancSyc pheer-Hughes ParVt Traveling Media 309 Introduction 309 1 3H ollywIocoodn ogrAWa aprhlypR:ie raid ing 3 1 1 EriMci chaels 1 4M asMse diaanT dr ansnaStuiebocjntaiilvnS ih tayn ghai: Notoens( RCeo)smopoliinatC ahniinsMemes ter opolis 325 MayafiMre i-Yhaunig 1 5I ndiFainla mnsNd i gerLioavneM resd:ia ant dh Cer eation ofP araMloldeelr nities 350 BriLaanr kin j . COUNTTORRISB IX D aviMdc Murriasy AssPirsotfaeonsfAts n otrh ropaotOl roeggSyot naU tnei versity. BirMgeiytei arss enlieocrt auttr heRere seaCrecnht" eRre liagniSdoo nc iaettt hye" I UniveorfAs mistty erdam. EriMci chawealassn e thnograanapdt h heero orfvi isstau ratmlse ,d iaan,d broad­ castHienw ga.sal ectiunmr eedrsi tau daitGe rsi fUfniitvhe irnBs riitsyba atn et he Contributors timoefh idse aitn1h 9 .8 8. AihwOan gi Psr ofeosfAs notrh ropaotl oUtgnhyie v eorfCs ailtyi fBoerrnkieal,e y. RenaRtoos ailsd oL ucPireo fSetisentsr hSoneor c Sicaile nScteasn Ufanotir vdte yr.s i RogReoru isAse s sisPtraonfteo sfAs notrh ropaottl hoUegn yi veorfCs ailtiyf ornia, Davis. NancSyc heper-iHPsur gohfeeossfA s notrh ropaottl hoUeng iyv eorfCs ailtiyf ornia, Berk.e ley TedS wedenibsuA rsgs ocPiraotfee osfsA onrt hropaotlt ohgUe yn iverosfi ty Arkansas. AnnTas inPgr oifseo sfAs notrh ropaottl hUoeng iyv eorfCs ailtiyf SoarnnCtiraau ,z . LilAab u-LuigPshr oodf eosfAs notrh ropaonlWdoo mgeyn S'tsu daitCe osl umbia I MayfMaeiir- Yhauniig Ps r ofeosfAs notrh ropaottl hoUegn yi veorfCs ailtiyf ornia, University. I SanBtaar bara. VinncnaeA damsA sisso ciate ofP roAfnetshgsryooH,rpi ostlooryS,o cainadl MedicitnhUeen iavte orfCs ailtiy fSoarFnnr iaan,c isco. ArjAupnp aduirsSa aim uNe.lH arpPerro feosfAs notrh ropaonldoo fSg oyu th AsiLaann guagCeisv ialnidz ation oafCt h itchaeg oU.n iversity DonaLl.Dd o nhaimPs r ofesAsnotrh roofpa otEl moogrUyyn iversity. JamFeesr guisPsor no feosfAs notrh ropaottl hoeg yU niovfCe arlsiiftIoyrr vniinae,. CarFlrae emiasAn s sisPtraonfte sAsnotrh roofp aonldWoo gmye nS'tsu daite s EmorUyn iversity. JonatFhraine dimsPa rno feosfSs oocrAi natlh ropaottl hoUegn yi veorfsL iutnyd , Sweden. JoaGnr oisAsss sociateo fAP nrtohfreospsaootOlr ro eggySo tnaU tneie vrsity. AkhGiulp tiAass socPiraotfeeo sfCs uolrt aunrSdao lc Ainatlh ropaotSl toagnyf ord University. HanneirsPz r ofeosfsS oorc iAanlt hropaotlS otgoyc khUonlimsv ietry, Ulf Sweden. JonatXhaavniI enrdi aAs s sisPtraonfte sCshoirc Saotnfuo d aitte hsUe n iveorfs ity CalifSoarnnBtiaaar ,b ara. BriLaanr kiiAsns sisPtraonfteo sfAs notrh ropaotBl aorgnyCa orldl ege. MaurieAsrs socPiraotfeeo sfAs notrh ropaottl hoUegn yi veorfsC iatlyi fornia, Bill Irvine. , . AC KNGO MW LEE DN TS XI 200A0m eriAcnatnoh proloAgsiscoacli AantniTaos ni;n" gT,hG el obSailt uation," • CultAunrtahlpr oolo1g5y( C3o)p,y r©i g2h0t0A 0m eriAcnatnoh proloAgsiscoa-l , ! Cla.t lOn • Afri6c(a7 31)9 9,f 7oBrr iLaanr k"iInn,dF iialnam nsNd i gerLioavneM resd:ia an d thCer eatoifPo anr aMloldeelre nsi.t"i Acknowledgments BLACKWEPLULB LISHfEoRBrSi ,r Mgeiyt,e " rCommodiatnidte hsPe o weorf PrayDeerv,e" lopamnedCn hta n2g9e( 1499)8 C,o pyr©i gIhnts tiotfSu otcei al , " Studies. Diaspo1r(aS1 p)r i1n9g9f 1o,Rro gReoru s"eM,e xiMciagnr atitohnSe o acnida l SpaocfPe o stmoids.em"r n DUKEU NIVERSPIRTEYS fSoU,rl Hfa nne"rNzo,to ents h Gel obEaclu meinne ," PublCiucl t1u2(r)Se p ri1n89g9C ,o pyr©i 1gh9t8J 9o;aG nr oDsas,vM icdM ur,r ay andTe dS weden"bAurragNb,o iasnedR amadNaing hRtasiR:,a pa ndF ranco­ MaghrIedbeiin etsii,tnD" i splacDeimaesnpaton,rdG a e ograopfIh dieenste idt.y , SmadLaarv ieT eaSdnw de denCbouprygr,©i 1gh9t9D 6u kUen ivePrrseiAstksyh; i l GuptaanJ da mes Fe"rBgeuyso'onCndu, l tSupraecI'eed:n, t iatnytd,h P eo liotfi cs We oswpee ctihaalnt koLs e oC havEevzDe, a r-iSamniJtihFm,e rguRsiocnh,a rd Diffeer,ie"nnC cultPuorwee,rP ,l aEcxep:l oraitnCi rointAsin ctahlrl oopgeoyd,. FloreMsa,u rBAeiirlh,lwO an gR,o ger RaonKudas Bye. ,W a rrfeontr h ewiorn der­ AkhGiulp atanJ da mFeesr guCsoopny,r ©i 1gh9t9D 7u kUen ivePrrseiAstisyh; w a fuslu ggesatnidhoe nlspi fnusli Wgehat rsae.l sdoe epglrya tteofo uuler d iatto r Ong",T hPea ciSfhiuct Ftalme,i:C l iytizeannsdCha ippi,Ct iarlsc u,ii"nFt lexible BlackJwaenHleul b,,e f ror ehnetrh ussiuapspotofitrc htp i rso jFeucrtt.h ewrem ore, CitizeTnhseCh uilpt:u Lroaglio cfTs ra nsnalttiiyCo,on payr©i g1h99t9 D uke wistho e xproeusras p precitaott hiaeo unt hwohross weo riks i ncluidne d UnivePrrseistsy. thviosl ufmoterh eir contdreivbeulttoihpoaeinn nstg h troo poofgl loogbya lization. FinlayJl,o natwhoaunll dit koet hatnhkRe o ckefFeolulnedraa tnitdoh Inen stitute ! PRINCETUONNI VERSPIRTEYS fSo,Lr i lAab u-Lug"hTohdMe,a rrioafg e foSro ciBaelh,a viaonrdEa clo,n oRmeisce a(rIcShB aEtRU )C S anBtaa rbara FeminainsIdms lamiinEs gmy pitnR, e"m ankgWi omenF:e minainsMdmo dernity fofru ndtihnpigrs o jtehcfeta ;c usittayaf,nf sd,t udaetnU tCs SDaineo 'gCse nter int hMei ddElaes etd,L. i Albau -LugPhroidn,cUe ntiovne Prrsei1st9sy9, 8 . fotrh Set uodfRy a caen Edt hnifcotirht eyhi ors pitaanldi rtheyis;se aasrscihs tants, ArthEulri zaarnodMv i cheMlaldes eCna macfhoor, thheeliipnrp reparing SAGPEU BLITCIAONfSo,Jr o natFhraine d"mGlaonb,ia zlatainoLdno calization," thmea nuscArnidRp etn.aw tios hteots h aMnakr Lyo uiPsreaa tnthd i cso lleagues inC ultIudreanlat niGdtl yo bParlo cSeasgPseu, b lic1a9t94io.n s, int hDee partomfeC nutl tuarnadSl o ciAanlt hropaotSl otgayn ffoortrdh eir support. TAYLOR FRANCfIoSMr,a yfMaeiir- Yhauni"g M,a Msesd ainaT dr ansnational & SuebcjtiivnSi htayn gihnaU in,gr"o uEnmdpeidrT ehsCe: u ltPuorlailot fMi ocdse rn Thee ditaonrdps u bligsrhaetrea fcuklnloyw tlhefedo glel ofwoiprne gr mistsoi on ChinTerasnes nnaatliioesdmA.,i hwOan ga ndD onaMl.dN oniNneiw,Y ork: reprocdoupcyerm iagthetr ial: Routle1d99g7e., THEA MERICAANN THROPOLOGAISCSACOLI AOTNI,f oVri ncaAndnaem s, UNIVERSOIFTC YA LIFORPNRIEAS fSo,Jr a meFse rguEsxopne,c taotfi ons "uSffetrhiWeni gn dosfL hasPao:l itBiocdiizHeeusdm, aR ni ghCtusl,t Duirffaelr ­ ModeirtnMyy:t hasnM de anngiosf U rbaLni foent hZea mbiCaonp perCboeplyt-, encaen,Hd u maniisnT mi beMte,d"i Acnatlh roogpQyo ualrte1r2(l1,yC ) opyright rig©h 1t9 9T9h eR egeonftt hsUe n iveorfsC iatlyi fornia. I © 199A8m eriAcnatnh ropoAlsosgoicciaDalot niaoLln.d;D onha"mF,r eeing SouAtfhir cTah:e' MordneizaotfMi aolne'- MSaelxeut yai lnSi owetCou,l"t ural UNIVERSOIFTC YH ICAGPOR ESfSo,Nr a ncSyc heper-"HTuhgGehl eosb,a l Anthroogpy1o 31l(,)C opyr©i g1h99t8 A meriAcnatnoh proloAgsiscoacli ation; TrafifnHi ucm aOnr ganCsu,r"rA enntth roogp4yo 1l(220)0 0. CarFlrae em"aDnse,i gnWionmge nC:o rpoDriastcei apnldBi naer badOofsf'­s shoPrien k-SceocltlCoaurrl, t"Au nrtahlor loop8g2(y)C ,o pyr©i 1gh99t3A merican UNIVERSOIFTM YI NNESAOP TRESfSoE,rr iMci cha"eHlosl,l yIwcooondo gra­ AnthropoAlsosgoicciaBalitM lialou nr,;"e ArF isSht oRreyt:h inGkliolnbigaz ation phyA: W arlpRieraid inignB, a"d A boirginAarltT :ra ditiMoend,i aan d onV irgin BGroirtVdiiasr,hgI isnl aAnmdesr,i"Ec tahnng oil2so7t3( )C,o pyr©i ght ACWKLGNEMTODESN · . XII TechnoloHgoirciazlUo nnisv,e orfsM iitnyn esPorte1as 9s4,9;A ;, jAupnp adurai, "DisjunacntdDu irfef erientn hcGee l obCaull tuErcaoln omm yM,o dernzty , atL argCeu:l tuDriamle nsoifoG nlsol biazaUtniiovne,or fsM im. tnye soPtrae ss, Introduction 1996. A Worldi nM otion ! JontaahnX aviIenrda an Rde natoR osdaol < Consitdhfeeor l lofwiisvnnega ps.h1o ts SnapsOhnoetI: nB arbaodnot sh,e dnattrfayl- oeooftr h Dea tAai orf f-shore informpartoicoenfs ascitiynml,go i rteh a1n0 w0o mesni attc lustceormepdu ter stateinotnesdr,ai tfnarg o smo m3e0 0,t0i0c0sk teutb so nfaeri orml 2i,n0ed0'a0si ly fligOhntefs l.ob oerl oawne, q unaulm boefwr o mewno raks" appr,oe"vn etresring datfar omme dicclaalis mesnf top rr ocebsyso innoegf t hlea rgiensstu rcaonmc­e paniient shU en itSetda tTehsef.ii rn gfelrys t ahnferd e nceltiiccok fki enyfgsi al ls vasatn dc hirloloyam s W alkmanw-ocmleawndo reki ghts-hhioafuttrv s i deo disptlearym itnyaplitsnot,g h l ea tdeusbct,a lyoprse oa,ss yt-elnisitnagt ion. SnapsThwoo:It nF ranNcoer,tA fhr iwcoamne n gaarteh efroaerw d e ddinagn in Avignboann liMeousoetf. the awrsoeim tetni ng on low wcaulaslth ions along the oneen odf rtehnetr eodoO ml.d weorm eanr dee ckoeuidtn l onegm,p ire-waisted, shiny polyedsrteesras leAigsldo g lmedar riraibnae glSeto sm.ye o unogneeras r e similcalraildn"y t radiotuitofnwiahtliso"l,t e h aerrsesp orstlianocgrkm si niskirts pluasc cessorgieeosm eetlaririkrceoi rnn gesc klhaucnwegis t mhi niaptausrtee l­ colopraecdi fiers. fSloeimwnef r owAmol mgeeenrs ipae cfioarl wlteyhd ed ing, whiolteh terrasv neolreftdrh o m Marosrse oiufltrlhoe Smst . EtRiapeirn onvei.d es mucht hosefo utnrda ckt hwfeeo drd fiensgt ivities. SnapsThhorteI enG: h anaaf ,e rvpeenntt ecopsrteaalcihsetr mweamrbneosrf s t he 2 hicsh uracbho utd atnhgeie mrbsu ienwd e stceormnm odiHteti eeltshl.esom ft he folloewxipnegr iendcaehy.e t ,hO penr eeh aecbro,u gahp ta iorfu nderpaattn htes locmaalr ket. Tshtea rdwtaeeyadr tihhneeg m heh abveisgneagxn ud arle aimns whihcehh aidn tercwoiutbrhe staeiu fluald ailetsh,oi undg ahil liyf wea sah leo ne. Onlayf tseorm tei mdei hde r ealtihzateth u en derphaandt sc atuhdsere eda ms; havitnhgr otwhnea mw ahye,s leupntd istbuysr ebdeudcw toimveTenh .pe r eacher • ITNROADW UOICRMNTLO IDTO INO:N 3 JTOHNXVAAAIINANAE RDNRTED RON O ASALDO 2 --.� ------------ th"eW esfti"nt dh emsehlovmeetsso hoas otfd iversseo maentdii nmceosm mensur­ conclhuidsset sob ryoy f fear irnegm endeyu ttrota hlei zdeai nngheerri engn oto ds: ablceu ltuTrheiissn. t ensioffig claotbmiaoolbn i laintdiy n terconnectedness has prayOenrl.ty h ropurgahy iesr p oists tiobp lree vaenno tb jedcets'tsr upcotwievres turnpelda cseusca hs F ranicnets op acoefjs u xtapoasnidmt iixotnu srpea,c es frollJe,idtoaswm naeglrii'nfsge . where dicsuplatrcuaortneevs e rge,a ncdgo rlalpiwpdiletee,h a coht heorf,ti enn conditoifro andsii cnaelq uality. 1 5 SnapsFhooutMr e:a nwhiinln eo,r thNeirgne trhiseai gohfat fooitm agoef Or tchaes eG hoafnH ae.rt ehp er eacehxehro'rst aabtoituohtnde sa ngoefwr ess tern Sriddeavnic,ei rnogt iocna ltslhcyer eoeftn hsoe p en-caiinre moarts h,te a lanlg,u lar (predomiNnoarntAthml eyr ican, Euwreospteecaronnm) m odihtiigehslt ihgeh t figoufrA em itaBbahc hcrhaadni acthianrgit shmrao tuhgsehn owcyr,a crkelcye p­ ambivaolfeG nhcaen aiaannidsn ,d eoefpd e opalreo utnhdwe o rltdot, h ien creasing tioonfd omestteilce vihsaivboeen c,o pmoew errfeuslo,n iamnatg iensH ausa glosbta�l. �d§lrodfci uzlatgtuoirooadntls a ,s atneds ,p raFc__r"to di moc tehs�."- f ��d'�J:id popuclualrt Sutriec.ok feI rnsd iana nfdsi tlamdrses c ortahtteae x ainsdb uses of , ,_ .... , , .",. . _. __.. ..�.. ._ _._ �. ,_ .. ,,.,. .. ,, "'_'_."" __ �_, .._.� .�, ...._ ,__,_�.c,. ,0," ••• • < mustioca ��hitfeicli'aiiinnrdt,e ef ,ei"vslon;itShldeierbney iiicfei:rhta(atwi ens tern) the npoorstthoe,fIr nsd ifainla mdso trhnwe a lolfts a ilsohrosap'ns dm echanics' �tyTes biiS:i:cioCIca::(';'Ola:'NfCDonalds:M icros()ft", and Caiviu-j(leTn;L evNiisk;e - garagaensdl, o vseo ngs frofmi lsImon ndgisab noa rrreo bwye dr eligious singers J::�!9 h<:tc:_'1:�i�!:::.e._!?,<=>, aplr ominseomn ucceph,r ominienn cfteah,cta tht,e c yab nef oulld whoc hantghewe o rdtsos inpgr aitsote hsPe r opMhoehta mmed. . ?:i� racti�c.atllylewy' int1ietwhofidlsdo 'ow:fc A osm modciotniteisan puae�as�si , t 12 keeps-acccteratintgh ceu ltluirnatelhs ac to nntehcet wboerclodm e acr-ogsolTsle-;U ie Snpas hFoitv Aen:di nE gypmta,n sye cullairbiesprtra olgsr,e sasni"dvf eesm,i nists" evemro rdee nse and massi nccornesabusemicpnotgmailpe oyrsn i mmaerdyi aitno r featrh awto menr'isg ahrtneso wu ndtehrr eTahtes.ye sei gonfts h iinst hger owing th"ee ncoubnettewrpe"ee onp alnecdsu ltfurroeamsr outnhdpe l anet. populianrt ihlteay ts wtod ecaodfte hse fnoerwom fs dcraelsIlsse lda omrmi ocd est .�_ Thetnh eirNsei geTrhiepa o.p ulaofrI intdyif ainlh me raec centtuhaietn ecsr eas- hijab. dreasnsdt haed optiinpo anr tiocfut lhfaeor r omfh eacdo vercianlgtl heed ini_g!11aPIlces99f!ht,e!1t1.�.giiAn allowing Hausa avsti heegwyoae broust to partake, Thlea twtaeisr n stitutiintoh nreae lviezrtesomdi o ornce o nserpveartsiosvnteaa lt us i theeivre ryldiaviyen s ,it mhaeg irneeadl oifot tihecesur l tuMroerssep. e ciftihcea lly, lawasn dp ubliciincz aeldml asd ei np arliament,a nmdto hsmeqe udeifsao, r snapsshhogt'Y s_lY_'D'_thI�n:difainl pla11rst.i ciintp haet ed icaolnosgtircuo cft ion womenr'est utrotn h heo maen tdh e"itrr adit"inoo-nnwa els,t"e rnized" roles. Hauspao pulcaurl tufroterh, e oyf fHearu smae na ndw omeann a lternative /-Web egwiintt hh essnea psbheoctasua tsag e e,n elreavtleh lei,yl lusntircawethleayi t s worlndo,at l toguentlhiekre o wtnhf,er iowrmh icthh emya ye nvisnieowfn o rms . ./ nowc ommoknnloyw nno,lt e aisnat n thropocliorgcailsgce lasol,b aliTzhaittsei romn . offashbieqanul,to yv,ae n,drolllaInncdeif.ai nlt mhsu s pHraeus(seaanntod t her ref(esrism fponlroy w t)ot hien tensioffgi lcoaibtnaitloe nr connseucgtgeedasn teisnsg, non-wesvtieerwnwe)ir tsah m eanosfc reateinvgealgywi intfgho romfst radition f � I worlfduo lflm ovemeanntdm ixtucroen,ta ancdlt i nkages, and persistent cuilftffurerortamehl ne otiw rnb uwth icdhon oetm anaftreot mh Wee st,e ffihenic gth -"\ . (' ) interaacntdeix ocnh aIntsg pee.a iknos t,h weorr dtsot, h ceo mplmeoxb ilaintdi es lighhtoiwtn hgce i rculoafmt eidowinai thainnbd e twneoenn- wecsotuenrtnhr aises \ . , , \ intercontnhecachtta iroancstt hegerl iotzboeed Tahyge.e nepriacltt uhr'seen saep shots �b ecoamnem creasImmgployr atsapneotcf gt l obcaull tfulroawls . i conjiutsrh euo sfa ni ncreaisnitnegrlcyo wnonrelIcditto.s ef adw orldw hebroer ders -.A ndf inaElglyypT th.ef eaerx prebsyss eedc ullairbiesartba olutsth f ea toef ! >/ ,\ anbdo undahraivees- beicn,cormeeap soirnogaullsyl, o wmionragen mdo rpee oples, womenr'isg hhtisna ttst h ter oubrleelda tiboentswhefieepnm inainsdcm u lt'u\r al \ :\ < ancdu lt�uobr eec sa isnt;t i nteann�id�m medcioanttaew(:itte ha cn6i:.li er. i natiorin:ia'la:i-sieJaitIl.lwohnic:s"hhi i'hpwe om aqnu esteixocn1t:"e s po1lit:i caf' aJ:id \ Wea lsco�mmenwciett hh essnep�� ·h<:lbtc��ausaeta, l Ilore;lpeevdefli,c each ideolosgtircuagflgr laemisent d e ronfcl usl tauurtahle nvteircfsioutrsye ign ..i nfluence <'. '-'higahplairgthitcmsuo lbairlo irct uyl tfulroa-wlr especotfic vaeplipyte,ao lp,l e, Theirtseh uasni mportteannstii nEo gny (patn edl sewahbeortueht)pe r opreorlo fe commodiitmiaegsae,ns di, d eol-otghirecs"m,g1h1 iscphatchoeefts h gel oabree womeinns ociIeittas yt .e nsbieotnw teheonws heos eetkop lawcoem ene'mns c ipa.­ bccoming-'increasiTriagklfeYo,-er ix rihiatm\ptvlhiecen,a e sodefB. a rbaTdhoes . tioil;hdoe\fvieanvtete dhrc,e e ntoeftr h feo rmaotfit ohnnea tiaonndt howsheo SCeoIl.f\e v oll1deenf ttylpyi inntg h "eo peno fafioirfDc" ae t Aai irl lustraatse s how, woulcdai lnltq ou estsiuocanhp rojaesc{iatnl iWeens tiemipnositisonna.p·sThhoits � technoloofcg oimemsu nicaantdti roann spohratvameta idocena pimtoarlae n d can therseefeaonsar nei nbset oafntcee_ gl(;tJ:otL<:o:if!w £e_sutiledaretnoi lo-:­ong ies _ worldvleawss';';fcr;';he,;: edo mormeo bitlhese,e artcorh e dutchece o sotfsp roduchtailsoe ncd o rporations mosotf tmeand uep o fe lemeonftt hsEe n lightenment' fartahnedfr a rtahfeirer leds,u litnai rnagp sihdi offlt a bor-initnednussitvrei al welfrairgehd,te sm,o craancsdyo ,v er.-e iagnondftt yhc eu ltiunrtaelr conanlelIc dt'i�o ns producatnidso enr vwiocrefk r otmh e UnSittaetJdea sp,aa nn,wd e stEeurrno tpoe t"..e. n ...s . t.i. ho.. ran...et s.s a.u.stl hte isdee .o loglioecsa liainvrz aeer dip oluasac reosu tnhwdeo rld,./' newa ndhi ghdliys pelroswe-dw saigtaeer so utnhdge l obPel.a cseusca hsB arbados Web egwiintt hh epsiec tutrheebsne,,c atuhsepeyr ovuiswd iet hn iacp ea noramic havteh ubse conmoed ienst hrea piddelvye loapniden vge r-dennseetnwioonrfgk vieowft hweo rolfdg lobaliIztia astw ioornol.fdm otionc,o mopfli enxt erconnec­ tioHnesr.ce a pittraalv efrrsoensta ilemroessf tf ortdlreaswsimlnoygr,a e n dm ore capiitnatle rcontnheaectpt iitoontmshi mezo ed ewronr ld. Ort akteh cea soefF ranTcheew. o meinn t hAev ignobna nlireepuree tsheen t places into doeffn isnea nincneittaewlro croknsn peecotprileoean d(sia;ll yt hough extenpsoisvte- WWoarrIl mIdo vel'onfepn otp ulaftriootmnh lsee asfsf lpuaerntts of certanionftlr yea enldwy i thdoiuftf iccuuatlc tryon)sa st iobnoauln datruirensi,n g thgel oibnett ohm ea juorrb caenn toeftr hs"e d evelaonp"ded de"v elonpaitnigo"n s; counttleersrsi itnotsropi aecwseh se rvea rious cultureasn sdct ornuvgegrlgee , clash, (three sultt hbapetei onpgal necdsu ltfuorremse lrolcyai tnde idf fepraerontftts h e witeha coht hecro;m modidtriibefrsti skloyn lefo rcoamtl oai ntoyt hbeerc,o ming­ (,wonrolwfd i ntdh emseilnvheasb itingp htyhseti ecsraarlma aein ntdsh s,ep acoefs primmaerdyi aitno retsnh ceo ubnettewrec eunlt udriasltolatynh tei rmsa;gf elsi cker JONXVAAIITNAEHRDNRANEAD NAR TOOS ALDO 4 ITNROADW UOICRMNTLO IDTO INO:N 5 ,q uicfkrloysm c reteosn c reperno,v ipdeionpgwl iet rhe soufrrcoewmsh ictho conjuncntautruoarfgle l obalization. nIotjt u isst pwrietohtc hcmeua ppipeidn g fashnieown waybsei inongft h weo rladn;di deolcoigriceusrl aaptitedh lryo ugh shatpe . ever-expandifnugr ncifisorhdcidunfeigosrt rt s r,u gcgoluecshi entd e romfsc u ltural thactn ssctrhogesl so bbeu,at l swoi tthh eex perioefpn ecoepsll iev iinns gp ecific akebny ptahret ifcluolowafcsr a pipteaolp,gl oeo,d s, ainmdia dgeeosl,o gies authenvteircsiutsy ifnofrleuiTeghnnec ep.i tchtuudsre essc arw iobreil ndw hica h localwihteimneo sra en dm oroef t heeivre ryldiavayer sce o ntinognge lnotb ally myrioafdp roceospseersa,ot ni nggal obsacla cleea,s elceusatsc lryon sast ional extenssoicvipear lo ce(sFsoess1t 9e9r9 W)h.a9at n thropooflfoteghryasi t s often boundairniteesg,r aantdci onngn ecctuilntgua rnedcs o mmuniitnni eewss p ace­ lackiinno gt hdeirs ciplai cnoensc raietstt ee ntitvohe unmeasansg entcoyt ,h e 'ticmoem binaatnid"o mnask,it nhwgeo rilndr ealaintidyn e xperimeonricene t er­ practiecveesr ylodifaif ynse h,o troht o,w s ubjmeecdtista htpeer oceosfgs leosb aliza­ connec(tHead1l"9l 9 661:9 )T.h3es yp eoafka ni ntenisnetleyr conwnoercl-dt ed rron(poviheTITandCliTahuutnsopc reoYv1ai9nad9 ne9t )h.r opoilnotgriocda.ulc tion onew hertehr ea pfildo owfsc apipteaolp,gl oeo,di sm,a gaensd, idedorlaowg ies tog lobaliiztsao ft oicoauntos n coent hlea rge-psrcoacle(eso sfrel soo wfss u bjects moraen mdo roeft hgel oibnet o owfie nbtse rconcnoemcptrieoosnus,sri e nngos fe anodb jetchtrso)wu hgihtc hhwe o rilbsde comiinncgr eaisnitnegrlcyo annnoden c ted � timaen d sapnadmc aek,i tnhgwe o rfledse mla lalneddr i stancesT hisishts oh ret er. h(l\ivi;__�cgJ§'tJ:(�G)h.epssrpeo()cnedisncs uelst usrpaelclwiy�f yiT�ch: i isps r ecisely worolfdg lobalization.4 whatth bioSo dko eTsh.ae r tiocflfeehsre erndei atph\ ev rlodo fg lobaliiznawa atyi on A few woofrc dasu thioowne,v Tehre.ir sne o d outbhta tthw eo rlasda w holies , thahti ghlhiugmhatansg enacnyid m aginTahteiayor anes . e lecotfti hboeen cs rti tical ·. experiesnhtriianlTklwieynn gt.i eth-icnennotvuairtntyi e ocnhsn -oplaorgty ic·ul·a·r ly anthropowloorgki cparloo dngu lcoebda liszianttchieleo a n1t 9e8 0ss oIo.itr ws o rk \ I int ransportcaotmimounn iacn-adht aivmoean d ieet a sainedr qufiocprke eorp le thahtab so tchr eaatneddde veltohpaeen dt hropoofgl loogbya lizTahtebi ooonk. lo andt hintgogs e atr ouIntdi .sn onte cesstahrceia lstyeh ,o utghha,tt h e wiosr ld thereffuorrnei asb hleesno fdn eww ritainndog l do,ft hlea t"ecsutt ting-edge" shrinfkoiernv ge ryaonndie na lpll ac(eAsl lanednH a mne1t9t9 5T)h.ee xperience matearnida lbt ehspeti oneewroirnkg. ofg lobaliizsaa r taitohunen re vperno ceFsoisrn .s tawnhciesl,oe m pee opmlaey Int hree stt hoiifns t rodcuhcatpo,wrt eye rpreams oernceto mprehveinesowif v e posstehspeso litaincdea clo normeisco utrotc reost acwroorslsmd a,tn mhyoe r e globalitzhaaotnfi foenar beodvF ei.r wsetp ,r ovaim doer eel abodreaftien ition of havlei totrl ean coc etsos traannsdmp eoarnotsf c ommunictahtpeir oinoc:fae n globaliWzeas tuigogtneh.sa ttth t ee rimm plsioemse thmionrrgea diacbaolu t the airptliacnokerea p t h onceai ljslu tsotho i gfhot rh eAmn.dm orgee nertahlelaryre,e wortlhda tnhm ee rfea ocfti ncreasiinngt egrlcoobnanlei pctot iendtnabse a sstsoi: c laregxep ansesp loafno enttlth yae n genttiieiadnl ttlohy e weibnst eorfc onnection reorganiozfta itmaieno dsn p acGei.v en motrheeix st endseifvien, iw teti hoenn ' . thaetn comptahgsels o Abcec.o rtdoi nJgAo lhlnae nnCd h rHiasm neftoter,x ample, conSItdhceeur l tduyrnaalm oifgC lso baliTzhaiitssti horene .a olfmg lobaaclt ivity wholaer eaAsf roif"c aar e lqiutietorefa fl layl olf m akpi-snm dasp osf telecom­ thahtaa st tratchmteoe sdat n thropoaltotgeincItantil hol ena .ss etc twieop nr,o vide municatmiaoponsfws o,r tlrda adnefd i namnacpeos,fg lobtaolu rainstdmh e like" ab rioevfe rvoifte hwre e adaenrpd o itnost o moefi tlsi mitations. (19925):S. u5c h plahcaevsfe e tcwhi urscc uointnse ctthietnmog anywhere, only �. routoefcs o mmunicaantdti roann spotrhtaaptta isoosvn eo rr thrtohuegTmhh. e . .,:'' '. poihnetr teh,e inst, h awth itlhee worlbdef umolaflcy o mplmeoxb ilaintdie,s \ The Spaancde sT iomfGe lso biazlation .. interconntehceatrrieaeo l nsqsou, i atn eu mboefrp eopalned pwlhaocseeesx peri- ,; , ... enciesm argitnoao lre xclufdreodtm h emsoev emeanntdls i nIknsd.e neodt,' . Earlwieed re fi"ngeldo balirzaatthsieiormn p"al sty h ien tensioffig claotbiaoln everyaonndee v erypplaarctei ceiqpuaatilentls hy ce i rcoufii nttse rcontnheJc't"i on � interconneTcobt ees dunrteehs,iis sis. n l arpgaerw th agtl obaliizsaa latlbi oount . travtehrgesl eo bAen.dt hitso,oi ,s theo fgw loorbladl ization. Thew orltdo diasyw itnesasnii nntge nsioffic ciartcoiufeoi cnto sn opmoilci,t ical, Thep urpoofst ehr iesa dietsro p rovaindi en trodtuoct thwiioosrn ol fdg lobaliza­ cultuarnadel c,o logiinctaelr depeTnhdiiessna c weo.r lidn whtihcreha dical tiotnot, h iwso rlodfc omplmeoxb ilaintdi es( uneven) inMtoerrec onnections.6 acceleirnta htfeil oonow fcs a pipteaolp,gl oeo,di sm,a gesi,d eaonld-o sguibejse cts specifiiotcf aflaelnry s,a nthrotpaokolenos guicacwh ao lr lTdh.e bioason ek x ercise anodb jeicnt ss,-h aocrrtot shfsea coeft hgel ohbaes breovuetgnhhm eto srte mote int haen thropoofgl loogbya lizOafc toiuornas.ne7t, h ropoalronego ittsh otens l y parotfst hweo rlidnc ontwaicttmh e tropocleinttaHenor wse.v gelro,b alization oneisn teretshtiiessds Suiienn.t c hele a 1t9e8 o0rs gsloo,b alihzabaset ciooomnne e suggesosmtest mhuicnmhgo rper ofoaubnodtu htme o dewronr ld tthsheia mnp le oft hmeo sitm poratcaandte tmoipci cst.h uacIs et n ticrsoa nlc oefqr un iatn eu mber facotfg rowignlgo bianlt erconneIctit mepdlanif eeussns d.a mernetoarld ering of ofd iscipflrionme ss,o caineodcl oongoymt oim cesd iaan dli tesrtaurdyAi netsh.r o­ timaen sdp acWeew. o ulldi tkoeo ff,te hreanm ,o rteh eorettaikocenga llo baliza­ polohgoyw,e ,vb errinaug nsi qpueer spetcot iboveneta hre tTohpeti ecn.d eonfc y tioonn,te h adtr awfsr otmh e wooftr hkte w oa uthwohrohs a vbee scta ptutrheids mucohft hlei teroangt luorbea liiztsao ft oicoounnst hmea crsoc oopfte h peh enom- proforuenodr ganoifzt aitmaieno dsn p acDea:v iHda rvaenyAd n thoGniyd densY enotnh,i nkoifin tpg r inciipnta elrlomyfsv ery laregceo-nsocpmaoillcei, t oirc al, . , cultpurroacle Asnstehsr.o poolnto hgoeyt ,h hearn ids,m oscto ncerwnietdh the ' . 1 , ,1 � articuolfta htei ognl otbhalelo catanhldai, ts w ,i thh() �_ 1<:l�Al?E5?Ei.t:�_isn.g���!..:_ " � � � Speediintgu p . 7 in the ocfao,nn mdtu esxctto mteot erWmist thh,re e alotftp laerst ISCOuCliaerti i'"e s, / witthh �i;acc�-mtuhliaasttt o e dhs iasyt oricala-n-'dwc auyolsftl u irfTeehs.e 8 .'. DaviHda rv(e1y9 8c9o)n ceptgulaolbiazleispz raitnicoianpsa a m lalnyi fesotfa tion anthropoofgl loogbya liiznoa tthiweoornr ,di ssc;once�riltltheh dse i tuaantde d thceh angeixnpge rioeftn icmaeen sdp acHeec. a ptutrhceihssa nigne ntohtei oofn JONXAAITVANAHI RNDAENEDNRAR TOOS ALDO 6 ITNROADW UOICRMNTLO IDTO INO:N 7 "time-csopmapcree swshiiocrnhe, f"te ort shm ea nnienwr h icthhs ep eeduipon fg centrafliirzomersdi enttoewda rmdassp sr oducttosi moanl l, decfeinrtmrsa lized econoamnisdco cpiraolc ehsasesex sp eriesnhtriutanhlkgel l yo bseot, h adti stance orienttoewdan ridcsmh aer keatnscd;a pihtaabsle colmeeas nsc horaer de saousfl t andt imneol ongaeprp etaobr e m ajocro nstroanti hnoetr sg anizoafht uimoann thdee reguolfat thgielo onb failn anmcairaklTe hti.fs l exiibasii lmieatdtry e ducing actiIvnio ttyhw.eo rr dtsh,te e rpmo inttohs o wt hper essouftr eecsh nolaongdi cal thteu rnotviemorefc apitthael :a mooftu inmtne e cesfsoamrro yn efyu rnitsoh ed econocmhiacn hgaevc eo ntincuoallllatypi smeed s apnadcr ee,s ulitnti hnaegn ni­ funnde wp roducttoi robenec ovweirteahpd r otfhirto tuhgseha loefs ervaincde s hilaotfsi poanbc yet imient: h ree organoifzt aitmieins o unca h waasyt oo vercome goodso.t hIwenor r dtsh,ge o ailst os peuepdt hper ocoefbs ost phr oducatnido n thbea rriers (oofnb ers iepexafac mep.olf te h icso lliaspt shfeea ct tihsna otw, it consumpftoiaros,tn h,oe l cda pitaadlaisgsaety t si,m em oinseo yrr, a tthiemrce o sts possfiobfrlo el iknLs o ndtoone xperitehsneac mete h isnagay,m edieav eonrta moneTyh.u osn fei ntdhsap tr actsiuccsehus b contarnaodcu ttisnogu arscw ienlagls, busintersasn sacttihsoean m,te i amates p eopilne Tha(iWlaatn1ed9r 9s)5 .F )o r othoerrg anizsahtiifoctnosau,lp lweidtn he wt echnoloofeg lieecst croonntirco l, , Harvtehye,gn l,o baliiznavtoiltohv"nees sh rinokfsi pnagac"ne d sthhoer teonfi ng ; havael dle cretausrendo tviemrie nsm any doomfap irnosd uc(tei.cogln.o ,t hing, timIete. n tatihlsesp eeduipon fgt hpea coefl ifseu,ct hh attht ei mtea kteond o electraountiocmso,bm ialcehsit,no eo ls,c onasntdr .uM cotrieoonvi)emrp,r oved thinagsws e,l alst heex perideinsttiabanelc tew edeinf felroecnatti inso pnasc e, modeosfc ommunicaantdii nofno rmattoigoentw,hi etrrha tionaliinmz eatthi­ons becomperso gressshiovreFtloeyhrr i .m i,ns umg,l obaliizsia nttiiomnla itnekleyd odosf d istri(beu.tigin.ov,ne nctoonrtypr aoclk,a gainndmg a,r kfeete dbhaacvke) , witthhi en tensiafnidc astpieuoepnod fti inmge -scpoamcper eisnse icoonn oamnidc madiept o ssfiobcrlo em modittomi oevse artohurnodtu hgmeha rkseyts taetam socliiafle . fasptaecre ; twenty-ffoiunra-nshceoiruavrlai- ncadme- asdr akyhe atvsie n creased Thipsr ocoefst si me-scpoamcper es(sainhoden n coefg lobaliHzaartvieoyn ), thmeo biloifct ayp iatnadlt ;h meo bilizoafft aisohnii non ni cmhaer kehtass arguiesns o,at g radourac lo ntinuous Roactchuierttrra ,ek pnelcsae ic.nde i screte facilais tpaeteedid-nt u hpe opfacc oen sumpitnci loont hoirnnga,m eanntadsc ,r oss phasoefss h oarntcd o ncentbruartsTethdsew . o raltda npya rtimcoumleainrnts o t aw idrea nogfer ecreaatcitoinvailt ies (aen.dpg o.lpm,i u fsesi-tcsy tllyeelsie,ss u re thper odoufca ts mooltihn ceoamrp reosfsti iomanen ds pacbeu,tth ree soufla t ands porthianbgia tnsdv, i daenodc hildren'Isnt hgpiaosms ets-)F.po hradosifes t mordei sconthiinsutoouursni fcoalldT ihnegse.er uptoifot nism e-space compres­ capitatlhriees gmi,om ffe l exaicbcluem ulraetii-gownnhs e tihnet rhr ee aolfmh i gh sioHna,r vneoyt ceasbn,e a ttritbotu htee dp ecrriioosdfoei vsce raccumtuhlaatt ion finanpcreo,d ucstyisotnec mosn,s umpotril oanb,mo arr ke-tasn dt hpea coef plagtuhceea pitsaylsitTseotdm a.y w'osr ld, forii sni j nussstutac anhp c hea,so en,e econoamnidsco cliiafle g ehnaesra aclcleyl erated. thastt ardtuerdit nhegea r1l9y7 0(sH ar1v9e8y19 4:1 -7I2bt)e .g waint ah crisis of Them aiinm plicoafat litloh nii sts h afto,Hr a rvweeya ,r ceu rrecnatulgiyhna t overaccumiuntl haFeto irodni sto fsm yassptsre omd ucotfwi eosnt eecronn omies. particiunltaernlsye omfto immeen-ts pace cTohmegp erneessrpsaeileo din-n.tu hpe Thissy stbeams,oe nd HeFnorrydm 'osd eolfc entramlaiszse-da spsreomdbulcyt ion turnotviemorefc apiitsra alp isdhlryi nkiwnogr lTtdih.mei e sq uicaknlnyi hilating ofs tandarpdriozdeuhdca tdbs e,c osmoes ucceasnsdef fufli ctiheainttbt e gatno spacHeep. u ttsh iinst hfeo llotweirnmgs : overprordeuscueli,tnt i hnmega ssliavye- oofwf ofr kearnsde, f fecrteidvuecliyn g demanfdo r proCdouncstusmm.ea rr ketthsub se cacmoem plestaetluyr Aantde d. Thes ateclolmimtuen icsaytsitodenemsps l osyientdch eee a r1l9y07 sh avree ndetrheuedn it sintchee wreer neo etn oucgohn sumteobr usty h egsoeo dcso,r poprraotfbeie tgsa n cosatn dt imoefc ommuniciantviaornwi iatnrhte spteocd ti staIntcc oes.tt hsse a mteo tod eclwihnieci,hnt urpnr ecipaif taailtngle o dv ernrmeevnetn Tuheimsse. a ntth e communiocvae5tr0e 0 maisil dteo seo sv e5r, 0v0i0sa a teAlilfrir teeir.ga htoten cs o mmod­ onsoeftf ispcraolb lfeomgrso vernmwehnoct osn,s equfeonutnildtiy n creasingly itiheasv e lickoemwdeio swedn r amat,iw chaiclloleny tainehrairsze adtuitcohenced o sotf bulskea an rdo atdr ansIpitons ro twp. o ssfiobrll eaa rm guel tinactoiropnoarllai tTkieeox na s difftiocs uulsttt ahiecnio rm mitmteotn htew ierl fparroeg ramsa.t tTehmetpyot ed Instrutmoeo nptesrp altaenw tists hi multadneecoiussi onw-imtarhke isnptgeofc itn ancial, soltvhepe r oblem pripmrainretixiltnymrg oa bn ye byu,tt h oinsl syei tnm otiao n markientp,cu ots qtusa,l ciotnyt arnodl ,l parbooccreo snsd itiontsh afinin f dtmiyof rfee rent wavoef u ncontroilnlfalbaTltheii ocsnr .ij sairsrt ehFdeo rdsiysstt em to such a locataicornoss gsl otbMheaes. ts e levoiwsnieornsc hoiuppw lietdsh a teclolmimtuen ication degrteheat th meo deolfm aspsr oduc(twihoinec nht airliegdi d arrangements makeispt o sstiob leex pearr iuesonhfic mea gfersod mi ffesrpeancte s sailmtmuaolnseto usly, betwetehsnet actaep,i taalnidws otrsk,te orm sa inthaiiglnhe voefle sm ployment, collatphsweio nrgls dp'asci ensta os eroifie msa goenas t elevisiTohnew hsoclwreoe relnd. investamnedcno tn,s umpbteicoanum)ne r aveled. cawna tcthhO el ympic GaWmoerslC,du ptt,hh feea olfla d ict,a ptaoo lritsiumcmaialt , Ini tpsl atchee,hr aees m ergape ods t-Froergdioimfsfe tl exaicbcluem ulTahtiiso n. deadtlrya g.e.wdhy.i mlaes tso urifsimlm,ma sd ien specltoaccautmliaaokrne ws i,ad r ea nge regiamcec,o rtdoiH nagr vey,o n"f rleesxtiwsbi itlrhie tsypt eolc atb porro cesses, ofs imuloarvt iecda reixopuesr ioefwn hcaettsh e wcoornltdaa ivnasi ltaomb alnepy e ople. labmoarr keptrso,d uacntdps a,t teorfcn osn sumpIttii sco hna.r actbeytr hiez ed (Har1v9e8y2 99:3 ) emergeonfec net inreewsl eyc toofpr rso ducnteiwwo any,os fp rovifdiinnagn cial servinceewms a,r keatnsda,,b ovael l, girnetaetnlsryia ftoiefesc d o mmercial, Thew ortlodd aiyno, t hweorr disss,u bjteotc htce o ncurirmepnltoo sfsi poanac ned technolaongdio cragla,n izaitninoonvaa(lt1 i9on8"9 : 14e7x)a.m pllFaeob,ro r thsep eedo-fau lpfl a coefte sc onoamnidsc o cliiaflYe e.ss ,p aicsse h rinTkhien g. markehtasvb ee cofmlee xtihbrloeu tghhie n troduocfnt eiwof no rmosfl abor pacoefl iifsse p eeduipnT.gh et imtea kteond o thiisbn egcso mpirnogg ressively regul-aotuitosno urscuibncgo,n trpauctttiinnaggn,-d" o huotmw eo rks"t rategies shorTtheewr o.r lidns, h oirswt i,t nestshiienn tge nsioffit hcceao tmiporne osfs ion -andt he hoifrl ianrnggu em beorfts e mporpaarryt,- atnidsm eea,s ownoarlk ers; timaen ds pacAen.ds oa,s t hweo rld atpops eharriasnn kdd istasneceemsi ngly producatriroann gehmaevbneet cso mmael leoawbilntegoa s hiafwta fyr ormi gid diminaishs ahp,p eniinon ngpesl accoem teoi mpaicnts tantaonne opueasonlpdyl e JNOAXTVAHIIANAENRDNRA EAD RTN OOS ALDO ITNRTOIADWO UONICRM:NLO DT ION 9 8 placmeisla ewsa y",w eh avteol eahronwt oc opwei tahno verwheslemniosnfeg workmearysb em ordee penodnet nhtse a olfeB arbiinte hsUe n itSetda ttheason n compreosfos uisrop na tainadtl e mpowroarll (dHsa"r 1ve89y92 :4 0e;m phaIIIs Is thdei raecctti oofln osc al manTahgiedsmo eensno tmt.e anh,o wervt,e haptl a(coer locahlaecs)e asteobd e s ignifiintc haoenr tg anizoafet vieorny daIyts ilmipfley. oriagli)n. meantsh aatss occioanln ectionlsa teexratacelrnlotdysi sma en ds pacleo,c alities aroutnhdwe o rbledc olmees s depecnidrecnutm sootfcna o n-cperse sefnaccee ­(on Stretchiiton ugt to-fiancteet riaoacnn)dm oroen i nteraacctrioodsnisss ta(nocrnee latwiiotnhs abseontths e)Fr.o Gr iddetnhse,gn l,o balipzoaitntitotos hn ie n terloofc kithneg AnthoGniyd delnisHk,ae r vceoyn,s igdleorbsa litzoia ntviooalpn vr eo foruenodr ­ locaanldt hgel obtahlai;tsi ,t" conctehrienn st ersoefpc rteisoenan ncdae b sence, ganizaotfi otanin mdse p aicnes ociaanld cultural wlhiifHleae.r vHeoyw ever, thien terloafsc oicneigva eln atnsd sroecliaatl'i aaotd n iss tawnictleho' c caoln ­ focuosnet shg ee nesrpaele do-feu cpo noamnisdco cpiraolc eGsisdedsei,nsm s o re textua(l91i9t21ie1:Is) n"s. h ogrlto,b aliezxaptriebosanss aeisscp eocfst psa ce-time preoccwuiptitheh dse t retocfhs ioncgli iaaflce r otsisma en ds pacGei.d decnasp ­ distancIitia sft uinodna.m eanbtoatulhtlte yr ansforomfsa ptaiaconendt ime. turtehspi rse occuipnta htneio otnio of"n t ime-dsipsatcaen cwihaitcriehof nte,or" s "thceo ndiutnidownehsri cthi maen dsp aceo ragraen sioaz set doc onnpercets ence Thet wop erspesckteitvcoehuseat db ouvned oubctoendtlaayn i unm boefrs ignifi­ ( 109:19 4T)h.eb asaircg umietsnh ta t soccoinasloi ftsl wtiobsf a es ic candti ffereFnocoreu spr.u Ir2p ohsoewsee,rv w,e watnott a kteh eams c omple­ anadb sence" kinodfs sionctiaelr aTchtefi iorensn.tt afialcse -tcoo-nftaHacecertp e.e opelneg age mentvaireyw poTiognettsht.eh reh yi ghltihbgeah stpi rce,s enstp-adtaiya l-temporal direwcittlehya coht haesrt hegyoa boutth eeivre ryldiavye s ianr oefw theant parameotfe rgsl obaDlriazwaiotnnitg oh nwe.o rokfD aviHdel edta l(.1 99195,:) closbeoluyn dleodcs apla cTehses. e cofnodrc mo nsoifsm otrsre e moetnec ounters, wes uggtehsagttl obaliczoantsoiifostn thf seo llocwhianrga cteelreimseFtniitrcss .t thomsaed e posstirbalnesa pnbodcyr o tm municsaytsitoetnmhsso t,sh eap te ople ofa lgli,v tehnde e velopomfwe onrtl dwmioddeeo sft ransapnocdro tm munication, engaignae c rosspsaa cnetd i mTeh.ef irtsytpo efi nteratcetntidopos rn e domiinn ate globaliizmaptlaiis oepnse eduipon fgt hfel oowfsc apipteaolp,gl oeo,di sm,a ges, . premodseorcni eTthieesaser.se o cieitnwi heisct hh" es padtiimaeln SoIfSO OnCsI al anidd eaacsr otshse wtohrulsd ,p otioan g teinneigrn aclr ienat shpeea coefg lobal liafrefe o,mr o sotft hpeo pulaatniidon mn o,s rte spedcotmsi,n abty'e pdr es-ence' interaacntpdir ooncse Ssesceosin.std u ,g gaensi tnst ensioffti hcleai tnimkoosnd, e s byl ocalaiczteidv (ipt1.i)8 eW.sit "h t haed veonfmt o dernhiotwye�,,vt ehsee cond ofi nteraacntdfi loontw,hs a itn tercotnhnweeo crtlm de,a nitnhgat ti easc ross sorotfs ociianlt ercboeucrosmieen sc reaismipnogrltyMa ondte.r mtteya trhse. bordaerrneso stp oraodrhi acp hazbausrtod m ewrheagtu laTrhiizrgedld,o. b aliza­ spatoirabolif st o cliiaaflwe a fyr om ctohnef ionfle osc a"lfiotsyt,r eerliantgi ons tioenn taais ltsr etocfhs ioncgic aull,t uproalli,ta incedac lo,n opmriacc taiccreoss s betwe'eanb soetnhtel'ro sc,a tidoinsatflarlnoyatm n y giveno ffs aicteu-attoi-ofna ce frontsioae sr st o pmoaskseai cbtlieo and iastt- atnhcaeit ss ,ot hahta ppenings, intera(cpt1.i8 oI)nno." t hweorr ds, it odrli isfoetumsstbo ecdisa l rferloma tions decisainopdnr sa,c tiinoc neaesr eoaft hgel ocbaecn o mteoh avceo nsequfeonrc es loccaoln teoxfit nst eraacntdri eoanr ratnhgeaemcs r oesxst ensspiavonefst ime­ communaintcdiu elst iunrr eemso ltoec aolfte hsge l oAbne.df inaalsalr ye,s oufal ltl spacOen.ei mporetfafnoetftc htdi iss embeidtsdo mi ankgpe l a"cweh,i ch troe fers thsipse eduipin,ng't ensifainsdct arteitocgnhl,io nbagl,i azlasitomi polanih eesi ght­ thep hysisceatlt oifns gosc iaaclt iavsis tiyt uagteeodg raphiinccarlelays,i"n gly ened entaonfg lgtelhmoeeba nantlld o calt hsauwtch,hi e lvee rymoingech otn tinue phantasm(apg1.o)8 rT.ih cim se ans tchoantd,i toiifnmo ondse rnliotcyaa,lr ees tol ilvoec lailv tehse,pi hre nomweonrallhd asvt eo seoxmtee bnetc ogmleo baasl hauntseotd os, p eabkyt, h awth iicahsb seTnhte.ayr ceo nstintoujttu besydtw hat disteavnetnc tosmt eoh avaeni mpaocnlt o csapla caensld,o cdaelv elopcmoemnet s isi mmediparteeslbyeu nattl sboy inflquueirnteceme osv ferdot mh emM.o dern toh avgel obraelp ercusAslitloo nlgsdlY,o baliczaant sibeoeean ns r efertroi ng localtihteine,ss ,ea trtefi ondrgi ss tanrceilaatte-ifdoo rnres l ataitao d niss tance, thosspea tial-ptreomcpeoosrpsaeelrs a,ot nai g nlgo bsaclat lhear,ta picdulatyc ross stretocuhatec dr otsisma en sdp ace. natiboonuanld adrriaewsmi,on rgae n mdo roeft hweo rilndtw oe bosfi nterconnec­ Iitsi nt eromfss pace-dtiismtea nctihaaGttii dodnue nndse rstthapenr dosc oefs s tioinn,t egraantsdit nrge tccuhlitnaugnr cdeo sm muniatcireosssp saa cnetd i me, and globaliFzoahrti imgo,ln o.b alibzraotaidtoehnne s scopdei soefm btephdredo i­ng compreosussrip nagta inatdle mpohroarli zIoptno si.nt toaws o rilndm otitooan n, cesssot, h a"tl aragnedlr a rgneurm beorfps e opllieiv nec ircumsitnwa hnIccehs intercownonrelctdtoa,e s dh rinwkoirnlgd . disembeddedlnlsitnikltiouti-ncogpail rlsa ,c twiictgehls o balsiozceirdea lla tions, organmiazjeoa rs peocfdt asy -tol-idf(aeGy"i dd1e99n0s7: 9 S)a.io dt herwiits e, TheC ultuDryanla miocfG sol bailzation intentshilefe ivoeeftsl i me-sdpiasctea ncaincadot riroens posntdrientogculthtyhe es relatbieotnwse ena nlddoi csatla ntp rsaocctaiinacedlev se nGtisd.d tehnusds e fines Givtehngi esn efrraalm ewloerutksn , o wc onsitdhceeur l tduyrnaalm oifgc lso bal­ globali"zatasht iein otne nsioffwi ocraltdiwosinod creie alla twihoinclshi ndki stant izatioinst.h seTp hhieosrf ge l obaaclt itvhiahttayr s e cetihvee dm aonstth ropolo­ localiinst uicaehw s a yt halto chaalp penairnsegh sa pbeyed v enotcsc urmnanngy gicaatlt enTthiioisnsn . o tto s atyh aatn throponleoggloiersfct atsti olc onsider milaewsa ayn dv icvee rs(ap"6. 4 )em,p hasihzoiwtn hgee m ergeonfic nes tant­ othaesrp eocftg sl obaliszaayt,i eoctnoh,ne o omrit ch peo li.t1iI4cn adletehde,y aneogulso bcaolm municaantmdia ostnsr ansporatswa etlailsto hnee,x panosfi on hardcloyu lFdot.rh esen ocator me plesteeplayrr eaatleom fas c tiWvhiattay n.t hro­ complgelxo bsayls toefmps r oducatnideo xnc hanrgeed,ut chehe o lodf l ocal pologtiesnttdods o t,h ouigishn ,t ertphreoestteh seprh etrherso tuhgpehr iosftm h e environomveepnret osp lliev'Fesos er.x amptlhjeeo, b osfC hin"eMsaet tfeaic"t ory cultuIrnadlet.eh dce,u ltrueraa-lltm h ree aolfm meaonnimeni gg,hs at-y m ost

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The Anthropology of Globalization focuses simultaneously on the large-scale processes through which various cultures are becoming increasingly interconnected, and on the ways that people around the world - from Africa and Asia to the Caribbean and North America - mediate these processes in culturall
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