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The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychosomatic Medicine (Wise, The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychosomatic Medicine PDF

1115 Pages·2004·12.61 MB·English
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The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychosomatic Medicine Editorial Board William Breitbart, M.D. Teresa A. Rummans, M.D. Chief, Psychiatry Service, Department of Psychiatry and Professor of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Attending Psychiatrist, Pain and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Roches- Palliative Care Service, Department of Neurology, Memo- ter, Minnesota rial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; Professor of Psychi- Peter A. Shapiro, M.D. atry, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Medical College of Associate Professor of Clinical Psychiatry, Columbia Uni- Cornell University, New York, New York versity College of Physicians and Surgeons; Associate Direc- Francis Creed, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.C.Psych., F.Med.Sci. tor, Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry Service; Director, Professor of Psychological Medicine, University of Man- Transplantation Psychiatry Service, Columbia University chester, United Kingdom; Honorary Consultant Psychia- Medical Center, New York–Presbyterian Hospital, New trist, Manchester Mental Health and Social Care Trust York, New York Joel Dimsdale, M.D. Michael C. Sharpe, M.A., M.D., F.R.C.P., M.R.C.Psych. Professor of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, Professor of Psychological Medicine and Symptoms Re- San Diego, California search, School of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Uni- versity of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom Giovanni A. Fava, M.D. Professor of Clinical Psychology, University of Bologna, Graeme C. Smith, M.D. Bologna, Italy; Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, State Uni- Professor of Psychological Medicine, Monash University, versity of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York; Editor- Clayton, Australia in-Chief, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Theodore A. Stern, M.D. Donna B. Greenberg, M.D. Chief, The Avery D. Weisman, M.D., Psychiatry Consulta- Psychiatrist, Massachusetts General Hospital; Associate tion Service, Massachusetts General Hospital; Professor of Professor of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachu- Massachusetts setts Wayne Katon, M.D. Donna E. Stewart, M.D., F.R.C.P.C. Professor, Vice-Chair, and Director of Division of Health Professor and Chair of Women’s Health, University of Tor- Services and Psychiatric Epidemiology, University of Wash- onto, University Health Network Women’s Health Pro- ington Medical School, Seattle, Washington gram, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Antonio Lobo, M.D., Ph.D. Paula T. Trzepacz, M.D. Professor and Chairman, Department of Medicine and Medical Director, U.S. Neurosciences, Lilly Research Lab- Psychiatry, Universidad de Zaragoza; and Chief, Psycho- oratories; Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, University of somatics and Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry Service, Mississippi Medical School, Jackson, Mississippi; Adjunct Hospital Clínico Universitario, Zaragoza, Spain Professor of Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Med- icine, Boston, Massachusetts Constantine G. Lyketsos, M.D., M.H.S. Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Direc- Thomas N. Wise, M.D. tor, Division of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatry, Chairman, Department of Psychiatry, Inova Fairfax Hos- The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland pital, Falls Church, Virginia; Professor and Vice Chair, Department of Psychiatry, Georgetown University, Wash- Luis Ruiz-Flores, M.D. ington, D.C. Professor and Head of Psychiatry, National University of Mexico, Mexico City; President, Mexican Psychiatric As- sociation, 1998–1999 The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychosomatic Medicine Edited by James L. Levenson, M.D. Chair, Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry, and Vice-Chair, Psychiatry Professor of Psychiatry, Medicine, and Surgery Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Virginia Washington, DC London, England Note: The authors have worked to ensure that all information in this book is accurate at the time of publication and consistent with general psychiatric and medical standards, and that information concerning drug dosages, schedules, and routes of administration is accurate at the time of publication and consistent with standards set by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the general medical community. As medical research and practice continue to advance, however, therapeutic standards may change. Moreover, specific situations may require a specific therapeutic response not included in this book. For these reasons and because human and mechanical errors sometimes occur, we recommend that readers follow the advice of physicians directly involved in their care or the care of a member of their family. Books published by American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., represent the views and opinions of the individual authors and do not necessarily represent the policies and opinions of APPI or the American Psychiatric Association. Copyright © 2005 American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Manufactured in the United States of America on acid-free paper 09 08 07 06 05 5 4 3 2 1 First Edition Typeset in Adobe’s Janson Text and Frutiger 55 Roman American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. 1000 Wilson Boulevard Arlington, VA 22209-3901 www.appi.org Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of psychosomatic medicine / edited by James L. Levenson.—1st ed. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-58562-127-7 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Medicine, Psychosomatic. I. Title: Textbook of psychosomatic medicine. II. Levenson, James L. III. American Psychiatric Publishing. [DNLM: 1. Psychophysiologic Disorders. 2. Psychosomatic Medicine—methods. WM 90 A512 2005] RC49.A417 2005 616.08—dc22 2004050259 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A CIP record is available from the British Library. Alan Stoudemire, M.D. Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Director of Medical Student Education in Psychiatry Emory University School of Medicine This book is dedicated to the memory of Alan Stoudemire (1951–2000), a brilliant clinician, true scholar, prolific writer, and dedicated teacher and mentor. His contributions profoundly transformed our field. He was and remains an inspiration to others, in and outside our profession, for he lived life fully with passion and principle. He transcended his own illnesses with rare strength of spirit, deepening his compassion for and commitment to the medically ill, even while his own life was tragically abbreviated. Those of us who knew him well will forever miss his warmth, wit, and heartfelt friendship.1 1See also Thompson T: “A Tribute to Alan Stoudemire, M.D.: 1951–2000.” Psychosomatics 42:1–4, 2001. This page intentionally left blank Contents Contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xvii Stephen C. Scheiber, M.D. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix James L. Levenson, M.D. PART I General Principles in Evaluation and Management 1 Psychiatric Assessment and Consultation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Felicia A. Smith, M.D., John Querques, M.D., James L. Levenson, M.D., and Theodore A. Stern, M.D. 2 Neuropsychological and Psychological Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 Wendy A. Law, Ph.D., Robert L. Mapou, Ph.D., Jack Spector, Ph.D., and Gary G. Kay, Ph.D. 3 Legal Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 Robert I. Simon, M.D., Barbara A. Schindler, M.D., and James L. Levenson, M.D. 4 Ethical Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55 Donald L. Rosenstein, M.D., and Franklin G. Miller, Ph.D. 5 Psychological Responses to Illness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67 Mark S. Groves, M.D., and Philip R. Muskin, M.D. PART II Symptoms and Disorders 6 Delirium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91 Paula T. Trzepacz, M.D., and David J. Meagher, M.D., M.R.C.Psych., M.Sc. 7 Dementia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131 Antonio Lobo, M.D., Ph.D., and Pedro Saz, M.D., Ph.D. 8 Aggression and Violence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171 Chiadi U. Onyike, M.D., M.H.S., and Constantine G. Lyketsos, M.D., M.H.S. 9 Depression. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193 Gary M. Rodin, M.D., F.R.C.P.C., Robert P. Nolan, Ph.D., R.Psych., and Mark R. Katz, M.D., F.R.C.P.C. 10 Suicidality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219 John Michael Bostwick, M.D., and James L. Levenson, M.D. 11 Mania, Catatonia, and Psychosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .235 Prakash S. Masand, M.D., Eric J. Christopher, M.D., Greg L. Clary, M.D., Rajnish Mago, M.D., James L. Levenson, M.D., and Ashwin A. Patkar, M.D. 12 Anxiety Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251 Steven A. Epstein, M.D., and Daniel Hicks, M.D. 13 Somatization and Somatoform Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271 Susan E. Abbey, M.D., F.R.C.P.C. 14 Deception Syndromes: Factitious Disorders and Malingering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .297 Charles V. Ford, M.D. 15 Eating Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .311 Michael J. Devlin, M.D., Joel P. Jahraus, M.D., and Ilyse J. Dobrow, B.A. 16 Sleep Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335 Lois E. Krahn, M.D., and Jarrett W. Richardson, M.D. 17 Sexual Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .359 George R. Brown, M.D., and Richard C. Haaser, M.D. 18 Substance-Related Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .387 John E. Franklin Jr., M.D., M.Sc., James L. Levenson, M.D., and Elinore F. McCance-Katz, M.D., Ph.D. PART III Specialties and Subspecialties 19 Heart Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .423 Peter A. Shapiro, M.D. 20 Lung Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .445 Kathy Coffman, M.D., and James L. Levenson, M.D. 21 Gastrointestinal Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .465 Francis Creed, M.D., F.R.C.P.C., F.R.C.Psych., F.Med.Sci., and Kevin W. Olden, M.D. 22 Renal Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .483 Lewis M. Cohen, M.D., Norman B. Levy, M.D., Edward G. Tessier, Pharm.D., M.P.H., and Michael J. Germain, M.D. 23 Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .495 Ann Goebel-Fabbri, Ph.D., Gail Musen, Ph.D., Caitlin R. Sparks, B.A., Judy A. Greene, M.D., James L. Levenson, M.D., and Alan M. Jacobson, M.D. 24 Oncology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .517 Mary Jane Massie, M.D., and Donna B. Greenberg, M.D. 25 Rheumatology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .535 Chris Dickens, M.B.B.S., Ph.D., James L. Levenson, M.D., and Wendy Cohen, M.D. 26 Chronic Fatigue and Fibromyalgia Syndromes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .555 Michael C. Sharpe, M.A., M.D., F.R.C.P., M.R.C.Psych., and Patrick G. O’Malley, M.D., M.P.H. 27 Infectious Diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .577 James L. Levenson, M.D., and Robert K. Schneider, M.D. 28 HIV/AIDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .599 Niccolo D. Della Penna, M.D., and Glenn J. Treisman, M.D., Ph.D. 29 Dermatology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .629 Lesley M. Arnold, M.D. 30 Surgery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .647 Pauline S. Powers, M.D., and Carlos A. Santana, M.D. 31 Organ Transplantation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .675 Andrea F. DiMartini, M.D., Mary Amanda Dew, Ph.D., and Paula T. Trzepacz, M.D. 32 Neurology and Neurosurgery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .701 Alan J. Carson, M.Phil., M.D., M.R.C.Psych., Adam Zeman, M.A., D.M., M.R.C.P., Lynn Myles, B.Sc., M.D., F.R.C.S.Ed., and Michael C. Sharpe, M.A., M.D., F.R.C.P., M.R.C.Psych. 33 Obstetrics and Gynecology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .733 Nada L. Stotland, M.D., M.P.H., Donna E. Stewart, M.D., F.R.C.P.C., Sarah E. Munce, B.Sc., and Danielle E. Rolfe, B.P.H.E. 34 Pediatrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .761 Brenda Bursch, Ph.D., and Margaret Stuber, M.D. 35 Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .787 Jesse R. Fann, M.D., M.P.H., Richard Kennedy, M.D., and Charles H. Bombardier, Ph.D. 36 Pain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .827 Michael R. Clark, M.D., M.P.H., and Maciej P. Chodynicki, M.D.

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Psychosomatic Medicine—the newest psychiatric subspecialty formally approved by the American Board of Medical Specialties and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education—represents a scientific and clinical discipline that exists at the interface of psychiatry and medicine. This sch
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