The Ammophilini of Costa Rica: An identification guide (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae: Sphecinae)

13 Pages·1996·4.3 MB·English

by  A S Menke

J.HYM.RES.
Vol.5,1996,pp.190-202
The Ammophilini ofCosta Rica; An Identification Guide
(Hymenoptera: Sphecidae: Sphecinae)
ArnoldS.Menke
SystematicEntomologyLaboratory,USDA,ARS,c/oNationalMuseumofNaturalHistory,
WashingtonD.C.20560
—
Abstract. Threegenera{AmmophilaKirby,EremiwphilaMenkeandPodaloninFernald)andnine
sthpeeicrieisdeonftifAimcmatoipohn.ilAimnmiopahrielareicsorredperdesfernotmedCboystcaentRriaclaisaCnadmearokney,gaanidimcirliluCsatrmaetrioonns,ppriocivpiedseCdamfo-r
eslerynontnao,n(ayLnempdselpeartroieceerpr)ra;oDpaoanshdeldbP:oodmAa;mlmoEonripcahminbolypaihacitorlninscoebrpyssCa(taStmmrieetorhnoo)nta,atna1d8(8Cm8a,omnaetrnaodmniA).,(Cnmiacgmrleoarcomanemr)nu.l(eTaDhaCehalmfbeoolrmlo)onw,ainn1dg88no8peu=w-
AamnmdopPohdiallaoncioaitcroamliisinCianimserssopn.,i1n8t8e8r;meAdmiamoMpuhrirlaay,co1m9m4u0ni=sCPordeaslsoonni,a1a8t6r5i,ceAp.sa(lSpmeistthri)s,C1a8m56e.roAn.,pi1c8e8i8v,-
entrisCameron,1888istreatedasatentativesynonymofP.atriceps(Smith).Ammophilagaiimeri
CameronisrecordedfromVenezuela.RecordsofPodaloniarobusta(Cresson)inCostaRicaare
showntobeerroneous.
INTRODUCTION of ammophiline species in Costa Rica is
Publication ofthebook. The Hymenop- flercatgimoennotfartyh,eIbnusttitthuetorNapaicdiloynaglrodweiBnigodciovl--
tera of Costa Rica (Hanson and Gauld, ersidad inSantoDomingo (INBio),Costa
1995), will doubtless foster considerable Rica should improve this situation dra-
interest in the wasps of the country, as maticallyinthecomingyears.Menkeand
wSpirpelhslesc)t.ihdTeaheekebfyyosllMtoeowninkggeeniesartnahdeofFfiersrNtneoaofntrdaoespzeirci(aeilsn fsPioatrrekseiornm(Ge1u9as9np6ea)ccipaerssotveoifdPeArdomvmpiohnpcehen,oilloCigonisictaaaltRdioacntaea.
ofpapersdealingwiththeidentificationof Populations of some species reach their
CostaRicanSphecidae. zenithinthedryseason,othersinthewet
Theammophilinewaspsareamongthe season.
largersphecidsinCostaRica,butbecause TheCostaRica/PanamasectionofCen-
of their slenderbuild, they are less con- tral America is a zoogeographical cross-
spicuousthantheircousinsinthegenera roads between the North American and
SphexandIsodontia.Nevertheless,theyare South American sphecid faunas (Hanson
fairly commonly collected. These wasps and Menke, 1995). Some northern ele-
arepredatorsoflepidopterouscaterpillars, mentsextendsouthtotheseasonablydry
although nothing has been published on GuanacasteProvinceofnorthwesternCos-
thebiologyofanyCostaRicanammophi- ta Rica, and apparently go no farther.
line. Three genera are known in Costa Within the Ammophilini,Ammophilapro-
Rica,Ammophila Kirby, Eremnophila Men- cera Dahlbom, Eremnophila aureonotata
ke,andPodaloniaFernald,containingfour, (Cameron), and Podalonia montana Cam-
three,andtwospecies,respectively(Han- eronhavethispattern.Forsomenorthern
sonandMenke, 1995;MenkeandParker, taxa,Panamaisthesouthernlimit,andPo-
1996). Ourknowledgeofthedistribution daloniaatriceps(Smith)istheonlyexample
Volume5,1996 191
in the Ammophilini. Some South Ameri- London,lenttypesforstudy.Depositories
canspeciesoccurasfarnorthasPanama fortypesandothermateriallistedinthis
orCosta Rica.ThecommonSouthAmer- paperareidentifiedbycitynamesincap-
ican wasp Eremnophila bi)iodis (Fabricius) italletters.Theseinstitutionsarelistedbe-
istheonlyammophilinewiththispattern, low.
aasndcesnotrafalr,Piatniasmka.noTwhneornelmyaiansifnagrCnoosrttah TheNaturalHistoryMuseum,London,
Rican ammophilines are more wide- England(LONDON).
spread. ZoologiskaInstitutionen,Lund,Sweden
(LUND).
SOURCESOFMATERIAL UniversitadiTorino,Torino,Italy(TU-
I would like to thank Terry Griswold, RIN).
Bee Biology and Systematics Research Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Gen-
PLaabu.l,HUatnashonS,tatUeniUvneirvserisdiatdy,deLoCgoasnt,aURtiacha;, ovaM,uIstealuym(GfEi.NirOAN)a.turkunde der Hum-
SanJose,CostaRica;andJesusArmando boldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Berlin, Ger-
UgaldeGomez,INBio,SantoDomingode many(BERLIN).
Heredia, Costa Rica, for allowing me to AcademyofNaturalSciences,Philadel-
study their Ammophilini. Frank Parker, phia,Pennsylvania(PHILADELPHIA).
also at Utah State University, sorted National Museum of Natural History,
through his extensive Costa Rican mate- WashingtonD.C.(WASHINGTON).
rialhousedattheUniversity,andsentin- Bee Biology and Systematics Labora-
terestingspecimenstomeforstudy.Colin tory, Utah State University, Logan, Utah
Vardy, The Natural History Museum, (LOGAN).
KEYTOGENERAANDSPECIESOFAMMOPHILINIINCOSTARICA
1. SternumInottaperingdistad (ventralview),meetingandoftenoverlapingbaseofII
(Fig.2);spiracleoftergumIlocatedbeforeapexofsternumI(lateralview.Fig.1)....
PodaloniaFernald 2
SternumI taperingdistad,notreachingbaseofII,interveningspaceusuallylongand
consistingofmembraneandaligament(Fig.4);spiracleoftergumI(lateralview)usually
locatedatorbeyondlevelofsternumIapex(Fig.3) 3
2. Female:gasterred,freemarginofclypeuswithfour,large,irregularteeth;maletergaI-II
bbreolaodwly60b0lamck(redonlylaterally).IIInearlyallblack;GuanacasteProvP.inmcoenattaenlaev(atCiaomnesron)
- F(IeIImamlae:yebnetinraelryrobwlalcyk,blfarcekedmiasrtaglilyn);ofgecnleyrpaelulsywatitehloeuvtattieoentsh;ofma1l0e00temrgaorl-mIIoIreentirelyred
P.atriceps(Smith)
3. Episternalsulcuscurvingposteradfromsubalarfossatoscrobe,thenextendingobliquely
ventradtoanteroventralareaofmesopleuron(Figs.5,7);entirelyblackwaspswithcon-
spicuousspotsofappressedsilversetaeonmesopleuronandpropodealside
EremnophilaMenke 4
- Episternalsulcusextendingstraightdownfromsubalarfossa(Fig.6),notcurvingtoward
scrobe (area in front ofscrobe mav bedepressed,connecting withepisternalsulcus),
sulcussometimesendingatle\elofpronotallobe(Fig.9);abdominaltergaI-IIoftenred;
sideofthoraxwithorwithoutconspicuousspotsofappressedsilversetae 6
4. Scutumanteromediallywithlargeareaofappressedsilverorgoldensetae,surfacean-
terolaterallv densely transversely carinate; malesternum VIII withprominentmedian
tubercle;GuanacasteProv £.aureonotata(Cameron)
192 JournalofHymenopteraResearch
- Scutumwithoutappressedsilverorgoldensetae,surfacepunctateanterolaterally;male
sternumVIIIwithouttubercle;widespreadinCostaRica 5
5. Setaeformingappressedsilvermesopleuralspotarrangedinaswirled,circularpattern
(Figs. 7-8); mesopleuronwithdigiformorconical tubercleanteroventrally(Figs.7-8);
- Smeatlaeegfaostrrmailnsgtesirlnvuermm1e(snooptlpeeutriaolle)spfloattainrrlaantegreadlpirnofsiilneuatepattern;Em.eospouplleenutrao(nLewpietlehtier)
angularbulgeanteroventrally;malegastralsternumIwithangularbulgeatdistalthird
inlateralprofile £.melanaria(Dahlbom)
6. Pronotalcollarandscutumcoarsely,transverselyridged;GuanacasteProvince
A.proceraDahlbom
- Pronotalcollarandscutumsmooth,notcross-ridged;widespreadinCostaRica 7
7. Erectsetaeofheadandthoraxpale;mesopleuronwithlinearbandofappressedsilver
setae(usuallysharplydefined)thatextendsalongmesopleuralsuturefrombaseofmid-
coxatojustbeneathtegula(Fig.6);epistemalsulcusendingatlevelofscrobe(Fig.9)
- Erectsetaeofhead and thoraxblack;mesopleuronwithbroad,non-linAe.arpisciilpveesrCsapomteron
adjacenttomesopleuralsuture,orappressed mesopleuralsetaesparse,notforminga
discretesilverbandorspot;epistemalsulcusextendingpastlevelofscrobetoventral
regionofmesopleuron(Fig.6) 8
8. Female,abdomenwithsixvisibleterga 9
- Male,abdomenwithsevenvisibleterga 10
9. Mesopleuralsilverspot largerthan pronotal lobe,broadly triangular,extendingfrom
scrobetonearmidcoxa;abdominaltergal-Ilusuallypartiallytolargelyred(rarelyall
black);blackpartofabdomenwithoutbluish-greentint A.centralisCameron
- Mesopleuralsilverspot,ifpresent,usuallysmallerthanpronotallobe,locatednextto
midcoxa (spotrarelyextendingtolevelofscrobeasanarrowband);abdomenblack;
body,especiallyabdomen,withbluish-greentint A.gaumeriCameron
10. Apexofgonoforcepsdrawnoutintoalong,narrow,parallel-sidedandlargelyasetose
processthatislongerthanouterspurofhindtibia,andtruncateapically;edgeofgono-
forcepslateraltobaseofapicalprocessfringedwithonetothreelong,slender,palesetae
(Fig.10) A.centralisCameron
Apexofgonoforcepsextendedasafingerlike,incurvedlobe,acuminateapically,itsouter
edgedenselyfringedwithshortsetae;edgeofgonoforcepslateraltobaseoflobefringed
withmanylong,stout,blacksetae(Fig.11) A.gaumeriCameron
AMMOPHILAW.Kirby CameronandgaumeriCameronbelongto
Femald's (1934) revision of the North *^nigrwamgroup(Menke,1970).
American and Mexican members of this AmmophilacentralisCameron
genusisoflittleuseforvariousreasons.
Murray(1938)clarifiedthestah.isofafew (Fig. 10)
species and provided a partial key. 1 AmmopMIacentralisCameron,1888:6.Lectotype;
(Menke,1964a,b,1965,1966b,1967,1970) male. El Reposo, Guatemala (LONDON),
described many new species, established designatedbyMenke,1976:151.
species groups, and new synonymy, but '4"""";''"/""'"«'"•«Cameron,1888:12.Lectotype:
my revision of the New World fauna is "'^^'''^- Yucat.in,Mexico(LONDON),des-
gcstirieolslupinsa:rperpoig.cdJri.i.epvseis.sd.,Ce„Tda,hmeearfmooounnrgVCisos^mt.,tharteR,heiecsaup"n^remcsipr.eew.s- A,mm't,(ogyL^ppO^e/'sNr;f:D*i?wOfN'ein'm>)/!Pa.Tl^O'eC^Nsf",l'ee^n'w<St'-/'aesfn^ylZnC^G^o'ae^nmr^yeo'^mr^n,'oinm^,o^,"1^88G^^8u:ya1"t2"..e"m/Sa"yl"n,a'-
group(Menke,1966b),proceraisinthepro-
cera group (Menke, 1964a), and centralis Ammophila centralis occurs from ex-
Volume5,1996 193
EremnophJIa Ammophila
Figs.1-6. Figs.1-2.FirsttwoabdominalsegmentsofPodalonm.\,lateralprofile;1,ventralview.Figs.3-4.
FirsttwoabdominalsegmentsofAmmophila.3,lateralprofile;4,ventralview.Figs.5-6.Lateralviewofthorax
showingepistemalsulcus(es).5,Eremnophila;6,Ammophila.
tremesouthernTexas(HidalgoandCam- nigrocaenilea as synonyms of centralis
eronCounties)throughCentralAmerica. (Menke, 1976),butIdidnotindicatethat
I havealsocollected thespeciesinxeric thesynonymywasnew.Idosonow.Oc-
karmeaWsofLanoCrotnhcweepsctieornn;VLeanreaz:u2e0lak(mZulEiaC:a-6 bcalsaicoknaalndfeamraeltehsusofsicmeinltarralitsotahreealelntbilraeclky
rora; and Aragua:OcumaredelaCosta) gaumeri. Black femalesofcentralishavea
and even in the Orinoco River basin of broadtriangularpatchofappressedsilver
thatcountry (Guarico: HatoMasaguaral, setae on the mesopleuron, and thebody
44kmSCalabozo,seeMenke&Carpen- lacks thebluish tintcommon ingaumeri.
ter,1985).InCostaRicacentralishasbeen Ingaumerithemesopleuralsilverpatchis
collected in Guanacaste and San Jose located nearthemidcoxaand typicallyis
Provinces. In Guanacaste Province cen- smaller than the pronotal lobe. The first
tralisreachesitshighestpopulationlevels gastral segment of most females of cen-
duringtherainyseason(MenkeandPar- tralisislargelyred,asistergumI(petiole).
ker,1996). The male genitalia of centralis (Fig. 10)
1studiedthetypematerialofCameron's readilyseparatethisspeciesfrommalesof
threenamesin1964,andlistedconsorsand gaumeri(Fig. 11).
194 JOURNALOFHyMENOPTERARESEARCH
AmmophilagaumeriCameron t(yLpOe:NDfOeNma)l.e,SVyonlocannymdye bChyiriMqeunik,e,Pan1a96m5d:
(Fig. 11) 2392.
Ammfoepmahliel,aNg.aYuumceartiaCna,mMeerxoinc,o1(8L8O8:N4DLOeNc)to,tydpees;- Ammlootpyhpiel:afecmhairlieq,ueVnosilscdCnamdeerCohni,riq1u8i8,8:1P8a.naHmoa-
ignatedbyMenke,1976:152. (LONDON). Synonymy by Menke, 1965:
Ammophila micansCameron, 1888:5. Syntypes: 2392.
fDeOmNa)le.s,SySnaonnyGmeryobnyimFoe,maGluda,te1m93a4l:a114(.LON- PaAnmammoaphtiolaTepxicaispesanodccusrosutfhreormnnAorritzhoenran,
MelyreAnxcmiVomceloolnpeechtztoiueledtalhaeag,saxbuecmureietncrtiritraleirisgasinnogewnevissetrhoffarwsonhomcirocttmrhhowmpeoiitscntai--ls acsPienreaodssvoioitfnnicAsemstmph(eoeMcpiemhenoissk,lteaacaitonnmdClmoePaosastnrtakleyRirin,ccoa1l.G9lu9eIa6tc)nti.asedcaassdprteye-
eisaskilnyocwonnfounsleyd.frInomCoGsutaanaRciacsattehePrsopveicnicees onThtheelmoensgobpalneudroofnaipspdriesstsiencdtisvielv(eFrigs.et9a)e,
T(neMhveeenrkVee,bneeez19nu9e1lp,aubnMleirnsehckeoedr,dasnbfduotrPgaiarnukem1re9,r7i619h9aa6nv)de. beoulfettvhaietnimosneossmoetphlefeeuamrpapolrneess(asofneddpipscriilpovepseordfperuaoblmesshicidegenh)ceiers
1(9O8c1umIacroelldeceteladCiotsitna)thaensdtaZtuelsiaof(LAorsagAuna- menoarsePerxotve.n,s6iv0e0(mS,anLOIsGiAdrNo)G.enIenratlh,esPeunstpaerc--
gmealTlehesissdienlspfTeruceicseuhsccooi)snd(einWttiAiorSneHlhyIaNvbGelaTcaOkr,Nea)sa.nodfmfie-- ibaemncedanupssreothpeothdseeeatiallnstpieadgteuclmhoeessnetotfhiestihrgeesnhmeaerrsapollpmylaerfugariironlnsy
crosetaewithabluishcaste.Thisispartic- denselycoveredwithappressedsUversetae.
ularlynoticeableonthegaster,mesopleu- Eventhescutumandpropodealdorsumare
rmaoapnlp,reesasnsudseudtahsloilrlyavechriacsvedetoaroensolunym.tahIesnmmaealdsldoiptpliaeotunc,rhofnoe,f- potifhcitisepneesxspitlhavanetdryeIdhiancvosevuecsrheaegmneatfoerfroiaampl.pPraMenosassemtdaosfhialtvvheeer
and it is near the midcoxa. This patch is setaeonthethorax.
ouptsunaureneadlfeleaydmnadsulmpeaewlxfaltrereorndmdtsCaholasoontnnagttohRteihtecpharemotenhhsoeyotpppaloaleetupclrhioabmieles,resahxuli-- gstrpharAoceimrlamoiduos,gphLhceliopylemalsmetptouiicdeniirpe,eSdso,buiustIthsciuomAnnitmslieialrdreibtrcooattthnhheescpmawenicddiiebes-es-
anreezaN(uEnsteazc,io2n0ExkpmerSimWentofalCaErntrais,quGeuJainmae-- tinct.
casteProv.;LOGAN).Malesoigaumeriand AmmophilaproceraDahlbom
crieennaItd1riea9ll6xiy4assmaaeirnpneadervdacetoreCnyaftmisheiremrmmiolFna(er's,meseabltuFdiytg'psset.shse1o0ygf-ne1no1mi)int.cyaalmniysa AAmmmmftooeyppmpeahh:liiellf,aeam"apNplrr.eooc,ceAer"mraAeamDria.LechpSalee"blpeot(t.miL",eUr(N,1T8DU4)1R3.8:I41N55):.,37Hn6o.eleotHDyoaplheol:--
withgaumeri. bom,1843.SynonymybyMenke,1965:2392.
AmmophilapicipesCameron Ammmoapleh,ilCaalsiafeovraniSamit(hL,'ON18D5O6N:2)2,2.dLeescitgontaytpeed:fbey-
(Fig.9) Menke, 1976:153. Synonymy by Femald,
AAmmmmmmooaaplpleheh,,iillTaaVeompallaictcxii^c,pnoelsYaudCCceaaamtmCeaehrnri,oornnqM,u,eix,11i888c8P88o:a:11(n10aL..mOHHaNooDllooO(ttNLyyO)ppN.ee-:: Amm1ifo9eg3pmn4aah:lti4eel4,d.aCb^hnya/rplMhsieitnsoknSe,m,iFtl1ho9,r7i61d:8a15563(:.L2OS2N2y.DnOLoeNnc)yt,motyydpebesy:-
DON).SynonymybyMenke,1965:2392. Femald,1934:44.
Ammophila vokanica Cameron, 1888:17. Holo- Ammophila barbata Smith, 1873:260. Syntypes:
Volume5,1996 195
... -..^
9A. picipes
Figs.7-9. Fig.7.Scanningelectronphotomicrographsofleftsideofthorax.7-8,£.'.remiiophilaopmlenta. ;is
closeupofwhorledsetae;9,Animophitapicipes.
females, Mexico (missing). Synonymy by acaste Province (Estacion Experimental
Femald,1934:44. EnriqueJimenezNuiiez,20kmSWCafias;
AAmmmmmskDooaepOppleNhehc(),ii1i.9llm7aaeS6Sn:ayc1cnnah5es3raoe)mGnslpeeyiucrmCont6nnyaonietmiycbepeCmyresao.osFm,naeer,mriGaolul1yn8ad,8t,d8ee:11s8m89.ia83g8l4n::Ha9a4o.t4l.eo(LdtLMeycOetptNhneoi--:-s caaFobimllnTolychanaeragJbecoonrCufnootyss,psttr-ha3ore0ciRedskrigomaecudatNnhasercLrAeiunmbtmeuluorinimpmiaih.qtiauTlnoehafdisiftpasiernsaordptnaruoniortgmbeae--.sl
type: female, San Geronimo, Guatemala mediatelyidentifyit.
(LONDON),designatedbyMenke,1976:153. 1examinedthetypematerialofallofthe
SynonymybyFemald,1934:44. Smith(exceptbarbata)andCameronnames
Ammophila striolata Cameron, 1888:10. Holo- in the above synonymy in 1964 and can
type: female, Ventanas, Durango, Mexico confirmFemald'ssynonymy.Astobarbata,
(LONEXDN).SynonymybyFemald,1934:44. Smith's description stronglysuggeststhat
Ammophilaprocera is found throughout itisasynonymofprocera. Itisapparently
North America, and its range extends anexampleoftheentirelyblackproceraoc-
fromsouthernCanadasouthwardthrough casionally found in Mexico. Searches for
Mexico and into Central America. It oc- typematerialofbarbataattheNaturalHis-
curs as far south as Costa Rica (Menke, toryMuseuminLondonandtheMuseum
1991),whereitisknownonlyfromGuan- atOxfordhavebeenfruitless.
196 JournalofHymenopteraResearch
EREMNOPHILAMenke totype:female.VillaMorra,Paraguay(BER-
This genus is endemic to the New oLInNy),mydebsyigMneantkeed,b1y96M4:e8n7k8e., 1964:878. Syn-
World,buteightofitsninespeciesarere-
stricted to the Neotropical Region. I re- This large wasp occurs from tropical
viewed thegenus(asa subgenusofAm- MexicotoArgentina.InCostaRicaitisthe
mophila), segregated the species into least commonly collected species of Er-
groups, and keyed the species (Menke, emnophila. The mesopleural tubercle and
1964c). Ercmnophilawassubsequentlyele- whorlednatureofthemesopleuralsilver
vatedtogenus(Menke,1966a).Threespe- patch(Figs.7-8)easilyidentifythiswasp.
cies are currently known in Costa Rica,
but a fourth, binodis (Fabricius), may be Eremnophilamelanaria(Dahlbom)
cPdoiausncnaotmvraey.rbeEedrceaimunnsoepthhieitliassobkuintnohodewirsnnifseranodmcocomefnmttrohanel AmmtMoyeppnehkieml,aale1m:9e6l"4aB:nr8aa7sr8i.ilaiaD"ah(lLbUoNmD,),18d4e3s:i1g5n.atLeedctboy-
waspinSouthAmerica. AmmophilamiliarisCameron,1888:3.Lectotype:
female,Bugaba,Panama(LONDON),desig-
Eremnophilaaureonotata(Cameron) natedbyMenke,1964:878.
Ammt(oyLppOeh:NiDlnmOaNal)uer,,eodnVeoastlialgtanadaoCtleaidmde,bryoYnMu,ecan1tk8ae8n,8,:71.9M6eL4e:xc8it8c1oo.- Ammmt1oy9ap6ple4ha::i8l7f(a8e.mLaiOlrNied,DiOpZeNna)npi,osteCdae[ms=eirgEnolant,Zeadp1o88tb8ey:]5,.MGeLuenacktteeo,--
Thiswaspoccurscommonlyineastern Ammophila velutina Schrottky, 1910:31. Holo-
NorthAmericaeastofthe100thmeridian type: female,San Ignacio, Argentina,(loca-
fromsouthernCanadatoFloridaandTex- tionunknown,possiblydestroyed).Synony-
afsr.omI (MMeexinckoe t1o964E)l Sraelcvoraddeodr aiunreCoennottraatla Ammmoyphtielnatatliovbei.coUis Cameron, 1912:428. Holo-
Aenmceeriicna,GuaanndascuabssteequPernotvliyncneo,teCdosittaspRriecsa- (tyLpOe:NDOfeNm)a.le,SynDoemneyrmayrab,yMBernitkies,h1G96u4y:a87n8a.
(Menke 1991). It is likely that this is the Eremnophilamelanariarangesfromtrop-
southernlimitoftherangeofaureonotata. ical Mexico south toArgentina. Thespe-
IhavenotseenitfromotherpartsofCosta ciesisgenerallydistributedinCostaRica,
Rica. Population levels ofaureonotata are andismostcommonlycollectedinthewet
highestduring thedryseason inGuana- season in Guanacaste Province (Menke
casteProvince(MenkeandParker,1996). andParker,1996).
TheSouthAmericanspecies,binodis,oc- It is still not clear whether the South
cursasfarnorthascentralPanama,andit American population of melanaria is dis-
issimilartoaureonotata.Thescutumofbin- tinctfromtheCentralAmericanone.As1
odis is cross carinate like aureonotata but mentionedandillustrated(Menke,1964c),
binodis usually lacks the appressed gold there appear to be slight differences be-
setaefoundonthescutumofaureonotata. tweenthesepopulationsinthemalegen-
Themalegenitaliaalsodiffer(seeillustra- italia. I am still unable to resolve this
tionsinMenke,1964c). problem,butiftheCentralAmericanma-
terial proves to representa separatespe-
Eremnophilaopulenta cies, the name miliaris (Cameron) would
(Guerin-Meneville) apply,withiridipennisasasynonym.
(Figs.7-8) Unless Schrottky's material of velutina
AmmHooplhotiylpae:opufleemnatlae.GuP6arrian,-BMr6anseivii(llGeE,NO18A3)8:.261. craenmabienfionudnodu,btth.eHsotwateuvseorf,tthheesnpeacmieesiswielil-
Ammophila bimaculigera Strand, 1910:129. Lec- therasynonymofmelaiuniaoropulenta.
Volume5,19% 197
PodaloniaFemald tory Museum, London and can confirm
Murray(1940)revisedthisgenusforthe that the genitalia of alpcstris agree with
rNforebouwmstaCWoo(srCtrlaeds.sRoincH)ae., PcrooedmacmlouornndiieasdcCotrmwenosnsmosinpsecaiisnedas Psthpaoenscaeimmoaefnhsaatvorifeceaeptrsreicc(teFpipsgasfl.reo1s2me,tCa1oe6s)o.tanHRtoihwceeavmaeanrld,e
hcaolmfmoofnlNyorctolhlecAtmeedriwcaaspainndthiteweexstteenrdns ctlheypneausme(alallpbcsltarcikswinastybpaicsaeldaotrnictehpis)s,paonpd-
Sstmhoeiuttphhr.otpoPeCorodasnltaoamnieRaicfaor,robbtuuhstetaasspewIcaireseslaitrseeacbtoerrlicdoeewpd,s ufleamStamilioent.han(d185a6)maldee.scSriinbceedhaetridciedpsnoftrodmesa-
fromCostaRicabyMurraybasedonone ignatea holotypeintheoriginaldescrip-
mm(lis1ooa9wnl9,ate6ca)htnsiuraspaeelrplcCeoyicarmotmeraeentddr,riitocsbqhneieusrt.friiornansMsteeCorIonuessdkct.eoearmTdohanRoeisnfctdsaPrp.oaedPtacTaelihromuknbeseie,nra- fi(ttni1hego9emn.2a,7mlB:baeo3olt5te)ahhsbasauutpntthedehconirhoMmsotuelemrnoditsrsyatatphyreaee,ke(fsna1ey9lnnm4ytad0yl:rpe3Mee0ugsw).ararrsFsdaheeyimmddiaisdtlesehd-d-e
tthheerceouarnetrsyt,illattriwcoepsspaecnidesmoonftatnhae.genusin acstleraqiruceeedpnsttlihynatMPoiutdramrluoansyitad.biedannotAmampopplhyitlhae.nCaomne-
Podaloniaatriceps(Smith),newstatus My designation (Menke 1976) of the
(Figs.12-19,21-23) male as lectotype resulted in the assign-
AAmmmmbmooayplpehMh,ieilnlMnkneex,aictcor1oim9.c7me6up:sLn1ei4c4sSt.moit(CtyrLhpe,eOs:NsD1om8nOa5,Nl6:e)2,1.2816d.5e:s4iF6ge2nm.aatl4ee0d, ioImnfnetntfeathrcepto,rlfeMetacuattrHroiortcnyaeppyosefntaocogtorPemeodmeduatwlnhoiiantstihat.(thMheTuehrgeertnraigaytedanilit1i9tia4ao0ln)oia.alf
mdaelseisg,natCeodlorbaydoCrTeesrrsiotno,ry.19L1e6c:9t4o.typ(eP:HImLaAl-e cSmoimtmhu'nsism,alaendoffuarttrhiceerpmsorwee,rethaitdetnhteicamlalteo
DELPHIA).Newsynonym. ofatricepswasconspecificwithCameron's
Ammophila alpcstris Cameron, 1888:21. Syn- alpcstris.
tfeyepte,s:Pamnaalme.s1,.V(oLlOcN^nDOdNe)C.hiNrieqwui,sy4n0o0n0-y6m0.00 canM/urPraanyamatrneiaatendsaulbpcssptercisieassoafCcoosmtmaunRiis-
Ammophilapiccii'cntrisCameron,1888:22.Holo- (i.e., atriceps) because of slight external
type: female, Quezaltenango, Guatemala, morphological differences. The female
Pod7(Ha8olW0loA0onSitfayHepIecetNo:m(GmLTmuOOanNlNieDs),O.iNnD)Ntie.sertwmrTeiedtsniotyaantMFoieundvryeerrmasa.yly,,no1Mn9ey40xm:iy2c.9o. ecttrhhlaeeybpmlaeyiruodslldaiwlruaegmesrtwh"ta.ahnsa.n.i"sn.ilnit.gyt.hpyltipalciryacgleam,lcoocrbmoeemmiubnmugnulincgsioi"snnsgaainndidd-n
In Sphecid Wasps ofthe World (Bohart almostaslargeasinviolaceipennis."These
and Menke, 1976) 1 listedatriceps (Smith) femaledifferencesdonotwithstandscru-
asasubspeciesofcommuniswithalpcstris tiny. Thesizeofthearolium dependson
asasynonym(Ishouldhaveadded"new thedegreeofitsinflation,andtheconvex-
synonym").Thispresentationoffactswas ityoftheclypeusvaries. Murraydifferen-
erroneousintwoways.First,Smith'satri- tiated the maleofalpcstris fromcommunis
cepsistheoldestavailablenameandmust bythepresenceintheformeroferectwhite
beusedforthespecies.Second,thelecto- setaeontheclypeus(allblackincommunis).
type of atriceps is not identical with the The paleclypeal setae ofthe malediffer-
syntypesofalpcstrisalthoughtheyappear entiatestheCostaRican/Panamanianalpes-
to be conspecific. I studied syntypes of tris from typical atriceps. In addition, the
both taxa in in 1964 atThe Natural His- erectsetaeonthegenaarealsopaleinal-
198 JournalofHymenopteraResearch
10 A. centralis
cFeingtsr.al1is0-(1310.kmScnanLniibnegriae,leGcutarnonacpahsotteoPmriocvr.ogCroastpahsRiocfa)m,a1l1e,Ag.engiatwanleiari.of(AQmuemzoaplhtielpaeqiune,laEtlerSaallvparodfoirl)e..10,A.
pestris (iinlike ntriceps). The erect setae of thosefromamaleofrobusta,andonthat
the male thoracic pleura are extensively basiserroneouslyrecordedCresson'sspe-
pale inalpestris, and even the coxae and ciesfromCostaRica.
lateralareasofthepronotalcollarandscu- I have studied the holotype of Came-
tum sometimes have pale erect setae. In ron'spiceivoitris, as well as three females
typicalatricepspalesetaearerestrictedto fromTotonicapam,Guatemala,menHoned
thepleuraandareoftenintermixedwith intheoriginaldescriptionas"probablyre-
black setae. Murray (1940:31) also noted ferabletothesamespecies."Thereisalso
thattheshapeofthemaleclypeusvaried anotherfemalefromthetypelocality,and
tinypiaclpaelstartirsi,cepsso,moethserpsecbiemienngsmoloroekibnrgoaldilkye sitm,alalnedr(t1h3e-1T5omtomnilcoanpga)mthsapnectihmeetnysp,ea(r1e9
truncate. Ihaveexaminedthelargeseries mm),andentirelyblack.Thesefourareun-
of males from La Carpentera [1200- doubtedly examples of atriceps, but the
1800m],CostaRica,collectedbyW.Mann identity of the holotype of piceiveiitris is
in April 1924 (WASHINGTON) studied puzzling. Murray (1940), who did not
by Murray, and can confirm the clypeal studythetype,treateditasaquestionable
variation,butmostspecimensaremoreor synonym of coninntiiis (i.e., atriceps). The
lesstypicalofatriceps. Perhapsthisvaria- problemwiththisspecimenisthatabdom-
tionistobeexpectedattheextremesouth- inaltergaII-Vareamberratherthanblack
emendofthespecies'range. as noted by Cameron and shown by his
OnemalefromLaCarpenterawasmis- figure7onplateII.Smallareasofthetho-
identified by Murray (1940:64) as robusta rax,especiallythepronotumandlegs,have
(Cresson). Apparently Murray misasso- similarcoloration.Theholotypemaysim-
ciated thegenitaliaofthisspecimenwith plyhavebeencollectedinsometypeofflu-
Volume5,1996 199
20P.montana
Figs.12-23. ScanningelectronphotomicrographsofmalegenitaliaofPocialonia,allbut20areatnccp^.12-15,
penisvalveheadinlateralprofile(arrowmarksendofrowofteeth);12,specimenfromVolcandeChiriqui,
Panama;13,specimenfromLaCarpentera,CostaRica;14,specimenfromPariaCanyon,Arizona;15,specimen
fromBoulder,Colorado.16-19,dorsalviewofpenisvalveheadshownin12-15,respectively.20.penisvalve
headofP.montanainlateralprofile,specimenfromAhuacatlan,Mexico.21-23,ventralviewofpenisvalve
headshownin13-15,respectively.
id that brought on discoloration,because ofthistaxonfromSanMarcos,Guatemala,
thespecimenotherwiselookslikeatriceps. elevation 3052 m (WASHINGTON), and
Murray's (1940:29) description of the one male from Cerro Verde, El Salvador
subspecies Podalonia commutuf intcniicdia (WASHINGTON). Apparently it is a me-
wasbasedonasinglemalefromtheFed- lanic, high altitude form of atriays. The
eral District of Mexico. It differs from erect body setae are black except on the
North American material of the species, mesopleurawherepaleandblacksetaeare
and from the Costa Rican/Panamanian mixedjustasinmalesoftypicalatriceps.It
population,inhavinganentirelyblackab- islikelythatMurray'sintermediaisajunior
domen. 1 have examined the holotvpe synonym of piceiventris Cameron, de-
(WASHINGTON) and agreewith Murray scribedfrom7800'inGuatemala,butmales
thatthegenitaliaareidenticalwiththoseof ofthelatterwillhavetobecollectedatthe
communis(i.e.,atriays,seeFigs. 12-13,16- typelocalitytosettlethematter.
17).Ihavealsofoundfiveadditionalmales Therangeofatricepsincludesthewest-