Table Of Content

Subject Index Volume 59 Absorptiometry, dual-energy x-ray. See Dual-energy x-ray absorptior :- body composition of cystic fibrosis children, 123 etry criteria for overweight in adolescent preventive services, 307 Absorption. See Intestinal absorption undernutrition and disease in elderly population, 317 Abstracts, First International Conference on Dietary Assessment Meth- Antibody response, to tetanus toxoid, in vitamin A deficiency, lipopoly- ods, oral and poster presentations, 281S saccharide- and tumor necrosis factor-a-induced enhancement Acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase, dietary citrus pectin and (guinea (rat), 922 pig), 869 Antimutagens, cancer preventive properties of Brassica spp, 1166S Additives, exposure to, food-intake surveys in estimation of, 240S Antinutrients, lente (low glycemic index) carbohydrate foods, postpran- Adipose tissue dial insulin and glucose responses, 706S distribution in obesity, magnetic resonance imaging, 1277 Antioxidants a-tocopherol/y-tocopherol ratio, a-tocopherol supplementation and, 8-carotene supplementation and lipid peroxidation in smokers, 884 1025 diet and coronary heart disease, 1117S Adiposity, in elderly women, underreporting of energy intake and, 1286 dietary vitamin C intake and pulmonary function, 110 Adolescence prophylactic vitamin C: misplaced zeal (letter), 131 diabetes mellitus, glycemic effect and satiating capacity of potato Apolipoprotein(s), plasma, in elderly population, relation to dietary in- chips and milk chocolate bars in, 792S take, 32 obesity, 955 Apolipoprotein B criteria for overweight in adolescent preventive services, 307 low-density-lipoprotein, effects of dietary rapeseed oil with/without pregnancy, iron status assessment, 502S squalene, 356 African Americans plasma, whole vs skim milk consumption and, 612 diet and coronary heart disease risk factors in, 103 serum, food frequency and, 706S smoking and serum nutrient concentrations in African-American Apolipoprotein B/E receptor, dietary citrus pectin and (guinea pig), 869 women, 891 Appetite, carbohydrate intake and, 728S Age/aging. See Geriatric population Ascorbic acid. See also Vitamin C Alcohol ingestion iron bioavailability and, 1381 postmeal fat storage and, 619 Aspartame, effects on motivational ratings, taste preferences, and energy relation to hyperinsulinemia in South Asian and European men, 1069 intakes, sucrose vs, 338 resting energy expenditure and, 805 Atherosclerosis, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and, 795 Almonds, dietary intake, effects on plasma cholesterol and LDL choles- Attenuation factor, food-frequency questionnaire, semiquantitative, 262S terol, 995 Autocorrelation analysis, basal metabolic rate and dietary energy intake Amino acids. See also specific amino acids of Columbian women, 20 indispensable kinetics, dietary nonspecific nitrogen and, 1347 Bacteria, dental caries and, 719S, 788S tracer-derived estimates of leucine balance, 1000 Barley, dietary tracer-derived estimates of leucine requirements, 1000 postprandial glucose and insulin responses, effect of food structure kinetics, response to enteral and intravenous feeding, 1395 and amylose-amylopectin ratio, 1075 losses, contribution of gastrointestinal amino acid losses to mainte- postprandial glycemic response to bread containing intact kernals vs nance requirements, 70 milled flour, 779S requirements rate of digestion of products prepared from different types of barley contribution of gastrointestinal amino acid losses to maintenance flour, 780S requirements, 70 sterol excretion by ileostomy subjects and, 785S MIT values, effect of dietary nonspecific nitrogen, 1347 Beet fiber, dietary intake, sterol excretion by ileostomy subjects and, plant protein foods, 1203S 7858S Amino acid score, plant protein foods, 1203S Bias Amylose dietary data analysis, relationship between data collection methodol- in carbohydrate foods, effect on digestion and absorption, 699S ogy and analysis methodology, 253S postprandial glycemic and insulinemic response to food, effect of food in multicenter cohort studies on diet and cancer, calibration approach matrix, 784S to, 245S Amylose-amylopectin ratio, influence on glucose and insulin responses Bifidobacterium bifidum. See Lactic acid bacteria to barley products, 1075 Bifidobacterium longum, dietary enrichment, effect on colonic microbi- Anemia ology and fecal metabolites, 428 iron-deficiency. See Iron-deficiency anemia Bile, sterols in, in vegetarians, cholesterol feeding and, 1325 in pregnancy, 492S Bile acids Animal protein, chronic degenerative disease and diet, 1153S excretion by ileostomy subjects Anorexia nervosa, protein repletion during nutritional rehabilitation in, effect of dietary cholesterol, 48 98 effect of dietary fiber, 785S Anthropometry effect of psyllium husk and seed, 395 Am J Clin Nutr 1994;59:v—xix. Printed in USA. © 1994 American Society for Clinical Nutrition SUBJECT INDEX effect of rye bran, 389 Body weight fecal excretion, effect of consumption of Bifidobacterium longum-en- effect of lactation on resting metabolic rate and, 42 riched yogurt, 428 energy balance and, 682S in vegetarians, cholesterol feeding and, 1325 restoration in anorexia nervosa, 98 Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) Bone body composition assessment in malnourished subjects with Crohn’s calcium mobilization from, during lactation, 593 disease, 325 chronological changes in zinc concentrations during dietary zinc dep- body composition of malnourished children after dietary supplemen- rivation (pig), 649 tation, 5 Bone mineral content, elderly female lactoovovegetarians vs omnivores, operational equivalence between segmental and whole-body bioelec- 1197S trical impedance in renal patients (/etter), 675 Bone mineral density predictive accuracy in estimating body composition of Native Amer- in phenylketonuric children, 419 ican women, 964 radial, elderly female lactoovovegetarians vs omnivores, 1197S total body water in pregnancy, 578 restrained eating and ovulatory disturbances and, 92 Biopsy, adipose tissue needle biopsy, tocopherol kinetics after a-tocoph- in vegetarians, 1238S erol supplementation, 1025 Book reviews Biotechnology, plant foods, 1255S Annual Review of Nutrition, vol 12, RE Olson, DM Bier & DB Mc- Birth weight Cormick (eds.), 435 effect on subsequent obesity, 955 Clinical Nutrition of the Young Child, O Brunser, FR Carrazza, M healthy Seventh-day Adventist lifestyle and, 1124S Gracey, BL Nichols & J Senterre, 134 low, maternal iron-deficiency anemia and, 492S Communication Strategies to Support Infant and Young Child Nutri- prediction, in gestational diabetes, 1409 tion, P Koniz-Booher, 1420 Bleeding time, relationship to diet and plasma fatty acid composition of Dietary Fat Requirements in Health and Development, J Beare-Rogers Alaskan Eskimos, 384 (ed.), 677 Blood donation, iron stores and iron absorption, 1376 Health Effects of Dietary Fatty Acids, GJ Nelson, 1420 Blood pressure Introduction to Nutrition, Exercise, and Health (4th ed), FI Katch & diet and, 1130S WD McArdle (eds.), 134 in African Americans, 103 McCance & Widdowson: A Scientific Partnership of 60 Years, M dietary fiber and, 1242S Ashwell (ed.), 1096 healthy Seventh-day Adventist lifestyle and risk of disease, 1124S Medical and Nutritional Complications of Alcoholism: Mechanisms immune milk and, 929 and Management, CS Loeber, 1096 Body builder. See Strength training New Technologies and the Future of Food and Nutrition: Proceedings Body composition of the First Ceres Conference, GE Gaull & RA Goldberg (eds.), assessment in malnourished subjects with Crohn’s disease, 325 952 body fat and FFM in adults, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry vs den- Nutrient Modulation of the Immune Response, S Cunningham-Run- sitometry vs total body water, 547 dles (ed.), 677 cystic fibrosis children, 123 Nutrition for Developing Countries (2nd ed), FS King & A Burgess, effect of pyruvate supplementation in hyperlipidemic subjects on low- 952 cholesterol, low-fat diet, 423 Nutrition in the Elderly: The Boston Nutritional Status Survey, SC effect of weight loss and restoration in anorexia nervosa, 98 Hartz, RM Russell & IH Rosenberg (eds.), 134 endurance exercise, resistance training, and very-low-energy diet in RAP: Rapid Assessment Procedures, Qualitative Methodologies for obesity and, 1088 Planning and Evaluation of Health Related Programmes, NS lipoprotein response to low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet plus exercise Scrimshaw & GR GLeason (eds.), 135 training in glucose intolerance, 820 Understanding Nutrition (6th ed), EN Whitney & SR Rolfes, 435 of malnourished children, effects of high-protein diet, 5 Bowel, small. See [leostomy subject Native American women, predictive accuracy of bioelectrical impe- Brain, accretion of n-3 fatty acids, low-linolenic acid diet supplemented dance, 964 with docosahexaenoic acid (chick), 1338 obesity as adaptation to high-fat diet, 350 Brassica spp, cancer preventive properties, 1166S weight cycling and (rat), 560 Breast cancer, diet and, dietary assessment in, 146S Body fat Breast-feeding. See Infant nutrition; Milk, human after refeeding in anorexia nervosa, 98 Breast milk. See Milk, human carbohydrate intake and, 682S Breath ethane, lipid peroxidation in smokers, 6-carotene supplementa- cystic fibrosis children, 123 tion and, 884 gain, gestational weight gain and, 439S Breath hydrogen test measurement, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry vs densitometry vs effect of lactic acid bacteria on colonic fermentation and lactose mal- total body water, 547 absorption, 74 Native American women, predictive accuracy of bioelectrical impe- lactose digestion and tolerance in adult and elderly Asian-Americans, dance, 964 1021 Body mass index resistant starch and breath hydrogen excretion, 626 bone minerai density in elderly female lactoovovegetarians vs omni- Breath pentane, lipid peroxidation in smokers, 6-carotene supplemen- vores, 1197S tation and, 884 criteria for overweight in adolescent preventive services, 307 Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, in preterm infant, vitamin A supplemen- predictive values of childhood body mass index for overweight in tation of intravenous lipids in, 586 adulthood, 810 Buccal mucosal cells, carotenoids, tocopherols, and retinoids in, 636 prepregnancy, prediction of infant birth weight in gestational diabetes, 1409 Calcium relation to plasma lipid concentrations in elderly, 32 absorption Body temperature, nocturnal, restricted energy intake and, 346 during lactation, 593 Body water, total in vegetarians, 1238S assessment, in malnourished subjects with Crohn’s disease, 325 dietary intake body composition measurement, densitometry and dual-energy x-ray bone mineral density in elderly temale lactoovovegetarians vs om- absorptiometry vs, 547 nivores, 1197S cystic fibrosis children, 123 bone mineral density in phenylketonuric children and, 419 in pregnancy, bioelectrical impedance analysis, 578 effect on nutrient consumption, plasma lipids, and lipoproteins, 900 SUBJECT INDEX recommendations, 1238S plasma carotenoid concentration and, 896 requirements during pregnancy and lactation, 477S plasma response of children, 1369 mobilization from bone, during lactation, 593 Carotenoids status, in lactating women on vegetarian diets, 1182S in buccal mucosal cells, plasma intra- and interindividual variability supplementation, effect on nutrient consumption, plasma lipids, and and storage stability, 636 lipoproteins, 900 serum, carotenoid supplementation and, 896 in vegetarian diets, 1223S, 1238S serum levels, smoking and, 891 Calorimetry Case-control study, plasma homocysteine and early-onset coronary ar- indirect tery disease, 940 energy metabolism in pregnancy, 827 Catechelamines, postprandial response, high-fiber vs low-fiber meal, fat oxidation in obesity, 350 1386 metabolic effects of resistant starch, 879 Cellulose, metabolic effects, 879 total daily energy expenditure, physical activity, and obesity, 800 Chemoprevention, cancer preventive properties of Brassica spp, 1166S 24-hour energy expenditure and substrate utilization in body build- Cholecalciferol, for increased parathyroid hormone secretion in elderly ers, 10 population, 1040 whole-body, alcohol and postmeal fat storage, 619 Cholecystokinin, glycemic index, satiety, and cholecystokinin response, Campesterol, in vegetarians, cholesterol feeding and, 1325 787S Cancer. See also specific organs Cholestanol, fecal excretion, in vegetarians, cholesterol feeding and, bias in multicenter cohort studies on diet and cancer, calibration ap- 1325 proach to, 245S Cholesterol diet and, 1162S dietary dietary fiber and, 1242S cholesterol absorption and excretion in ileostomy subjects, 48 incidence cholesterol metabolism in vegetarians and, 1325 California Seventh-day Adventist population, 1136S citrus pectin plus, hepatic cholesterol homeostasis and (guinea pig), healthy Seventh-day Adventist lifestyle and risk of disease, 1124S 869 prevention, cancer preventive properties of Brassica spp, 1166S excretion by ileostomy subjects risk, micronutrient intake and, 1162S effect of dietary cholesterol, 48 Canola oil. See Rapeseed oil effect of dietary fiber, 785S Carbohydrate effect of rye bran, 389 absorption, 690S high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) food properties affecting, 699S dietary monounsaturated rapeseed oil vs polyunsaturated sunflower available, 679S oil in hyperlipidemia and, 667 complex, 679S effect of psyllium husk and seed, 395 dietary intake response to exercise training and low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet in dental health and, 719S glucose intolerance, 820 in diabetes, 742S diet glycemic index, 1265 low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) in elderly population, 773S dietary monounsaturated rapeseed oil vs polyunsaturated sunflower energy balance and, 682S oil in hyperlipidemia and, 667 exercise performance and, 790S effects of diet supplementation with nuts, 995 fat intake and insulin sensitivity, 686S food frequency and, 706S glycemic index, satiety, and cholecystokinin response, 787S metabolism effects of dietary cholesterol, 1325 dations and product development, 770S effects of dietary rapeseed oil with/without squalene, 356 postexercise energy balance and, 975 plasma postprandial thermogenesis, simple vs complex carbohydrate meal, animal protein and, 1153S 7898 carbohydrate intake and, 710S satiation and, 728S effects of dietary trans fatty acids, 861 sterol excretion by ileostomy subjects and, 785S effects of diet supplementation with nuts, 995 digestion, 690S itamune milk and, 929 food properties affecting, 699S pyruvate and, in obese Zucker rats, 331 fermentable, dental caries and, 788S serum healthfulness/nutritiousness of carbohydrate foods, 758S diet and, 1117S in human milk, 600 in African Americans, 103 lente (low glycemic index) dietary fiber and, 1242S postprandial insulin and glucose responses, 706S effect of dietary palmitic acid, 841 preexercise feeding and endurance performance, 791S effect of dietary rapeseed oil with/without squalene, 356 metabolism, thiamin deficiency and (rat), 1045 effect of low-fat, high-fiber diet, 935 nutritional classification of food carbohydrates, 679S effect of psyllium husk and seed, 395 oxidation, high-fat diet, 53 effect of stearic, palmitic, myristic, and lauric acids, 371 unavailable, 679S psyllium and, 395, 1055 Cardiovascular disease. See also Coronary heart disease total diet and, dietary assessment in, 146S healthy Seventh-day Adventist lifestyle and, 1124S protective effects of dietary n-3 fatty acids, 1060 whole vs skim milk consumption and, 612 risk factors, insulin resistance and, 686S Cholesterol esters, serum, fatty acid composition of, adherence to fat- Caries. See Dental caries modified diet and, 364 a-Carotene Chylomicron(s), metabolism, 795 serum, smoking and, 891 Citurus pectin. See Pectin supplementation, plasma carotenoid concentration and, 896 Coagulation B-Carotene effects of low-fat, high-fiber diet, 935 prevention of x-ray-induced genetic damage in lymphocytes, 409 effects of stearic, palmitic, myristic, and lauric acids, 371 serum, smoking and, 891 Cobalamin. See slao Vitamin B-12 supplementation deficiency, hyperhomocysteinemia and, redox status and protein bind- lipid peroxidation in smokers and, 884 ing of homocysteine in, 631 Vili SUBJECT INDEX Coconut, dietary intake, effects on plasma cholesterol and LDL choles- fructose intake in, 753S terol, 995 gestational Cognition, children’s self-reports of food intake, 212S modifying maternal fat intake in, 454S Cognitive dietary restraint. See Restrained eating prediction of infant birth weight, 1409 Cohort studies, bias in multicenter cohort studies on diet and cancer, glycemic index in, 747S calibration approach to, 245S insulin-dependent, nutritional consequences during pregnancy and lac- Colon tation, 465S fermentation lipid loading, gastric emptying, and glycemia, 782S effect of lactic acid bacteria, 74 non-insulin-dependent polydextrose, 1362 diet glycemic index, 1265 resistant starch, 626, 879 food structure and postprandial metabolism, 794S microbiology, effect of consumption of Bifidobacterium longum-en- insulin and glucagon secretion in, effects of vitamin D supplemen- riched yogurt, 428 tation, 1083 Colon cancer, resistant starch and, 626 Diet Communication, cultural issues, 190S in African Americans, coronary heart disease risk factors and, 103 Computer technology, meal- vs list-based methods of dietary assessment, bias in multicenter cohort studies on diet and cancer, calibration ap- 175S proach to, 245S Congenital anomaly, neural tube defect blood pressure and, 1130S maternal diet and, 532S bone density in elderly female lactoovovegetarians vs omnivores, maternal folate supplementation and, 511S 1197S Copper carbohydrate, fat, and insulin sensitivity, 686S content and bioavailability in vegetarian diets, 1223S carbohydrate intake. See also Carbohydrate, dietary intake influence on selenium enzymes (rat), 654 implications of food-carbohydrate research on nutrition recommen- Coronary artery disease dations and product development, 770S linoleic acid and (letter), 949, 1418 chronic degenerative disease and, 1153S plasma homocysteine levels and, 940 coronary heart disease and, 1117S triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and atherosclerosis, 795 dental caries and, 778S Coronary heart disease diabetic diet and, 1117S carbohydrates in, 742S dietary fiber and, 1242S fructose in, 753S linoleic acid and (/etter), 949, 1418 importance of glycemic index, 747S, 794S plasma lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein concentrations in elderly digestibility and metabolizability of energy during pregnancy, 827 population, relation to dietary intake, 32 disease and. See Disease, diet and risk factors diversity (letter), 950 in African Americans, diet and, 103 effect on immune function in elderly population, 572 diet and hyperinsulinemia in South Asian and European men, 1069 fat-modified, adherence to, fatty acid composition of serum cholesterol effects of low-fat, high-fiber diet, 935 esters and erythrocyte and platelet membranes and, 364 whole vs skim milk consumption and blood lipids, 612 fatty acid composition, glucose and lipid metabolism and, 1310 Corticosterone, plasma, thiamin deficiency and (rat), 1045 glycemic index, in diabetes mellitus, 1265 C-peptide, postprandial response, to vegetables in mixed meals, 793S high-calcium, effect on nutrient consumption, plasma lipids, and li- Creatinine, urinary iodine-creatinine ratio, evaluation of iodine status, poproteins in hypertension, 900 1415 high-fat Crohn’s disease. See also Ileostomy subject adaptation to, 350 malnutrition in, body composition assessment, 325 plasma nonesterified fatty acids and, 53 Cryptoxanthin, serum, smoking and, 891 response of fat-to-carbohydrate oxidation ratio in obesity-prone Culture. See Ethnicity subjects, 786S Culture studies high-protein, effect on body composition of malnourished children, 5 6-carotene prevention of micronuclei in lymphocytes exposed to x- intervention studies, 185S irradiation, 409 iron fortification, 644 fatty acid-mediated injury to vascular endothelium, glutathione redox lipid-lowering cycle in (porcine), 60 monounsaturated rapeseed oi! vs polyunsaturated sunflower oil, Cysteine, redox status and protein binding, in hyperhomocysteinemia 667 due to cobalamin deficiency, 631 monounsaturated vs polyunsaturated fatty acids, 115 Cysteinylglycine, redox status and protein binding, in hyperhomocystei- low-cholesterol, low-fat, pyruvate supplementation, effects on plasma nemia due to cobalamin deficiency, 631 lipids and body composition in hyperlipidemic subjects, 423 Cystic fibrosis, body composition in, 123 low-fat, ad libitum complex-carbohydrate diet vs low-energy diet in obesity, 980 Data analysis, relationship between data collection methodology and low-fat, high-carbohydrate, exercise training plus, lipoprotein re- analysis methodology, 253S sponse in glucose intolerance, 820 Data pooling, methodologic issues, 251S low-fat, high-fiber, effects on blood lipids, coagulation, and fibrinol- Deiodinase, copper and (rat), 654 ysis, 935 Densitometry, body composition, total body water and dual-energy x- low-protein, low-phosphorus, insulin clearance in chronic renal fail- ray absorptiometry vs, 547 ure, 663 Dental caries macrobiotic nutrition and child health, 1187S carbohydrate intake and, 719S, 758S, 770S methodologic issues for pooling dietary data, 251S diet and, 788S micronutrients and cancer, 1162S Deuterium dilution, body composition of cystic fibrosis children, 123 plasma lipoprotein profile of Mvskoke Indians and, 847 Diabetes mellitus relationship to plasma fatty acid composition and bleeding times of adolescent, glycemic effect and satiating capacity of potato chips and Alaskan Eskimos, 384 milk chocolate bars in, 792S relation to hyperinsulinemia in South Asian and European men, 1069 carbohydrate, fat, and insulin sensitivity, 686S relation to plasma lipid concentrations in elderly, 32 carbohydrate intake in, 710S, 742S restricted energy intake, effects on nocturnal body temperature and dietary fiber and, 1242S sleep patterns, 346 food-repertory grid, 201S serum cholesterol and, 1117S SUBJECT INDEX vegetarian. See Vegetarianism vegetarianism and, 1171S very-low-energy chronic degenerative disease and diet, 1153S cardiac response (rat), 566 diet and, 146S endurance exercise and weight training plus, in obesity, 1088 analytic epidemiology studies, 180S zinc deprivation, chronological changes in zinc concentrations during lifestyle and, Seventh-day Adventists, 1124S (pig), 649 nutrient/energy intake in elederly population and, 317 Dietary assessment methods Docosahexaenoic acid assessing sensitivity to change in diet-intervention research, 185S dietary fish oil and plasma and tissue lipids in formula-fed infants calibration approach to bias in multicenter cohort studies on diet and (pig), 1317 cancer, 245S dietary supplementation, accretion of n-3 fatty acids in brain and retina children’s food records vs school-lunch observations, 218S and (chick), 1338 children’s self-reports of food intake, cognitive model, 212S Doubly labeled water technique, energy expenditure collection of dietary supplement data, 232S obesity and, 800 culturally sensitive food-habit research, 190S validation of dietary surveys, 227S data analysis, relationship between data collection methodology and Drug therapy, vegetarianism and, 1171S analysis methcdology, 253S Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry eating patterns and nutrient intake of children, environmental influ- body composition assessment in malnourished subjects with Crohn's ences on data collection methods, 207S disease, 325 food-frequency questionnaire, 171S body composition measurement, densitometry and total body water design considerations for studies utilizing, 180S vs, 547 multicultural, 203S bone mineral density in phenylketonuric children, 419 semiquantitative, statistical issues, 262S food-intake surveys in estimating exposure to nonnutrients, 240S Eating behavior food-repertory grid, validation with diabetic population, 201S high-fat-diet challenge and, 786S meal- vs list-based methodology, 175S restrained eating. See Restrained eating methodologic issues for pooling dietary data, 251S Eating disorders, anorexia nervosa. See Anorexia nervosa multiple-day weighed record for estimating Senegalese children’s Eating patterns, of children, environmental influences on data collection food intakes during weaning, 266S methods, 207S national nutrition surveys in U.S., 164S Economic issues, global impact of meat consumption, 1099S need for improved methods in Eastern Europe, 273S Editorial NHANES III supplemental nutrition survey of older Americans, 224S with appreciation, | nutritional research on disease causation, 146S reestablishment of a section on international nutrition in AJCN, 1263 nutrition surveys in Eastern Europe, 157S EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), iron absorption from food, 644 nutrition surveys in Western Europe, 161S Education. See Nutrition education policy-making issues Eicosapentaenoic acid statement from World Health Organization, 271S dietary fish oil and plasma and tissue lipids in formula-fed infants statement of Food and Agriculture Organization, 269S (pig), 1317 rationale for international conference series, 143S plasma concentrations of Alaskan Eskimos, 384 research needs, 168S tissue concentration, dietary a-linolenic acid and, 1304 research priorities and recommendations, 275S Electroconductivity, total body (TOBEC), cystic fibrosis children, 123 standardization, 157S Endothelial cells, burrier function, fatty acid-mediated damage, glutathi- validation one redox cycle in (porcine), 60 for culturally diverse populations, 198S Endotoxin, glucose metabolic response to, thiamin deficiency and (rat), 24-hour urine nitrogen and energy expenditure, 227S 1045 validity of methods used for elderly populations, 221S Energy, in human milk, 600 Dietary restraint. See Restrained eating Energy balance Dietary supplements, data collection and misclassification of nutrient carbohydrate intake and, 682S status, 232S lipid-supplemented parenteral nutrition in neonates, 659 Dietary surveys. See also Nutrition surveys postexercise, diet composition and, 975 food-intake surveys in estimating exposure to nonnutrients, 240S Energy expenditure maternal nutrition, 542S daily (24-hour) validation, 24-hour urine nitrogen and energy expenditure, 227S effect of habitual exercise, 13 Western Europe, 161S effect of strength training, 10 Diet history measurement in respiratory chamber, 775S computerized, 175S in pregnancy, 827 of elderly subjects, 221S response of obesity-prone subjects to high-fat diet challenge, 786S validation for culturally diverse populations, 198S iron supplementation in iron deficiency and, 908 Dieting postexercise energy balance, diet composition and, 975 during lactation, milk production and, 833 resistant starch and, 879 during pregnancy and lactation, 446S resting Digestibility alcohol ingestion and, 805 of energy during pregnancy, 827 intragastric vs oral feeding, 971 plant protein foods, 1203S sleeping, measurement in respiratory chamber, 775S Digestion in smokers, 884 carbohydrate, 690S total daily, obesity and, 800 food properties affecting, 699S validation of dietary surveys, 227S rate of digestion of products prepared from different types of barley variation in Columbian women during course of one year, 20 flour, 780S Energy intake starch, guar gum viscosity and, 914 dietary, variation in Columbian women during course of one year, 20 Disaccharidase deficiency, 735S digestibility and metabolizability of energy during pregnancy, 827 Disaccharide maldigestion, 735S effects of aspartame vs sucrose, 338 Disease in elderly population, 317 chronic underreporting of, 1286 nutritional consequences during pregnancy and lactation, 465S during lactation, 42, 446S, 833 SUBJECT INDEX postexercise energy balance and, 975 gastric emptying of pasta and impact on postprandial glycemia, during pregnancy and lactation, 446S 2S requirements for term pregnancy, 439S gastric emptying rate, 781S restricted glucose and lipid metabolism and, 1310 cardiac response to significant weight loss (rat), 566 hidden, 774S effects on nocturnal body temperature and sleep patterns, 346 influence on serum lipid response to n-3 fats, 1060 during lactation, milk production and, 833 metabolic availability when ingested with carbohydrate, 53 24-hour, measurement in respirtatory chamber, 775S monounsaturated rapeseed oil vs polyunsaturated sunflower oil in weight cycling and (rat), 560 hyperlipidemia, 667 Energy metabolism obesity as adaptation to high-fat diet, 350 effect of strength training, 10 postexercise energy balance and, 975 during lactation, 42 excretion by ileostomy subjects during pregnancy, 439S, 827 effect of dietary fiber, 785S Energy value, polydextrose, 1362 effect of rye bran, 389 Environment, influence on dietary data collection in children, 207S in human milk, 600 Environmental issues Fat-free mass (FFM) environmental responsibility and livestock industry, 1110S cystic fibrosis children, 123 global impact of meat consumption, 1099S effect of strength training, 10 Enzyme inhibitors, postprandial insulin and glucose responses to lente malnourished children, effects of high-protein diet, 5 carbohydrates, 706S malnourished subjects with Crohn's disease, 325 Epidemiology measurement, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry vs densitometry vs analytic studies of diet and disease, design considerations, 180S total body water, 547 bias in multicenter cohort studies on diet and cancer, calibration ap- Native American women, predictive accuracy of bioelectrical impe- proach to, 245S dance, 964 collection of dietary supplement data, 232S Fat oxidation culturally sensitive food-habit research, 190S high-fat meal, 53 healthy Seventh-day Adventist lifestyle and risk of disease, 1124S in obesity, 350 meal- vs list-based methods of dietary assessment, 175S postprandial, high-fiber vs low-fiber meal, 1386 methodologic issues for pooling dietary data, 251S Fatty acids validation of dietary assessment methods for culturally diverse pop- cis, effects on plasma lipids and lipoproteins, 861 ulations, 198S composition of serum cholesterol esters and erythrocyte and platelet Errata, 1095 membranes, adherence to fat-modified diet and, 364 Erythrocyte(s) dietary membrane, fatty acid composition of, adherence to fat-modified diet glucose metabolism and, 1310 and, 364 platelet function and, 1117S pyridoxal 5’-phosphate concentration, in lactating mothers and their effect on endothelial cell barrier function, glutathione redox cycle in infants, 1297 (porcine), 60 Erythrocyte aspartate transaminase stimulation test, in lactating mothers free, plasma, resistant starch and, 879 and their infants, 1297 monounsaturated Ethane. See Breath ethane effects on plasma cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, 995 Ethnicity polyunsaturated fatty acids vs, in lipid-lowering diet, 115, 667 culturally sensitive food-habit research, 190S n-3. See also Fish; Fish oils diet and hyperinsulinemia in South Asian and European men, 1069 accretion in brain and retina, low-linolenic acid diet supplemented lactose digestion and tolerance in adult and elderly Asian-Americans, with docosahexaenoic acid (chick), 1338 1021 dietary fish oil and plasma and tissue lipids in formula-fed infants multicultural food-frequency questionnaire, use with pregnant and lac- (pig), 1317 tating women, 203S dietary monounsaturated rapeseed oi! vs polyunsaturated sunflower validation of dietary assessment methods for culturally diverse pop- oil in hyperlipidemia and, 667 ulations, 198S plasma n-3 PUFA concentrations of Alaskan Eskimos, 384 Exercise n-6, plasma, effect on immune function in elderly population, 572 cycle ergometer exercise during lactation, effect on metabolic rate, 42 neutrophil, eicosapentaenoic acid concentration, dietary a-linolenic endurance exercise, resistance training, and very-low-energy diet in acid and, 1304 obesity, 1088 nonesterified, plasma, effect of high-fat and carbohydrate meal, 53 endurance performance odd-chain, in propionate metabolism, 1332 carbohydrate intake and, 790S plasma, eicosapentaenoic acid concentration, dietary a-linolenic acid lente carbohydrate feeding and, 791S and, 1304 energy balance after, diet composition and, 975 polyunsaturated habitual, effect on daily energy expenditure and metabolic rate, 13 effect on immune function in elderly population, 572 low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet plus, lipoprotein response in glucose effect on plasma cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, 995 intolerance, 820 monounsaturated fatty acids vs, in lipid-lowering diet, 115, 667 during pregnancy and lactation, 446S plasma n-3 PUFA concentrations, diet, and bleeding times of Alas- resting metabolic rate, preexercise resting data vs nonexercise control- kan Eskimos, 384 day resting data, 28 supplementation during pregnancy, 454S strength training. See Strength training saturated dietary palmitic acid and serum cholesterol concentration, 841 Factor VII coagulant activity effects of stearic, palmitic, myristic, and lauric acids on blood lipids effects of low-fat, high-fiber diet, 935 and factor VII coagulant activity, 371 effects of stearic, palmitic, myristic, and lauric acids, 371 effects of trans fatty acids on plasma lipids and lipoproteins, 861 Fat serum lipid composition, calculation (/etters), 1093 body. See Body fat short-chain, fecal excretion, effect of consumption of Bifidobacterium dietary longum-enriched yogurt, 428 blood pressure and, 1130S trans, effects on plasma lipids and lipoproteins, 861 carbohydrate intake and insulin sensitivity, 686S Fermentation, colonic effects of trans fatty acids on plasma lipids and lipoproteins, effect of lactic acid bacteria, 74 INDEX xi polydextrose, 1362 postprandial metabolism in non-insulin-dependent diabetes and, 794S resistant starch, 626, 879 Formula feeding. See Infant nutrition Ferritin, serum Fructose, dietary intake ascorbic acid supplementation and, 1381 in diabetes mellitus, 753S iron status, 502S plasma lipids and, 710S Fetus, maternal vitamin A status and, 517S Fiber, dietary blood pressure and, 1130S Gastric acid, basal output, iron absorption and, 1376 Gastric emptying chronic degenerative disease and diet, 1153S definition, 679S effect of guar gum, 87, 776S effect of physical activity, 778S effect on postprandial thermogenesis, fat oxidation, and satiety, 1386 fat and starch gastric emptying rate, double-isotopic study, 781S glycemic index, satiety, and cholecystokinin response, 787S lipid loading and, 782S health benefits, 1242S Gastric inhibitory polypeptide, postprandiai response, high-fiber vs low- hypocholesterolemic effect of psyllium, method of administration and, fiber meal, 1386 1055 Gastrointestinal tract intake in elderly population, 773S amino acid losses, 70 postprandial glycemic response to bread containing intact kernals vs dietary fiber and, 1242S milled flour, 779S transit time, effect of consumption of Bifidobacterium longum-en- rate of digestion of products prepared from different types of barley riched yogurt, 428 flour, 780S Geriatric population recommended dietary intake, 1242S biological variation in iron-status indexes in elderly women (letter), satiating effects, delayed gastric emptying vs slowed intestinal ab- 130 sorption, 87 carbohydrate intake in, 773S soluble cholecalciferol and parathyroid hormone secretion, 1040 lipid profiles after daily consumption of oat-based cereal, 66 dietary assessment methods, 221S postprandial glucose and insulin responses, effect of food structure energy intake in, underreporting of, 1286 and amylose-amylopectin ratio, 1075 immune function, effect of diet and plasma fatty acid composition, postprandial glycemic response to, 776S $72 satiety and postprandial metabolic response to, 793S iron stores and iron absorption, 1376 sterol excretion by ileostomy subjects and, 785S lactose digestion and tolerance in elderly Asian-Americans, 1021 supplementation, hypocholesterolemic effects, 1050 NHANES III supplemental nutrition survey of older Americans, 224S in vegetarian diets, trace element bioavailability and, 1223S plasma lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein concentrations, relation Fibrinolysis to dietary intake, 32 effects of low-fat, high-fiber diet, 935 plasma vitamin E concentration and insulin action in, 1291 effects of stearic, palmitic, myristic, and lauric acids, 371 undernutrition and disease, 317 Fish, dietary intake, serum lipid response to, influence of dietary fat vitamin B-12 requirements (/etter), 1093 intake, 1060 vitamin D intake, sunlight exposure, and plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin Fish oils, dietary intake D concentration in elderly women, 80 serum lipid response to, influence of dietary fat intake, 1060 Global warming, global impact of meat consumption, 1099S tissue eicosapentaenoic acid concentrations and, 1304 Glucagon Flaxseed oil, dietary intake, tissue eicosapentaenoic acid concentrations plasma, thiamin deficiency and (rat), 1045 and, 1304 secretion, in non-insulin-dependent diabetes, effects of vitamin D sup- Folate plementation, 1083 deficiency, S-adenosylmethionine response to methionine loading {-Glucans, rate of digestion of products prepared from different types (rat), 1033 of barley flour, 780S dietary intake, cancer and, 1162S Gluconeogenesis, thiamin deficiency and (rat), 1045 plasma homocysteine and, 940 Glucose Folic acid, supplementation, in women of childbearing age, 532S dietary intake, plasma lipids and, 710S neural tube defects and, 511S kinetics, thiamin deficiency and (rat), 1045 Food and Agriculture Organization, dietary assessment issues, 269S metabolic disposal, 682S Food frequency, postprandial insulin and glucose responses, 706S metabolism, fatty acid composition of high-fat diet and, 1310 Food-frequency questionnaire plasma design considerations for studies utilizing, 180S resistant starch and, 879 development of, future directions, 171S thiamin deficiency and (rat), 1045 multicultural, use with pregnant and lactating women, 203S postprandial response semiquantitative, statistical issues, 262S amylose content and effect of food matrix, 784S Food habits, cultura! characteristics, 190S to barley products, 1075 Food intake to bread containing intact kernals vs milled flour, 779S children’s self-reports, cognitive model, 212S to carbohydrates, food structure and, 699S error in estimation, relationship between data collection methodology to guar gum, 776S, 914 and analysis methodology, 253S high-fiber vs low-fiber meal, 1386 food-intake surveys in estimating exposure to nonnutrients, 240S lipid loading and gastric emptying and, 782S multiple-day weighed record for estimating Senegalese children’s in non-insulin-dependent diabetes, food structure and, 794S food intakes during weaning, 266S to potato chips and milk chocolate bars in diabetic teenagers, 792S nutrient calculation, lack of uniformity in methodology, 157S processing and metabolic response to legumes, 783S Food recall, 24-hour, clarification via food-frequency questionnaire in relation to satiety and cholecystokinin response, 787S pregnant and lacta*ing women, 203S simple vs complex carbohydrate meal, 789S Food structure to vegetables in mixed meals, 793S food matrix and impact of amylose on postprandial glucose and insulin turnover, in elderly population, plasma vitamin E concentration and, responses, 784S 1291 influence on glucose and insulin responses to barley products, 1075 Glucose tolerance, pyruvate and, in obese Zucker rats, 331 metabolic response to starch in bread containing intact kernels vs Glucose transporter(s) milled flour, 779S GLUT2, 690S metabolic response to starch in cereal and legume products, 777S GLUTS, 690S xii SUBJECT INDEX Glutamine, metabolism, response to enteral and intravenous feeding, 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, he- 1395 patic activity, dietary citrus pectin and (guinea pig), 869 Glutathione, protective effect in fatty acid-mediated injury to vascular 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, plasma, in elderly women, effect of dietary vita- endothelium (porcine), 60 min D intake and sunlight exposure, 80 Glutathione peroxidase Hypercholesterolemia copper and (rat), 654 dietary fiber in, 1050 protective effect in fatty acid-mediated injury to vascular endothelium method of administration and hypocholesterolemic effect of psyl- (porcine), 60 lium, 1055 Glutathione reductase, protective effect in fatty acid-mediated injury to effects of dietary rapeseed oil with/without squalene, 356 vascular endothelium (porcine), 60 immune milk in, 929 Glycemia, postprandial, prediction of infant birth weight in gestational Hyperinsulinemia diabetes, 1409 carbohydrate, fat, and insulin sensitivity, 686S Glycemic index carbohydrate intake in, 710S bread containing intact kernals vs milled flour, 779S Hyperlipidemia carbohydrate foods, 699S carbohydrate, fat, and insulin sensitivity, 686S in diabetes, 747S, 794S, 1265 carbohydrate intake in, 710S diet, in diabetes mellitus, 1265 dietary monounsaturated rapeseed oil vs polyunsaturated sunflower oil low, carbohydrate foods, 706S. See also Carbohydrate, lente in, 667 metabolic response to starch in cereal vs legume products, in vitro dietary monounsaturated vs polyunsaturated fatty acids in, 115 approach, 777S of pregnancy, 454S simple vs complex carbohydrate meal, 789S pyruvate supplementation of low-cholesterol, low-fat diet in, 423 Glycogen Hyperphagia, high-fat-diet challenge and, 786S liver, thiamin deficiency and (rat), 1045 Hypertension muscle in African Americans, diet and, 103 exercise performance and, 790S diet and, 1130S pyruvate and, in obese Zucker rats, 331 in African Americans, 103 Glycolysis, in intense exercise, 790S dietary assessment in, 146S Goiter, assessment, iodine status and, 1415 high-calcium diet in, effect on nutrient consumption, plasma lipids, Graham, Sylvester, 1103S and lipoproteins, 900 Growth and development in pregnancy, modifying maternal fat intake in, 454S children reared on vegetarian diets, 1176S Hypertriglyceridemia, lipoprotein lipolysis in, 379 cystic fibrosis children, 123 macrobiotic nutrition and child health, 1187S Tleostomy subject pyruvate and, in obese Zucker rats, 331 cholesterol absorption and excretion, effect of dietary cholesterol, 48 zinc supplementation of infant formula, 985 Guar gum contribution of gastrointestinal amino acid losses to maintenance requirements, 70 postprandial glycemic response to, 776S, 914 effect of psyllium husk and seed on sterol metabolism, 395 satiating effects, delayed gastric emptying vs slowed intestinal absorption, 87 effect of rye bran on excretion of bile acids, cholesterol, nitrogen, and fat, 389 sterol excretion, effects of dietary fiber, 785S Haig, Alexander, 1103S Immune function Hair, chronological changes in zinc concentrations during dietary zinc in elderly population, effect of diet and plasma fatty acid composition, deprivation (pig), 649 572 Health, global impact of meat consumption, 1099S vitamin A and, 922 Health care reform, implications for medical nutrition therapy, 1275 Immune milk, hypocholesterolemic and blood pressure effects, 929 Health reform, historical development of vegetarianism, 1103S Infant, breast-fed, vitamin B-6 status, 1297 Health services, utilization of, vegetarianism and, 1171S Infant, newborn Heart, response to rapid weight loss in obesity (rat), 566 low birth weight, maternal iron-deficiency anemia and, 492S Heart rate neural tube defect, maternal folate supplementation and, 511S iron supplementation in iron deficiency and, 908 Infant, preterm, vitamin A intake and status, vitamin A supplementation simple vs complex carbohydrate meal, 789S of intravenous lipids and, 586 Hematologic parameters, macrobiotic nutrition and child health, 1187S Infant nutrition Hepatic triglyceride lipase, lipoprotein lipolysis in hypertriglyceridemia, breast-milk intake and human milk macronutrient content and influ- 379 encing factors, 600 Holohaptocorrin, serum, staging vitamin B-12 status in vegetarians, formula feeding 1213S dietary fish oil and plasma and tissue lipids (pig), 1317 Holotranscobalamin II, serum, staging vitamin B-12 status in vegetari- low-linolenic acid diet supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid, ans, 1213S accretion of n-3 fatty acids in brain and retina and (chick), 1338 Homocysteine zinc supplementation, 985 plasma importance of maternal vitamin A status, 517S coronary artery disease and, 940 lipid-supplemented parenteral nutrition, metabolic consequences, 659 response to methionine loading, vitamin B-6 deficiency vs folate vitamin A intake and status of preterm infant, vitamin A supplemen- deficiency (rat), 1033 tation of intravenous lipids and, 586 redox status and protein binding, in hyperhomocysteinemia due to Instrument effect, multipie-day weighed record for estimating Senega- cobalamin deficiency, 631 lese children’s food intakes during weaning, 266S Hunger ratings, effects of aspartame vs sucrose, 338 Insulin Hydrodensitometry, body composition of Native American women, 964 action, in elderly population, plasma vitamin E concentration and, Hydrogen 1291 breath hydrogen excretion. See Breath hydrogen test metabolic clearance rate, in chronic renal failure, low-protein, low- resistant starch and breath hydrogen excretion, 626 phosphorus diet and, 663 Hydrolysis index plasma metabolic response to starch in cereal vs legume products, in vitro pyruvate and, in obese Zucker rats, 331 approach, 777S resistant starch and, 879 processing and metabolic response to legumes, 783S thiamin deficiency and (rat), 1045 SUBJECT INDEX Xili postprandial response Kellogg, John Harvey, 1103S amylose content and effect of food matrix. 784S Kidney, net acid excretion, estimation, 1356 to barley products, 1075 Kidney failure, chronic, insulin clearance in, low-protein, low-phospho- to bread containing intact kernals vs milled flour, 779S rus diet and, 663 to carbohydrates food structure and, 699S Labor and delivery, premature lente carbohydrate foods, 706S dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and, 454S to guar gum, 776S, 914 maternal iron-deficiency anemia and, 492S high-fiber vs low-fiber meal, 1386 Lactase deficiency, 735S lipid loading and gastric emptying and, 782S Lactate in non-insulin-dependent diabetes, food structure and, 794S plasma, thiamin deficiency and (rat), 1045 to potato chips and milk chocolate bars in diabetic teenagers, 792S production, in intense exercise, 790S processing and metabolic response to legumes, 783S Lactation relation to satiety and cholecystokinin response, 787S calcium kenetics during, 593 simple vs complex carbohydrate meal, 789S calcium requirements, 477S to vegetables in mixed meals, 793S dieting during, 446S secretion, in non-insulin-dependent diabetes, effects of vitamin D sup- milk production and, 833 plementation, 1083 effect on energy metabolism, 42 serum, relation to diet in South Asian and European men, 1069 exercise during, 446S Insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins, serum, response to intrave- infant breast-milk intake, human milk macronutrient content and in- nous vs intragastric feeding (rat), 1403 fluencing factors, 600 Insulin-like growth factor-I, serum, response to intravenous vs intragas- magnesium homeostasis, 990 tric feeding (rat), 1403 maternal vitamin A status, 517S Insulin resistance, 686S maternal vitamin B-6 status, 1297 lipoprotein response to low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet plus exercise modifying fat intake during, 454S training, 820 nutritional consequences of lupus and diabetes, 465S pyruvate and, in obese Zucker rats, 331 nutritional status in vegetarians, 1182S relation to diet in South Asian and European men, 1069 promoting positive nutritional practices during, 525S International nutrition, Editorial, 1263 vitamin D supplementation in, 484S Intestinal absorption Lactic acid bacteria, effect on colonic fermentation and lactose malab- calcium, during lactation, 593 sorption, 74 in calculation of renal net acid excretion, 1356 Lactobacillus acidophilus. See Lactic acid bacteria carbohydrate, 690S Lactose, dietary intake, in elderly population, 773S food properties affecting, 699S Lactose intolerance, in adult and elderly Asian-Americans, 1021 cholesterol Lactose malabsorption, lactic acid bacteria in, 74 effects of dietary cholesterol, 1325 Lactose maldigestion, 735S in ileostomy subjects, effect of dietary cholesterol, 48 metabolism and tolerance of lactose in adult and elderly Asian-Amer- effect of guar gum, 87 icans, 1021 glucose, guar gum viscosity and, 914 Late luteal phase dysphoric disorder (letter), 1419 iron Lauric acid ascorbic acid suppicmeniation and, 1381 effect on blood lipids and factor VII coagulant activity, 371 effect of EDTA, 644 effect on serum cholesterol concentration, 841 iron stores and, 1376 Lean body mass plasma response of children to short-term 6-carotene supplementation, bone mineral density in elderly female lactoovovegetarians vs omni- 1369 vores, 1197S Intestinal motility, effect of guar gum, 776S distribution in obesity, magnetic resonance imaging, 1277 Legumes Iodine postprandial glycemic and insulinemic response to, processing and, status, goiter assessment and urinary iodine-creatinine ratio, 1415 783S supplementation, in women of childbearing potential, 532S satiety and postprandial metabolic response to, 793S Iron Letters absorption biological variation in iron-status indexes in elderly women, 130 ascorbic acid supplementation and, 1381 dietary diversity and health, 950 effect of EDTA, 644 linoleic acid and coronary artery disease, 949, 1418 iron stores and, 1376 lipid fatty acids calculated on a concentration vs percentage basis, bioavailability, ascorbic acid supplementation and, 1381 1093 dietary intake, effect on spontaneous physical activity (rat), 413 nurses need education too, 129 status operational equivalence between segmental and whole-body bioelec- biological variation in iron-status indexes in elderly women (/etter), trical impedance in renal patients, 675 130 premenstrual syndrome does exist, 1419 of vegetarians, 1233S prophylactic vitamin C: misplaced zeal, 131 supplementation supplementation study compliance and the role of health care staff, compliance (letter), 433 433 in iron deficiency, effect on work productivity, 908 vitamin B-12 and elderly people, 1093 Iron deficiency Leucine in children reared on vegetarian diets, 1176S homeostasis, tracer-derived estimates, 1000 effect on spontaneous physical activity (rat), 413 kinetics iron supplementation in, effect on work productivity, 908 dietary nonspecific nitrogen and, 1347 in pregnancy, 542S response to enteral and intravenous feeding, 1395 assessment, 502S oxidation in vegetarians, 1176S, 1233S tracer-derived estimates of leucine balance, 1000 Iron-deficiency anemia tracer-derived estimates of leucine requirements, 1000 in children reared on vegetarian diets, 1176S requirements, tracer-derived estimates, 1000 in pregnancy, 492S Linoleic acid, coronary artery disease and (letter), 949, 1418 XIV SUBJECT INDEX Linolenic acid, dietary intake, accretion of n-3 fatty acids in brain and dietary intake, bone mineral density in phenylketonuric children and, retina and (chick), 1338 419 a-Linolenic acid, dietary intake, tissue eicosapentaenoic acid concentra- homeostasis, during lactation, 990 tions and, 1304 Magnetic resonance imaging, adipose tissue distribution, gender differ- Lipases, lipoprotein lipolysis in hypertriglyceridemia, 379 ences, 1277 Lipemia, postprandial, sucrose in lipid-rich meal and, 853 Malabsorption Lipid(s) glucose-galactose, 690S dietary fish oil and plasma and tissue lipids in formula-fed infants lactose, lactic acid bacteria in, 74 (pig), 1317 vitamin E, in short-bowel syndrome, vitamin E supplementation for, intravenous, vitamin A supplementation, for preterm infants, 586 1270 metabolism, fatty acid composition of high-fat diet and, 1310 Maldigestion plasma lactose, 735S carbohydrate intake and, 710S sucrose, 735S {-carotene supplementation and lipid peroxidation in smokers, 884 Malnutrition effect of daily consumption of oat-based cereal, 66 body composition of malnourished children after dietary supplemen- effects of dietary trans fatty acids, 861 tation, 5 effects of pyruvate supplementation in hyperlipidemic subjects on in Crohn’s disease, body composition assessment, 325 low-cholesterol, low-fat diet, 423 dental caries and, salivary defense system in, 788S eicosapentaenoic acid concentration, dietary a-linolenic acid and, scientific issues, 1255S 1304 Manganese, content and bioavailability in vegetarian diets, 1223S in elderly population, relation to dietary intake, 32 Maternal nutrition high-calcium diet and, in hypertension, 900 calcium requirements, 477S of ileostomy subjects, effect of rye bran, 389 diet and pregnancy outcome, 532S in Mvskoke Indians, diet and, 847 dieting during pregnancy, 446S whole vs skim milk consumption and, 612 energy and macronutrient intake, 474S serem energy requirements for term pregnancy, 439S in African Americans, diet and, 103 folate supplementation and neural tube defects, 511S carotenoid supplementation and, 896 importance of maternal vitamin A status in infancy and early child- dietary monounsaturated vs polyunsaturated fatty acids and, 115 hood, 517S effects of stearic, palmitic, myristic, and lauric acids, 371 in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, 465S fatty acid composition, calculation (letters), 1093 iron deficiency, assessment, 502S fructose ingestion and, 753S iron-deficiency anemia and pregnancy outcome, 492S response to dietary n-3 fats, influence of dietary fat intake, 1060 magnesium homeostasis, 990 Lipolysis, lipoproteins, in hypertriglyceridemia, 379 maternal/infant dyad, 542S Lipopolysaccharide, enhancement of anti-tetanus toxoid antibody re- modifying fat intake, 454S sponse (rat), 922 promoting positive nutritional practices during pregnancy and lacta- Lipoprotein(s) tion, 525S high-density, whole vs skim milk consumption and, 612 symposium introduction, 437S lipolysis, in hypertriglyceridemia, 379 symposium overview and analysis, 542S low-density in systemic lupus erythematosus, 465S dietary citrus pectin and (guinea pig), 869 vegetarian population, 1182S whole vs skim milk consumption and, 612 McCollum Award Lecture, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and atheroscle- plasma rosis—new perspectives, 795 effects of dietary trans fatty acids, 861 Measurement errors in elderly population, relation to dietary intake, 32 calibration approach to bias in multicenter cohort studies on diet and high-calcium diet and, in hypertension, 900 cancer, 245S in Mvskoke Indians, diet and, 847 food-frequency questionnaire, semiquantitative, 262S serum meal- vs list-based methods of dietary assessment, 175S effect of dietary palmitic acid, 841 Memory, children’s self-reports of food intake, 212S effect of stearic, palmitic, myristic, and lauric acids, 371 Menstrual cycle, luteal phase fatty acid composition of high-fat diet and, 1310 effect of restrained eating, 92 in pregnancy, 454S late luteal phase dysphoric disorder (etter), 1419 response to dietary n-3 fats, influence of dietary fat intake, 1060 Metabolic rate in vegetarians, 1325 alcohol ingestion and, 805 triglyceride-rich, in sucrose-induced postprandial triglyceridemia, 853 basal very-low-density, metabolism, 795 measurement in respiratory chamber, 775S Lipoprotein lipase variation in Columbian women during course of one year, 20 activity after high-fat and carbohydrate meal, 53 effect of habitual exercise, 13 lipoprotein lipolysis in hypertriglyceridemia, 379 resting Liver, cholesterol homeostasis, dietary citrus pectin in (guinea pig), 869 effect of sedentary activities, 556 Lung, function, dietary vitamin C intake and, 110 endurance exercise, resistance training, and very-low-energy diet in Lupus erythematosus, systemic, nutritional consequences during preg- obesity and, 1088 nancy and lactation, 465S during lactation, 42 Lutein/zeaxanthin, serum, smoking and, 891 preexercise data vs nonexercise control-day data, 28 Lycopene pyruvate and, in obese Zucker rats, 331 serum, smoking and, 891 variation in Columbian women during course of one year, 20 suppiementation, plasma carotenoid concentration and, 896 Methane, resistant starch and breath methane excretion, 626 Lymphocyte(s), x-ray induction of micronuclei, 6-carotene prevention Methionine loading, vitamin B-6 deficiency vs folate deficiency (rat), of, 409 1033 Methylmalonic acid, excretion, in lactating women on vegetarian diets, 1182S Macrobiotic diet, child health, 1187S Methylmalonic acidemia, 1332 Macronutrient(s), balance, alcohol and postmeal fat storage, 619 Micronuclei, x-ray induction of micronuclei in lymphocytes, 6-carotene Magnesium prevention of, 409