The Anthropology of Genocide PDF
Preview The Anthropology of Genocide
ff Annihilating Di erence CALIFORNIA SERIES IN PUBLIC ANTHROPOLOGY The California Series in Public Anthropology emphasizes the anthropologist’s role as an engaged intellectual.It continues anthropology’s commitment to being an ethnographic witness,to describing,in human terms,how life is lived beyond the borders of many readers’experiences.But it also adds a commitment,through ethnography,to reframing the terms of public debate—transforming received, accepted understandings of social issues with new insights,new framings. Series Editor:Robert Borofsky (Hawaii Pacific University) Contributing Editors:Philippe Bourgois (UC San Francisco),Paul Farmer (Partners in Health),Rayna Rapp (New York University),and Nancy Scheper-Hughes (UC Berkeley) University of California Press Editor:Naomi Schneider . Twice Dead: Organ Transplants and the Reinvention of Death, by Margaret Lock . Birthing the Nation: Strategies of Palestinian Women in Israel, by Rhoda Ann Kanaaneh . Annihilating Difference: The Anthropology of Genocide, edited by Alexander Laban Hinton . Pathologies of Power: Structural Violence and the Assault on Health and Human Rights, by Paul Farmer ff Annihilating Di erence The Anthropology of Genocide EDITED BY Alexander Laban Hinton With a foreword by Kenneth Roth Human Rights Watch UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Berkeley Los Angeles London University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, California University of California Press, Ltd. London, England © by The Regents of the University of California Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Annihilating difference : the anthropology of genocide / edited by Alexander Laban Hinton ; with a foreword by Kenneth Roth. p. cm.—(California Series in Public Anthropology; ) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN --- (Cloth : alk. paper).—ISBN --- (Paper : alk. paper) . Genocide. . Ethnic conflict. I. Hinton, Alexander Laban. II. Series. HV. .A .(cid:2)—dc Manufactured in the United States of America The paper used in this publication is both acid-free and totally chlorine-free (TCF). It meets the minimum requirements of ANSI/NISO Z.– (R ) (Permanence of Paper).I ⁄ vii ⁄ ix ⁄ xiii . The Dark Side of Modernity: Toward an Anthropology of Genocide Alexander Laban Hinton / . : ’ . Genocide against Indigenous Peoples David Maybury-Lewis / . Confronting Genocide and Ethnocide of Indigenous Peoples: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Definition, Intervention, Prevention, and Advocacy Samuel Totten, William S. Parsons, and Robert K. Hitchcock / . : . Justifying Genocide: Archaeology and the Construction of Difference Bettina Arnold / . Scientific Racism in Service of the Reich: German Anthropologists in the Nazi Era Gretchen E. Schafft / . : . The Cultural Face of Terror in the Rwandan Genocide of Christopher C. Taylor / vi . Dance, Music, and the Nature of Terror in Democratic Kampuchea Toni Shapiro-Phim / . Averted Gaze: Genocide in Bosnia-Herzegovina, – Tone Bringa / . : , , , ’ . Archives of Violence: The Holocaust and the German Politics of Memory Uli Linke / . Aftermaths of Genocide: Cambodian Villagers May Ebihara and Judy Ledgerwood / . Terror, Grief, and Recovery: Genocidal Trauma in a Mayan Village in Guatemala Beatriz Manz / . Recent Developments in the International Law of Genocide: An Anthropological Perspective on the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda Paul J. Magnarella / . : . Inoculations of Evil in the U.S.-Mexican Border Region: Reflections on the Genocidal Potential of Symbolic Violence Carole Nagengast / . Coming to our Senses: Anthropology and Genocide Nancy Scheper-Hughes / . Culture, Genocide, and a Public Anthropology John R. Bowen / / / FIGURES .. A Representative Blueprint of the National Socialist “Origin Myth” / .. Diagram Showing the Origins and Diffusion of the Swastika as a Symbol / .. L’assassinat de Ndadaye / .. “Naked Maoists before a Naked Wall”: Members of the Kommune — A Socialist Collective of Young Maoists, West Berlin / .. Nude Sunbathers in an Urban Public Park (Englischer Garten), Munich, / .. German Nudists and Clothed Third World Others in the “Garden of Eden” (Paradise), West Berlin, / .. “He Wears Care”: White Naked Male Bodies as Commodity Fetish, West Germany, – / .. “Self-Empowerment through Nudity”: Leftist Activists Protest Western Imperialism by Exposing White Masculinity, West Berlin, / .. “Proclaiming Opposition through Male Nudity”: Using Their Bodies as Performative Icons, Leftist Activists Rally against City Government (TUWAT Demo—Rathaus Kreuzberg), West Berlin, / .. “Nazis Out!”: Antifascist Graffiti, Berlin, / .. “Drive the Nazis Away! Foreigners Stay!”: Antifascist Graffiti, West Berlin, / vii viii .. “Annihilate the Brown Filth!”: Antifascist Iconography (Image and Banner), West Berlin, / .. “Eradicate the Nazi Brood!”: Antifascist Protest Banner, West Berlin, / .. Portrait of Ishi, August , / TABLES .. Genocides of Indigenous Peoples in the Twentieth Century / .. Development Projects of Multinational Corporations (MNCs) That Have Injured Indigenous Peoples’ Well-being and That Have Been Cited as Genocidal or Ethnocidal / Anthropologists and human rights activists have not been natural partners. An an- thropologist tends to accept a culture as it is. A human rights activist tends to iden- tify injustices in a culture and work to change them. An anthropologist illuminates the differences among cultures. A human rights activist highlights cross-cultural commonality. An anthropologist respects a broad range of value systems that are seen as culturally variable. A human rights activist promotes a particular value system that is seen as universal. Yet behind this tension there has always been a potential for partnership. Clas- sic human rights advocacy depends at the outset on careful observation—on the detailed recording of the plight of particular individuals who have suffered abuse. Long gone are the days when a human rights “investigation” consisted of several prominent foreigners parachuting into a country (usually only its capital) for a quick few days of conversation with diplomats, journalists, and other elite observers. To- day, as human rights organizations have grown in sophistication and rigor, an effec- tive human rights researcher must become immersed in the country under study, speaking the language, interviewing the victims and witnesses, and becoming inti- mately familiar with local customs, politics, and governance. In short, the investigative work of a human rights researcher increasingly re- sembles the careful fieldwork of an anthropologist. And so it should, since the tools of anthropology offer valuable assistance not only to those who seek to understand a society but also to those who hope to change it. Understanding the architecture of a society is valuable not only in its own right—as a work of anthropology—but also as a blueprint for change. It helps us identify the social pathologies that might lead to human rights abuse and the steps that can be taken to end or prevent them. Of the many abuses that might be studied, there is none so grave as genocide. The crime that gave rise to the vow “never again” has, to humanity’s great shame, reared its head again and again. What prompts a society to seek to eradicate a cat- ix
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