The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychosomatic Medicine (Wise, The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychosomatic Medicine

1115 Pages·2004·12.61 MB·English

by  James L. Levenson

The American Psychiatric Publishing
Textbook of
Psychosomatic Medicine
Editorial Board
William Breitbart, M.D. Teresa A. Rummans, M.D.
Chief, Psychiatry Service, Department of Psychiatry and Professor of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and
Behavioral Sciences, and Attending Psychiatrist, Pain and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Roches-
Palliative Care Service, Department of Neurology, Memo- ter, Minnesota
rial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; Professor of Psychi-
Peter A. Shapiro, M.D.
atry, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Medical College of
Associate Professor of Clinical Psychiatry, Columbia Uni-
Cornell University, New York, New York
versity College of Physicians and Surgeons; Associate Direc-
Francis Creed, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.C.Psych., F.Med.Sci. tor, Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry Service; Director,
Professor of Psychological Medicine, University of Man- Transplantation Psychiatry Service, Columbia University
chester, United Kingdom; Honorary Consultant Psychia- Medical Center, New York–Presbyterian Hospital, New
trist, Manchester Mental Health and Social Care Trust York, New York
Joel Dimsdale, M.D. Michael C. Sharpe, M.A., M.D., F.R.C.P., M.R.C.Psych.
Professor of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, Professor of Psychological Medicine and Symptoms Re-
San Diego, California search, School of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Uni-
versity of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Giovanni A. Fava, M.D.
Professor of Clinical Psychology, University of Bologna, Graeme C. Smith, M.D.
Bologna, Italy; Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, State Uni- Professor of Psychological Medicine, Monash University,
versity of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York; Editor- Clayton, Australia
in-Chief, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics
Theodore A. Stern, M.D.
Donna B. Greenberg, M.D. Chief, The Avery D. Weisman, M.D., Psychiatry Consulta-
Psychiatrist, Massachusetts General Hospital; Associate tion Service, Massachusetts General Hospital; Professor of
Professor of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachu-
Massachusetts setts
Wayne Katon, M.D. Donna E. Stewart, M.D., F.R.C.P.C.
Professor, Vice-Chair, and Director of Division of Health Professor and Chair of Women’s Health, University of Tor-
Services and Psychiatric Epidemiology, University of Wash- onto, University Health Network Women’s Health Pro-
ington Medical School, Seattle, Washington gram, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Antonio Lobo, M.D., Ph.D. Paula T. Trzepacz, M.D.
Professor and Chairman, Department of Medicine and Medical Director, U.S. Neurosciences, Lilly Research Lab-
Psychiatry, Universidad de Zaragoza; and Chief, Psycho- oratories; Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, University of
somatics and Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry Service, Mississippi Medical School, Jackson, Mississippi; Adjunct
Hospital Clínico Universitario, Zaragoza, Spain Professor of Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Med-
icine, Boston, Massachusetts
Constantine G. Lyketsos, M.D., M.H.S.
Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Direc- Thomas N. Wise, M.D.
tor, Division of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatry, Chairman, Department of Psychiatry, Inova Fairfax Hos-
The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland pital, Falls Church, Virginia; Professor and Vice Chair,
Department of Psychiatry, Georgetown University, Wash-
Luis Ruiz-Flores, M.D.
ington, D.C.
Professor and Head of Psychiatry, National University of
Mexico, Mexico City; President, Mexican Psychiatric As-
sociation, 1998–1999
The American Psychiatric Publishing
Textbook of
Psychosomatic Medicine
Edited by
James L. Levenson, M.D.
Chair, Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry, and Vice-Chair, Psychiatry
Professor of Psychiatry, Medicine, and Surgery
Virginia Commonwealth University
Richmond, Virginia
Washington, DC
London, England
Note: The authors have worked to ensure that all information in this book is accurate at the time of publication and
consistent with general psychiatric and medical standards, and that information concerning drug dosages, schedules,
and routes of administration is accurate at the time of publication and consistent with standards set by the U.S. Food
and Drug Administration and the general medical community. As medical research and practice continue to advance,
however, therapeutic standards may change. Moreover, specific situations may require a specific therapeutic response
not included in this book. For these reasons and because human and mechanical errors sometimes occur, we recommend
that readers follow the advice of physicians directly involved in their care or the care of a member of their family.
Books published by American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., represent the views and opinions of the individual authors
and do not necessarily represent the policies and opinions of APPI or the American Psychiatric Association.
Copyright © 2005 American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of psychosomatic medicine / edited by James L. Levenson.—1st ed.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-58562-127-7 (hardcover : alk. paper)
1. Medicine, Psychosomatic. I. Title: Textbook of psychosomatic medicine. II. Levenson, James L.
III. American Psychiatric Publishing.
[DNLM: 1. Psychophysiologic Disorders. 2. Psychosomatic Medicine—methods. WM 90 A512 2005]
RC49.A417 2005
616.08—dc22
2004050259
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A CIP record is available from the British Library.
Alan Stoudemire, M.D.
Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
Director of Medical Student Education in Psychiatry
Emory University School of Medicine
This book is dedicated to the memory of Alan Stoudemire (1951–2000), a brilliant clinician,
true scholar, prolific writer, and dedicated teacher and mentor. His contributions profoundly
transformed our field. He was and remains an inspiration to others, in and outside our
profession, for he lived life fully with passion and principle. He transcended his own illnesses
with rare strength of spirit, deepening his compassion for and commitment to the medically
ill, even while his own life was tragically abbreviated. Those of us who knew him well will
forever miss his warmth, wit, and heartfelt friendship.1
1See also Thompson T: “A Tribute to Alan Stoudemire, M.D.: 1951–2000.” Psychosomatics 42:1–4, 2001.
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Contents
Contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xvii
Stephen C. Scheiber, M.D.
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix
James L. Levenson, M.D.
PART I
General Principles in
Evaluation and Management
1
Psychiatric Assessment and Consultation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Felicia A. Smith, M.D., John Querques, M.D., James L. Levenson, M.D., and
Theodore A. Stern, M.D.
2
Neuropsychological and Psychological Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Wendy A. Law, Ph.D., Robert L. Mapou, Ph.D., Jack Spector, Ph.D., and
Gary G. Kay, Ph.D.
3
Legal Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
Robert I. Simon, M.D., Barbara A. Schindler, M.D., and James L. Levenson, M.D.
4
Ethical Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
Donald L. Rosenstein, M.D., and Franklin G. Miller, Ph.D.
5
Psychological Responses to Illness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67
Mark S. Groves, M.D., and Philip R. Muskin, M.D.
PART II
Symptoms and Disorders
6
Delirium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91
Paula T. Trzepacz, M.D., and David J. Meagher, M.D., M.R.C.Psych., M.Sc.
7
Dementia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131
Antonio Lobo, M.D., Ph.D., and Pedro Saz, M.D., Ph.D.
8
Aggression and Violence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171
Chiadi U. Onyike, M.D., M.H.S., and Constantine G. Lyketsos, M.D., M.H.S.
9
Depression. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193
Gary M. Rodin, M.D., F.R.C.P.C., Robert P. Nolan, Ph.D., R.Psych., and
Mark R. Katz, M.D., F.R.C.P.C.
10
Suicidality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219
John Michael Bostwick, M.D., and James L. Levenson, M.D.
11
Mania, Catatonia, and Psychosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .235
Prakash S. Masand, M.D., Eric J. Christopher, M.D., Greg L. Clary, M.D.,
Rajnish Mago, M.D., James L. Levenson, M.D., and Ashwin A. Patkar, M.D.
12
Anxiety Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251
Steven A. Epstein, M.D., and Daniel Hicks, M.D.
13
Somatization and Somatoform Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271
Susan E. Abbey, M.D., F.R.C.P.C.
14
Deception Syndromes: Factitious Disorders and Malingering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .297
Charles V. Ford, M.D.
15
Eating Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .311
Michael J. Devlin, M.D., Joel P. Jahraus, M.D., and Ilyse J. Dobrow, B.A.
16
Sleep Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335
Lois E. Krahn, M.D., and Jarrett W. Richardson, M.D.
17
Sexual Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .359
George R. Brown, M.D., and Richard C. Haaser, M.D.
18
Substance-Related Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .387
John E. Franklin Jr., M.D., M.Sc., James L. Levenson, M.D., and
Elinore F. McCance-Katz, M.D., Ph.D.
PART III
Specialties and Subspecialties
19
Heart Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .423
Peter A. Shapiro, M.D.
20
Lung Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .445
Kathy Coffman, M.D., and James L. Levenson, M.D.
21
Gastrointestinal Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .465
Francis Creed, M.D., F.R.C.P.C., F.R.C.Psych., F.Med.Sci., and Kevin W. Olden, M.D.
22
Renal Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .483
Lewis M. Cohen, M.D., Norman B. Levy, M.D., Edward G. Tessier, Pharm.D., M.P.H.,
and Michael J. Germain, M.D.
23
Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .495
Ann Goebel-Fabbri, Ph.D., Gail Musen, Ph.D., Caitlin R. Sparks, B.A.,
Judy A. Greene, M.D., James L. Levenson, M.D., and Alan M. Jacobson, M.D.
24
Oncology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .517
Mary Jane Massie, M.D., and Donna B. Greenberg, M.D.
25
Rheumatology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .535
Chris Dickens, M.B.B.S., Ph.D., James L. Levenson, M.D., and Wendy Cohen, M.D.
26
Chronic Fatigue and Fibromyalgia Syndromes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .555
Michael C. Sharpe, M.A., M.D., F.R.C.P., M.R.C.Psych., and
Patrick G. O’Malley, M.D., M.P.H.
27
Infectious Diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .577
James L. Levenson, M.D., and Robert K. Schneider, M.D.
28
HIV/AIDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .599
Niccolo D. Della Penna, M.D., and Glenn J. Treisman, M.D., Ph.D.
29
Dermatology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .629
Lesley M. Arnold, M.D.
30
Surgery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .647
Pauline S. Powers, M.D., and Carlos A. Santana, M.D.
31
Organ Transplantation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .675
Andrea F. DiMartini, M.D., Mary Amanda Dew, Ph.D., and Paula T. Trzepacz, M.D.
32
Neurology and Neurosurgery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .701
Alan J. Carson, M.Phil., M.D., M.R.C.Psych., Adam Zeman, M.A., D.M., M.R.C.P.,
Lynn Myles, B.Sc., M.D., F.R.C.S.Ed., and
Michael C. Sharpe, M.A., M.D., F.R.C.P., M.R.C.Psych.
33
Obstetrics and Gynecology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .733
Nada L. Stotland, M.D., M.P.H., Donna E. Stewart, M.D., F.R.C.P.C.,
Sarah E. Munce, B.Sc., and Danielle E. Rolfe, B.P.H.E.
34
Pediatrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .761
Brenda Bursch, Ph.D., and Margaret Stuber, M.D.
35
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .787
Jesse R. Fann, M.D., M.P.H., Richard Kennedy, M.D., and
Charles H. Bombardier, Ph.D.
36
Pain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .827
Michael R. Clark, M.D., M.P.H., and Maciej P. Chodynicki, M.D.