The Ancestral Human Microbiome

39 Pages·2016·19.48 MB·English

The Ancestral Human Microbiome:

From Traditional Production and Consumption to
the Impact of Modern Practices in Nutritional Health
among Amazonian peoples

María Gloria Domínguez-Bello and Hortensia Caballero-Arias
NYU School of Medicine, New York
Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC), Caracas
Temporal trend of diseases in developed countries
Bach 1999
Figure 1. Growing incidence of
Figure 1. Growing incidence of
Figure 1. Growing incidence of
immuFnieg udries o1r.d Gerrso wfroinmg i1n9c5id0e-2n0ce0 0o.f
immune disorders from 1950-2000.
immune disorders from 1950-2000.
immune (dBisaocrhd e1r9s9 f9ro) m 1950-2000.
(Bach 1999)
(Bach 1999)
(Bach 1999)
Obesity trends
1990 2008
1999
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29%
≥30%
Source: CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
BMI changes with urbanization
Checherta, Peru (jungle)
Puerto Almendras, Peru (rural)
Iquitos, Peru (town)
Manaus, Brazil (city)
South America
Checherta (jungle) Puerto Almendras Iquitos (town) Manaus (city)
(rural)
115 adults (>19y) and 80 children (2-18y)
Glida Hidalgo, CAICET
Monica Contreras, IVIC
Magda Magris, CAICET
Consequences of modern urban practices
Antibiotics lead to increased fat deposition

Cox et al, Cell 2014

>50 years of antibiotic use for
growth promotion

Figure 1. Growing incidence of
Figure 1. Growing incidence of
Figure 1. Growing incidence of
immuFnieg udries o1r.d Gerrso wfroinmg i1n9c5id0e-2n0ce0 0o.f
immune disorders from 1950-2000.
immune disorders from 1950-2000.
immune (dBisaocrhd e1r9s9 f9ro) m 1950-2000.
(Bach 1999)
(Bach 1999)
(Bach 1999)
Human Microbiome
Mesenchymal stem cell differenciation
Microbial
Immune
Signals
2

Bone Muscle Fat
Diet

Later
Nature-driven evolution
Origin Origin Multicelular life Homo sapiens
of Earth Of life 2.1 billion y ago 0.2 million years ago
4.8 billion 3.8 billion y ago
Y ago
BACTERIA
Costello et al. 2009, Science

Human development and natural exposures
Maternal Environmental
Vaginal

seeding milk – strict lactation
0-6 months >6 months
Newborn 1 month 2 months 4 months 7 months