The Antarctic Treaty Regime: Law, Environment and Resources

261 Pages·2009·9.69 MB·English

by  Gillian D. Triggs

The Antarctic Treaty regime:
law, environment and resources

Studies in Polar Research
This series of publications reflects the growth of research activity in
and about the polar regions, and provides a means of disseminating
the results. Coverage is international and interdisciplinary: the books
will be relatively short (about 200 pages), but fully illustrated. Most will
be surveys of the present state of knowledge in a given subject rather
than research reports, conference proceedings or collected papers. The
scope of the series is wide and will include studies in all the biological,
physical and social sciences.
Editorial Board
R. J. Adie, British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge
T. E. Armstrong, Scott Polar Research Institute, Cambridge
D. J. Drewry, Scott Polar Research Institute, Cambridge
S. W. Greene, Department of Botany, University of Reading
B. Stonehouse, Scott Polar Research Institute, Cambridge
P. Wadhams, Scott Polar Research Institute, Cambridge
D. W. Walton, British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge
I. Whitaker, Department of Anthropology, Simon Fraser University,
British Columbia
Other titles in this series:
The Antarctic Circumpolar Ocean
Sir George Deacon
The Living Tundra
Yu. I. Chernov, transl. D. Love
Transit Management in the Northwest Passage
edited by C. Lamson and D. Vanderzwaag
Arctic Air Pollution
edited by B. Stonehouse
W 0°E Cape Town* South Africa
\45°E
/\
- i 90°E
Macquarie Is. j
Antarctica
-^W» Coastline
-•" Edge of ice shelf ^Melbourne
^SftP* Mountain areas / /New
05001000 km Christchurch4 /Zealand {Australia
Map of national claims in Antarctica
The Antarctic Treaty regime
LAW, ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES
Edited by
GILLIAN D. TRIGGS
Senior Lecturer, Law School, University of Melbourne
Under the General Editorship of the
British Institute of International and Comparative Law
The right of the
University of Cambridge
to print and sell
all manner of books
was granted by
Henry VIII in 1534.
The University has printed
and published continuously
since 1584.
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
Cambridge
New York Port Chester Melbourne Sydney
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao Paulo, Delhi
Cambridge University Press
The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK
Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York
www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521327664
© Cambridge University Press 1987
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception
and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without the written
permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published 1987
Reprinted 1989
This digitally printed version 2008
A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data
The Antarctic Treaty regime.
Papers from the proceedings of a conference organised by the British Institute
of International and Comparative Law, in London, April 1985.
Bibliography
Includes index.
1. Antarctic regions - International status - Congresses. 2. Marine pollution
- Law and legislation - Antarctic regions - Congresses. 3. Mining Law - Ant-
arctic regions - Congresses. I. Triggs, Gillian D. (Gillian Doreen), 1945-
II. British Institute of International and Comparative Law.
JX4084.A5A556 1987 341.2'9'09989 86-21564
ISBN 978-0-521-32766-4 hardback
ISBN 978-0-521-10008-3 paperback
Contents
Frontispiece: Map of national claims iv
List of contributors *x
List of Antarctic Treaty Parties x
Foreword xi
Introduction xiv
Part I Antarctica: physical environment and scientific research
1 Introduction 3
2 The Antarctic physical environment
D. J. Drewry 6
3 Scientific opportunities in the Antarctic
R. M. Laws 28
Part II The Antarctic Treaty regime: legal issues
4 Introduction 51
5 The Antarctic scene: legal and political facts
R. Trolle-Andersen 57
6 The Antarctic Treaty system: a viable alternative for the
regulation of resource-oriented activities
F. Orrego Vicuna 65
7 The relevance of Antarctica to the lawyer
Hazel Fox 11
8 The Antarctic Treaty system: some jurisdictional problems
G. D. Triggs 88
Part III The Antarctic Treaty regime: protecting the marine environment
9 Introduction 113
10 The Antarctic Treaty system as a resource management
mechanism
J.A.Gulland 116
11 Regulated development and conservation of Antarctic
resources
M. W. Holdgate 128
12 Recent developments in Antarctic conservation
W. N. Bonner 143
Vlll
13 Environmental protection and the future of the Antarctic:
new approaches and perspectives are necessary
J.N.Barnes 150
Part IV The Antarctic Treaty regime: minerals regulation
14 Introduction 161
15 Antarctic mineral resources: negotiations for a mineral
resources regime
A. D. Watts 164
16 Mineral resources: commercial prospects for Antarctic
minerals
F. G. Larminie 176
17 Negotiation of a minerals regime
G. D. Triggs 182
Part V Whither Antarctica? Future policies
18 Introduction 199
19 Current and future problems arising from activities in the
Antarctic
J. A. Heap 201
20 Antarctica: the claims of'expertise' versus 'interest'
Zain-Azraai 211
21 Whither Antarctica? Alternative strategies
J.R.Rowland 218
Part VI Conclusion
22 The United Nations in Antarctica? A watching brief
G. D. Triggs 229
Selected reading 234
Appendix J 236
Appendix 2 238
Contributors
James H. Barnes, Director, The Antarctica Project, Washington DC.
William N. Bonner, Head, Life Sciences Division, British Antarctic Survey, UK.
David J. Drewry, Director, Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge,
UK.
Hazel Fox, Director, British Institute of International and Comparative Law,
London, UK.
John A. Gulland, Imperial College, London and FAO.
John A. Heap, Head of Polar Regions Section, South America Department, Foreign
and Commonwealth Office, UK.
Martin W. Holdgate, Chief Scientist, Department of Environmental and Develop-
ment of Transport, UK
F. G. Larminie, Coordinator - External Affairs, Health, Safety and Environmental
Services for British Petroleum, UK.
Richard M. Laws, Director, British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK.
John Rowland, former Ambassador of Australia, Department of Foreign Affairs.
Gillian D. Triggs, Senior Lecturer, Law School, University of Melbourne, Australia.
Rolph Trolle-Andersen, Minister Plenipotentiary, Royal Ministry of Foreign
Affairs, Norway.
Francisco Orrego Vicuna, Director of the Institute of International Studies of the
University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
A. D. Watts, Deputy Legal Advisor, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, London,
UK
H. E. Ambassador Zain-Azraai, Permanent Representative of Malaysia to the
United Nations.
IX