The Anglo-dutch Favourite: The Career of Hans Willem Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland (16491709) (Politics and Culture in North-Western Europe 1650-1720) PDF
Preview The Anglo-dutch Favourite: The Career of Hans Willem Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland (16491709) (Politics and Culture in North-Western Europe 1650-1720)
THE ANGLO-DUTCH FAVOURITE POLITICS AND CULTURE IN NORTH-WEST EUROPE 1650–1720 Series Editors Dr Tony Claydon, University of Wales, Bangor, UK Dr Hugh Dunthorne, University of Wales Swansea, UK Dr Charles-Edouard Levillain, Université de Lille 2, France Dr Esther Mijers, University of Reading, UK Dr David Onnekink, Universiteit Utrecht, The Netherlands Focusing on the years between the end of the Thirty Years’ War and the end of the War of Spanish Succession, this new monograph series seeks to broaden scholarly knowledge of this crucial period that witnessed the solidification of Europe into centralised nation states and created a recognisably modern political map. Bridging the gap between the early modern period of the Reformation and the eighteenth century of colonial expansion and industrial revolution these years provide a fascinating era of study in which nationalism, political dogma, economic advantage, scientific development, cultural interests and strategic concerns began to overtake religion as the driving force of European relations and national foreign policies. The period under investigation, c.1650–1720 corresponds to the decline of Spanish power and the rise of French hegemony that was only to be finally broken following the defeat of Napoleon in 1815. This shifting political powerbase presented opportunities and dangers for many countries, resulting in numerous alliances between formerly hostile nations attempting to consolidate or increase their international influence, or restrain that of a rival. Three of the most influential nations at this time, France, Great Britain and The Netherlands, were all at some stage during this period either at war or in alliance with one another. Despite this being a formative period in the formation of the European landscape, there has been remarkably little joined-up research that studies events from an international, rather than national perspective. By providing a forum that encourages scholars to engage with the subject of politics, diplomacy, war and international relations on a broad European basis, it is hoped that a greater understanding of this pivotal era will be forthcoming. The Anglo-Dutch Favourite The Career of Hans Willem Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland (1649–1709) DAVID ONNEKINK Universiteit Utrecht, The Netherlands © David Onnekink 2007 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. David Onnekink has asserted his moral right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the author of this work. Published by Ashgate Publishing Limited Ashgate Publishing Company Gower House Suite 420 Croft Road 101 Cherry Street Aldershot Burlington, VT 05401-4405 Hampshire GU11 3HR USA England Ashgate website: http://www.ashgate.com British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Onnekink, David The Anglo-Dutch favourite : the career of Hans Willem Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland (1649–1709) 1. Portland, William Bentinck, Earl of, 1649–1709 2. Statesmen – Great Britain – Biography 3. Statesmen – Netherlands – Biography 4. Great Britain – History – William and Mary, 1689–1702 5. Great Britain – Politics and government – 1689–1702 6. Netherlands – History – 1648–1714 7. Netherlands – Politics and government – 1648–1714 I. Title 941'.068'092 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Onnekink, David. The Anglo-Dutch favourite : the career of Hans Willem Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland (1649–1709) / by David Onnekink. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-7546-5545-8 (alk. paper) 1. Portland, William Bentinck, Earl of, 1649–1709. 2. William III, King of England, 1650–1702. 3. Great Britain – Court and courtiers – Biography. 4. Great Britain – History – William and Mary, 1689–1702. 5. Great Britain – Foreign relations – 1689–1702. I. Title. DA462.P7O66 2006 941.06'8092—dc22 2006005529 ISBN 978-0-7546-5545-9 Printed and bound in Great Britain by MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin, Cornwall. This book is dedicated to my parents This page intentionally left blank Contents List of Illustrations ix Acknowledgments xi List of Abbreviations xiii Notes on Style and Dates xv Introduction 1 1 The Making of a Favourite (1649–85) 7 2 For Religion and Liberty? The Crises of 1688 37 3 The Consolidation of the Williamite Settlement (1689–91) 63 4 ‘Lord Portland takes all’: The Re-emergence of the Favourite 85 5 ‘The Spirit of Contention’: Politics and Parties 123 6 ‘The Great Affair’:War on the Continent 147 7 Ganymede: The Image of the Favourite 175 8 Arcana Imperii: War and Peace (1697–1700) 197 9 The Vestiges of Power (1697–1709) 229 Conclusion 261 Bibliography 267 Index 289 This page intentionally left blank List of Illustrations 1 William III and Hans Willem Bentinck. 100 x 140 cm. Painting. By permission of Iconografisch Bureau/RKD, The Hague. 2 Anne Villiers. Oil on canvas. By permission of Iconografisch Bureau/RKD, The Hague. 3 Jane Martha Temple. Oil on canvas. By Simon Dubois. 36 x 31 cm, Middachten, De Steeg. By permission of Iconografisch Bureau/RKD, The Hague. 4 Hans Willem Bentinck. Oil on canvas. By Simon Dubois. 36 x 31 cm, Middachten, De Steeg. By permission of Iconografisch Bureau/RKD, The Hague. 5 Plan of the Dutch invasion fleet, 1688. By Hans Willem Bentinck. By permission of Manuscripts and Special Collections, The University of Nottingham (Ref. Pw A 2197/2). 6 ‘Hollands hollende koe’, 1690. By permission of Atlas van Stolk (Ref. 2827).
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