Table Of Content

01_065440 ffirs.qxp 5/31/07 9:19 AM Page i The Ancient Egyptians FOR DUMmIES ‰ 01_065440 ffirs.qxp 5/31/07 9:19 AM Page ii 01_065440 ffirs.qxp 5/31/07 9:19 AM Page iii The Ancient Egyptians FOR DUMmIES ‰ by Charlotte Booth 01_065440 ffirs.qxp 5/31/07 9:19 AM Page iv The Ancient Egyptians For Dummies® Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd The Atrium Southern Gate Chichester West Sussex PO19 8SQ England E-mail (for orders and customer service enquires): [email protected] Visit our Home Page on www.wiley.com Copyright ©2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, West Sussex, England Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, West Sussex All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or trans- mitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or other- wise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 4LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, England, or emailed to [email protected], or faxed to (44) 1243 770620. Trademarks:Wiley, the Wiley Publishing logo, For Dummies, the Dummies Man logo, A Reference for the Rest of Us!, The Dummies Way, Dummies Daily, The Fun and Easy Way, Dummies.com and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Wiley Publishing, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. LIMIT OF LIABILITY/DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY: THE PUBLISHER, THE AUTHOR, AND ANYONE ELSE INVOLVED IN PREPARING THIS WORK MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS WORK AND SPECIFICALLY DIS- CLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PAR- TICULAR PURPOSE. NO WARRANTY MAY BE CREATED OR EXTENDED BY SALES OR PROMOTIONAL MATERIALS. THE ADVICE AND STRATEGIES CONTAINED HEREIN MAY NOT BE SUITABLE FOR EVERY SITUATION. THIS WORK IS SOLD WITH THE UNDERSTANDING THAT THE PUBLISHER IS NOT ENGAGED IN RENDERING LEGAL, ACCOUNTING, OR OTHER PROFESSIONAL SERVICES. IF PROFES- SIONAL ASSISTANCE IS REQUIRED, THE SERVICES OF A COMPETENT PROFESSIONAL PERSON SHOULD BE SOUGHT. NEITHER THE PUBLISHER NOR THE AUTHOR SHALL BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES ARISING HEREFROM. THE FACT THAT AN ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE IS REFERRED TO IN THIS WORK AS A CITATION AND/OR A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF FURTHER INFORMATION DOES NOT MEAN THAT THE AUTHOR OR THE PUBLISHER ENDORSES THE INFORMATION THE ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE MAY PROVIDE OR RECOMMENDATIONS IT MAY MAKE. FURTHER, READERS SHOULD BE AWARE THAT INTERNET WEBSITES LISTED IN THIS WORK MAY HAVE CHANGED OR DISAPPEARED BETWEEN WHEN THIS WORK WAS WRITTEN AND WHEN IT IS READ. For general information on our other products and services, please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at 800-762-2974, outside the U.S. at 317-572-3993, or fax 317-572-4002. For technical support, please visit www.wiley.com/techsupport. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data: A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN: 978-0-470-06544-0 Printed and bound in Great Britain by Bell and Bain Ltd, Glasgow. Translations by James Henry Brested, B. Brier, J. and R. Janssen, Barbara S. Lesko, M. Lichtheim, C. El Mahdy, C. Nims, R. Partridge, James B. Pritchard. With thanks to C. Banks, W. Frostick, D. Thompson, and G. Webb for their kind permission to reproduce the photographs in this book. 01_065440 ffirs.qxp 5/31/07 9:19 AM Page v About the Author Charlotte Booth is a freelance Egyptologist who started her education at Birkbeck, University of London, with a Diploma in Egyptology. From there she went to University College London and gained a degree and a Masters in Egyptian Archaeology. She is currently studying at the University of Wales, Swansea, for a PhD, and has written a number of articles and books on Egyptology. Charlotte teaches archaeology and Egyptology in various adult education institutions including the Workers’ Educational Association and Birkbeck. She is the founder of the Essex Egyptology Group. Charlotte has worked in Egypt on the Egyptian Antiquities Information System (EAIS) project (part of the Supreme Council of Antiquities) as an Archaeological Researcher. Closer to home, she appeared on The New Paul O’Grady Showas the mummification expert! 01_065440 ffirs.qxp 5/31/07 9:19 AM Page vi 01_065440 ffirs.qxp 5/31/07 9:19 AM Page vii Author’s Acknowledgements Over the years many people have inspired me to continue researching and writing. I would like to thank my mum for giving me the all-important first break, the good education, and for her support over the years. Thanks to my fiancé, Wayne Frostick, who knows when to offer advice and when to go and watch the football. Various Egyptologists over the years have also inspired me, including Rosalind Janssen and the late Dominic Montserrat; both were inspirational and memorable teachers. My students also help a great deal by letting me know exactly what is interesting and what is not. Apparently I get the two confused sometimes. Let’s hope I have got the right blend in this book. IfI have got it right, this is due to the guidance of the For Dummiesteam: SamClapp, Rachael Chilvers, and Brian Kramer. 01_065440 ffirs.qxp 5/31/07 9:19 AM Page viii Publisher’s Acknowledgements We’re proud of this book; please send us your comments through our Dummies online registration form located at www.dummies.com/register/. Some of the people who helped bring this book to market include the following: Acquisitions, Editorial, and Composition Services Media Development Project Coordinator: Jennifer Theriot Project Editor: Rachael Chilvers Layout and Graphics:Claudia Bell, Development Editor:Brian Kramer Shane Johnson, Barbara Moore, Heather Ryan, Alicia B. South, Content Editor: Steve Edwards ChristineWilliams Commissioning Editor: Samantha Clapp Proofreaders:Laura Albert, Susan Moritz Copy Editor: Sally Lansdell Indexer: Aptara Proofreader:Mary White Brand Reviewer: Jennifer Bingham Executive Editor: Jason Dunne Executive Project Editor: Martin Tribe Cover Photos:©Trip/Alamy Cartoons: Rich Tennant (www.the5thwave.com) Publishing and Editorial for Consumer Dummies Diane Graves Steele, Vice President and Publisher, Consumer Dummies Joyce Pepple, Acquisitions Director, Consumer Dummies Kristin A. Cocks, Product Development Director, Consumer Dummies Michael Spring, Vice President and Publisher, Travel Kelly Regan,Editorial Director, Travel Publishing for Technology Dummies Andy Cummings,Vice President and Publisher, Dummies Technology/General User Composition Services Gerry Fahey,Vice President of Production Services Debbie Stailey,Director of Composition Services 02_065440 ftoc.qxp 5/31/07 9:19 AM Page ix Contents at a Glance Introduction.................................................................1 Part I: Introducing the Ancient Egyptians.......................7 Chapter 1: Getting Grounded: The Geography and History of Ancient Egypt............9 Chapter 2: Examining the Lives of the Everyday Egyptians.......................................29 Part II: Stepping Back in Time.....................................55 Chapter 3: Building a Civilisation with Military Might................................................57 Chapter 4: Building the Empire: The Glories of the New Kingdom............................79 Chapter 5: Looking at the Power Behind the Throne: Royal Women .....................101 Chapter 6: Following the Decline and Fall of the Egyptian Civilisation...................117 Part III: Living Life to the Full: Culture and Beliefs.....139 Chapter 7: Enjoying Food and Entertainment............................................................141 Chapter 8: Staying Healthy: Diseases and Medicine..................................................157 Chapter 9: Worshipping like an Egyptian: Religion....................................................171 Chapter 10: Exploring Funerary Beliefs and Mummification....................................189 Part IV: Interpreting Egyptian Art and Architecture....207 Chapter 11: Deciphering Egyptian Art and Hieroglyphs...........................................209 Chapter 12: Touring the Temples.................................................................................229 Chapter 13: Excavating the Tombs: Houses of Eternity............................................253 Chapter 14: Probing the Pyramids...............................................................................271 Part V: The Part of Tens ............................................285 Chapter 15: Top Ten Breakthroughs in Egyptology...................................................287 Chapter 16: Ten Egyptians Worth Knowing................................................................297 Chapter 17: Ten Ancient Egyptian Achievements......................................................307 Chapter 18: Top Ten Places to Visit in Egypt..............................................................317 Chapter 19: Ten Key Egyptologists..............................................................................327 Index.......................................................................335