The Ancient State of Puyŏ in Northeast Asia: Archaeology and Historical Memory

446 Pages·2016·92.414 MB·English

by  Mark E. Byington

The Ancient State of Puyŏ
in Northeast Asia
Harvard East Asian Monographs 392

The Ancient State of Puyŏ
in Northeast Asia
Archaeology and Historical Memory
Mark E. Byington
Published by the Harvard University Asia Center
Distributed by Harvard University Press
Cambridge (Massachusetts) and London 2016
© 2016 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College
Printed in the United States of America
The Harvard University Asia Center publishes a monograph series and, in coordination with the Fairbank
Center for Chinese Studies, the Korea Institute, the Reischauer Institute of Japanese Studies, and other faculties
and institutes, administers research projects designed to further scholarly understanding of China, Japan,
Vietnam, Korea, and other Asian countries. The Center also sponsors projects addressing multidisciplinary
and regional issues in Asia.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Byington, Mark E., author.
The ancient state of Puyo in northeast Asia : archaeology and historical memory / Mark E. Byington.
Harvard East Asian Monographs ; 392.
Cambridge, Massachusetts : Published by the Harvard University Asia Center, 2016. | Series: Harvard East
Asian Monographs ; 392 |
Includes bibliographical references and index.
LCCN 2015018478 | ISBN 978-0-674-73719-8 (hardcover : alk. paper)
Puyo (Ancient kingdom) | Excavations (Archaeology)—China—Manchuria. | Archaeology and history—
China—Manchuria. | Korea—History—To 935—Historiography. |Korea—Historiography. | Manchuria
(China)—Antiquities. | Manchuria (China)—History.
LCC DS783.4 .B95 2016 | DDC 931/.804—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2015018478
Index by the author
Printed on acid-free paper
Last figure below indicates year of this printing
20 19 18 17 16
This book is dedicated to my mother,
Madge T. Byington,
and to the memory of my father,
Frank E. Byington

Contents
List of Plates, Figures, and Tables ix
Acknowledgments xiii
A Note to the Reader xiv
A Note on the Politics of Romanization xiv
Introduction 1
1 The Beginnings of History in Northeast Asia 8
2 Ancient Peoples and States of Northeast China and Korea 25
3 The Archaeology of Puyŏ—Part One: Bronze Age Antecedents 62
4 The Archaeology of Puyŏ—Part Two: Formation of the Puyŏ State 101
5 History of the Puyŏ State 140
6 Society and Territory of the Puyŏ State 181
7 Post-Conquest Puyŏ Survivals 231
Conclusion: Two Phases of State Formation 279
Introduction to the Appendixes: Puyŏ in Studies of Historical Geography 307
Appendix A: The Capital of the Puyŏ State 309
Appendix B: Koguryŏ’s Puyŏ-sŏng 336
Appendix C: Parhae’s Puyŏ-bu 347
Bibliography 357
Index 385

Plates, Figures, and Tables
Plates
Following Page 180
1 Bronze buckle from Laoheshen
2 Gilt-bronze hook ornament from Laoheshen
3 Gold earrings from Laoheshen
4 Bronze wrist ornaments from Laoheshen
5 Bronze cauldron from Laoheshen
6 Bronze mirror from Laoheshen
7 Tomb 15 in Area 1 at Maoershan
8 Dou pedestal vessel from Maoershan
9 Guan vessel from Maoershan
10 Gold ornament from Maoershan
11 Silver earring from Maoershan
12 Beads from Maoershan
13 Bronze cauldron from Maoershan
14 Lacquerware bowl from Maoershan
15 Axle cap and linchpin from Maoershan
16 Face-shaped finial cap from Maoershan
17 Silk from Maoershan
18 Swords from Xichagou
19 Earrings from Xichagou
20 Face mask from Lamadong
21 Dongtuanshan viewed across the Songhua River
22 Nanchengzi walled site viewed from the top of Dongtuanshan
x Plates, Figures, and Tables
23 Breach in the Nanchengzi wall
24 Interior of the Nanchengzi wall
25 Exterior view of Nanchengzi
26 Exterior of the Nanchengzi wall
27 Hu vessel from Dongtuanshan
28 Dwelling site at Dongtuanshan
29 Excavation of the Dongtuanshan wall
30 Gilt-bronze face mask found near Maoershan
31 Gilt-bronze face masks found near Maoershan
32 Exterior of the Dongjiatun walled site at Shanghewan
33 Interior of the Dongjiatun walled site at Shanghewan
34 The Gaolifang Nanshan walled site at Shanghewan
35 Wall of the Gaolifang Nanshan site at Shanghewan
36 The Xiaochengzi walled site in Shulan County
37 Wall of the Xiaochengzi site in Shulan County
Figures
I.1 Map showing the location of Puyŏ in Northeast Asia xvi
2.1 Jilin Province, municipalities, and counties 27
2.2 Liaoning Province, municipalities, and counties 27
2.3 The territories of Yan and regions farther north 30
2.4 Yan and the neighboring states and peoples 31
2.5 Inscription on a bronze vessel from the Kazuo cache 38
2.6 The Yan state and the peoples to its north 41
2.7 The territory of Yan after its expansion 44
2.8 Liaodong and the surrounding regions, ca. 75 bce 50
2.9 Layout of the Taijitun site 53
2.10 The Liaodong region and archaeological sites 55
2.11 Examples of Yan coins 59
2.12 Layout of the Erlonghu walled site 60
3.1 The Liaoning dagger 64
3.2 Bronze Age sites in Liaoning 65
3.3 Distribution of Xituanshan sites 70