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The Ancient Egyptian Language: An Historical Study PDF

270 Pages·2013·2.174 MB·
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more information - www.cambridge.org/9781107032460 TheAncientEgyptianLanguage AnHistoricalStudy Thisbook,thefirstofitskind,examineshowthephonologyandgrammarof theancientEgyptianlanguagechangedovermorethanthreethousandyears ofitshistory,fromthefirstappearanceofwrittendocuments,c.3250bc,to the Coptic dialects of the second century ad and later. Part One discusses phonology, working backward from the vowels and consonants of Coptic to those that can be deduced for earlier stages of the language. Part Two isdevotedtogrammar,includingbothbasiccomponentssuchasnounsand the complex history of the verbal system. The book thus provides both a synchronicdescriptionofthefivemajorhistoricalstagesofancientEgyptian andadiachronicanalysisoftheirdevelopmentandrelationship. jamesp.allenistheWilbourProfessorofEgyptologyatBrownUniversity. HeisaformercuratorofEgyptianartattheMetropolitanMuseumofArtin NewYorkandpresidentoftheInternationalAssociationofEgyptologists.His previouspublicationsincludeGenesisinEgypt:ThePhilosophyofAncient EgyptianCreationAccounts(1989),MiddleEgyptian:AnIntroductiontothe LanguageandCultureofHieroglyphs(2000,2010),TheHeqanakhtPapyri (2002),TheAncientEgyptianPyramidTexts(2005),andTheDebatebetween aManandhisSoul(2010). The Ancient Egyptian Language An Historical Study JamesP.Allen cambridgeuniversitypress Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown, Singapore,Sa˜oPaulo,Delhi,MexicoCity CambridgeUniversityPress TheEdinburghBuilding,CambridgeCB28RU,UK PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyCambridgeUniversityPress, NewYork www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107664678 (cid:2)C JamesP.Allen2013 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2013 PrintedandboundintheUnitedKingdombyBellandBainLtd AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloguinginPublicationdata Allen,JamesP.,1945– TheancientEgyptianlanguage:anhistoricalstudy/byJamesP.Allen. p. cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-1-107-03246-0(hardback) 1.Egyptianlanguage–History. 2.Egyptianlanguage–Grammar,Historical. 3.Egyptianlanguage–Phonology. I.Title. PJ1111.A44 2012 493(cid:3).15–dc23 2012024808 ISBN978-1-107-03246-0Hardback ISBN978-1-107-66467-8Paperback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceor accuracyofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredto inthispublication,anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuch websitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. Contents Preface pageix Conventions xi 1. Phonologicalconventions xi 2. Glossingconventions xiii 1 AncientEgyptian 1 1.1 Affinities 1 1.2 Historicaloverview 2 1.3 Writing 4 1.4 Diachronicanalysis 5 PartOne Phonology 2 Copticphonology 11 2.1 TheCopticalphabet 11 2.2 Syllablestructureandstress 12 2.3 Vowels 13 2.4 Consonants 17 3 CopticandEgyptian 23 3.1 Syllablestructureandstress 23 3.2 Vowels 24 3.3 Consonants 26 4 Correspondentsandcognates 31 4.1 EgyptianrenditionsofSemiticwords 31 4.2 Cognates 33 4.3 Valuesfromcorrespondentsandcognates 36 5 Egyptianphonology 37 5.1 Theconsonants 37 5.2 Egyptianconsonantalphonesandphonemes 50 5.3 ThegraphemesofEgyptian 53 5.4 Generalhistoricalprocesses 54 v vi Contents PartTwo Grammar 6 Nouns,pronouns,andadjectives 59 6.1 Nouns 60 6.2 Interrogativeanddemonstrativepronouns 64 6.3 Personalpronouns 65 6.4 Nounphrases 71 6.5 Adjectives 73 7 Non-verbalpredicates 79 7.1 Nominalpredicates 79 7.2 Adjectivalpredicates 86 7.3 Adverbialpredicates 88 7.4 Negations 89 7.5 Non-verbalpredicateswithjw 91 8 Verbs 94 8.1 Thelexicallevel 94 8.2 Thephrasallevel 100 8.3 Theclausallevel 102 8.4 Thesententiallevel 102 9 Verbs:EgyptianI 104 9.1 Morphology 104 9.2 Featuresoftheprimaryverbalsystem 119 9.3 Negations 127 9.4 Theexpressionofpastandperfect 132 9.5 Analyticconstructions 135 9.6 Verbalpredicateswithjw 138 10 Verbs:EgyptianII 141 10.1 Syntheticforms 141 10.2 Analyticforms 144 10.3 TheverbalsystemofEgyptianII 153 11 Verbs:EgyptianI–II 157 11.1 Inflectedforms 157 11.2 Semanticfeatures 160 12 Subordination 164 12.1 Parataxis:nounclauses 166 12.2 Parataxis:adverbclauses 167 12.3 Parataxis:relativeclauses 169 12.4 Hypotaxis:nominalforms 170 12.5 Hypotaxis:otherdedicatedforms 179 12.6 Hypotaxis:subordinatingmorphemes 180 12.7 Summary 195 Contents vii Notes 201 Bibliography 220 1. Studies 220 2. Textsources 229 Indices 235 A. Texts 235 B. Words 243 C. Topics 250

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