Astronomers’ Universe For other volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/6960 David Schultz The Andromeda Galaxy and the Rise of Modern Astronomy David Schultz Hamline University St. Paul, Minnesota, USA ISSN 1614-659X ISBN 978-1-4614-3048-3 ISBN 978-1-4614-3049-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-3049-0 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012933795 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2012 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Cover illustration: Andromeda Galaxy, IRAS 00400+4059, M 31, Messier 31, NGC 224. Image taken by NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) For Richard DeLuca, my first astronomy teacher. Thank you. Acknowledgments Thanks go out to so many individuals who helped make this book possible. First thanks go to Alex Hons and Wayne Orchis- ton, my astronomy professors at James Cook University, as well as my classmates. All of them were patient and supportive of my research. I especially wish to acknowledge Wayne; it was under him that much of the preliminary research on the Andromeda Galaxy was done. Before these individuals stands Richard DeLuca – my first astronomy teacher. His classes at the Roberson Planetarium in Binghamton, New York, inspired me beyond words. But beyond my astronomy professors, I also thank many other professors across programs in philosophy and political science. As the reader shall find, this book crosses many fields of study as it examines astronomy and the Andromeda Galaxy. It is this inter- disciplinary approach that in part makes this book unique and such a pleasure to have written. The Minnesota Astronomical Society members also deserve special recognition. Their enthusiasm for astronomy is an inspira- tion to me. Finally Helene my wife deserves acknowledgement for listen- ing to me discuss the topic of the Andromeda Galaxy way more than any person should. Her patience with me is remarkable. vii About the Author David Schultz is an avid amateur astronomer with a master’s degree in astronomy from James Cook University. He is a Hamline University professor in the School of Business, where he teaches classes in government ethics, public policy, and public adminis- tration. He also holds appointments at the Hamline University and Minnesota schools of law, where he teaches election law, pro- fessional responsibility, and state constitutional law. Professor Schultz is the author of more than 25 books and 80 articles. In addition to a degree in astronomy, he has a Ph.D. in political sci- ence and a law degree from the University of Minnesota, a masters of law from the University of London, a masters degree in political science from Rutgers University, a masters degree in philosophy from Binghamton University, and a bachelors degree in political science and philosophy from Binghamton University. ix
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