The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Personality Disorders

729 Pages·2005·9.8 MB·English

by  John M. Oldham, Donna S. Bender

The American Psychiatric Publishing
Textbook of
Personality Disorders
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The American Psychiatric Publishing
Textbook of
Personality Disorders
Edited by
John M. Oldham, M.D., M.S.
Andrew E. Skodol, M.D.
Donna S. Bender, Ph.D.
Associate Editors
Glen O. Gabbard, M.D.
Joel Paris, M.D.
M. Tracie Shea, Ph.D.
Thomas A. Widiger, Ph.D.
Washington, DC
London, England
Note: The authors have worked to ensure that all information in this book is accurate at the time of publication
and consistent with general psychiatric and medical standards, and that information concerning drug dosages,
schedules, and routes of administration is accurate at the time of publication and consistent with standards set
by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the general medical community. As medical research and practice
continue to advance, however, therapeutic standards may change. Moreover, specific situations may require a
specific therapeutic response not included in this book. For these reasons and because human and mechanical
errors sometimes occur, we recommend that readers follow the advice of physicians directly involved in their
care or the care of a member of their family.
Books published by American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., represent the views and opinions of the individual
authors and do not necessarily represent the policies and opinions of APPI or the American Psychiatric Associ-
ation.
Copyright © 2005 American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Manufactured in the United States of America on acid-free paper
09 08 07 06 05 5 4 3 2 1
First Edition
Typeset in Adobe’s Palatino and Optima.
American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.
1000 Wilson Boulevard
Arlington, VA 22209-3901
www.appi.org
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of personality disorders / edited by John M. Oldham, Andrew E.
Skodol, Donna S. Bender.—1st ed.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-58562-159-5 (hardcover : alk. paper)
1. Personality disorders. 2. Personality disorders—Treatment.
[DNLM: 1. Personality Disorders—therapy. 2. Personality Disorders—diagnosis. 3. Personality Disorders—
etiology. WM 190 A5125 2005] I. Title: Textbook of personality disorders. II. Oldham, John M. III. Skodol,
Andrew E. IV. Bender, Donna S., 1960– V. American Psychiatric Publishing.
RC554.A247 2005
616.85′81–dc22
2004023812
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A CIP record is available from the British Library.
To our families, who have supported us:
Karen, Madeleine, and Michael Oldham;
Laura, Dan, and Ali Skodol; and
John and Joseph Rosegrant.
To our colleagues, who have helped us.
To our patients, who have taught us.
And to each other, for the friendship that has enriched our work together.
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Contents
Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xvii
Part I
Basic Concepts
1 Personality Disorders: Recent History and Future Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
John M. Oldham, M.D., M.S.
2 Theories of Personality and Personality Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Amy Heim, Ph.D.
Drew Westen, Ph.D.
3 Categorical and Dimensional Models of Personality Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Thomas A. Widiger, Ph.D.
Stephanie N. Mullins-Sweatt, M.A.
Part II
Clinical Evaluation
4 Manifestations, Clinical Diagnosis, and Comorbidity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Andrew E. Skodol, M.D.
5 Assessment Instruments and Standardized Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Wilson McDermut, Ph.D.
Mark Zimmerman, M.D.
6 Course and Outcome of Personality Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Carlos M. Grilo, Ph.D.
Thomas H. McGlashan, M.D.
Part III
Etiology
7 A Current Integrative Perspective on Personality Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Joel Paris, M.D.
8 Epidemiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Svenn Torgersen, Ph.D.
9 Genetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
C. Robert Cloninger, M.D.
10 Neurobiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Emil F. Coccaro, M.D.
Larry J. Siever, M.D.
11 Developmental Issues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Patricia Cohen, Ph.D.
Thomas Crawford, Ph.D.
12 Attachment Theory and Mentalization-Oriented Model
of Borderline Personality Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Peter Fonagy, Ph.D., F.B.A.
Anthony W. Bateman, M.A., F.R.C.Psych.
13 Role of Childhood Experiences in the Development
of Maladaptive and Adaptive Personality Traits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Jeffrey G. Johnson, Ph.D.
Elizabeth Bromley, M.D.
Pamela G. McGeoch, M.A.
14 Sociocultural Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Theodore Millon, Ph.D., D.Sc.
Seth D. Grossman, Psych.D.
Part IV
Treatment
15 Levels of Care in Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
John G. Gunderson, M.D.
Kim L. Gratz, Ph.D.
Edmund C. Neuhaus, Ph.D.
George W. Smith, M.S.W.
16 Psychoanalysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Glen O. Gabbard, M.D.
17 Psychodynamic Psychotherapies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Frank E. Yeomans, M.D.
John F. Clarkin, Ph.D.
Kenneth N. Levy, Ph.D.
18 Schema Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Jeffrey Young, Ph.D.
Janet Klosko, Ph.D.
19 Dialectical Behavior Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Barbara Stanley, Ph.D.
Beth S. Brodsky, Ph.D.
20 Interpersonal Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
John C. Markowitz, M.D.
21 Supportive Psychotherapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
Ann H. Appelbaum, M.D.
22 Group Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
William E. Piper, Ph.D.
John S. Ogrodniczuk, Ph.D.
23 Family Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
G. Pirooz Sholevar, M.D.
24 Psychoeducation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
Perry D. Hoffman, Ph.D.
Alan E. Fruzzetti, Ph.D.
25 Somatic Treatments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
Paul H. Soloff, M.D.
26 Therapeutic Alliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
Donna S. Bender, Ph.D.
27 Boundary Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
Thomas G. Gutheil, M.D.
28 Collaborative Treatment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
Abigail Schlesinger, M.D.
Kenneth R. Silk, M.D.