Table Of Content

Subject Index Volume 46 Abdomen, distribution of adipose tissue accumulation, estimation from Anthropometry simple anthropometric measurements, 471 error in nomograms for estimating body mass index, 435 Absorptiometry, dual-photon, spinal bone density in healthy postmeno- estimation of deep abdominal adipose tissue accumulation, 471 pausal females, 927 influence on measurements of pregnancy outcome and neonatal be- Absorption havioral organization, 657 iron Antioxidants. See also Vitamin C; Vitamin E calcium supplementation and (/etter), 607 serum urate, 1129S low-phytate barley fiber concentrate and, 553 Apolipoprotein(s) manganese and zinc and, 152 plasma, n-3 fatty acids and, 118 nonheme, species differences, 723 serum, polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched diet and, 104 vitamin D, in short bowel, 548 Apolipoprotein B Acetate, need for in neonates on cysteine-supplemented TPN, 565 in normotriglyceridemic subjects, dietary fish and, 334 Acetylcholine receptor, in muscle cell cultures, ascorbic acid-induced plasma levels, coffee and, 599 collagen secretion and (rat), 1184S Apolipoprotein B-100, response to oat bran/wheat bran intake, in hy- Acidosis, neonatal, cysteine-supplemented TPN and, 565 percholesterolemic men, 678 Adipose tissue Arachidonic acid, in platelet phospholipids, dietary fatty acids and, 351 deep abdominal accumulation, estimation from simple anthropometric Arthritis, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in, 438 measurements, 471 ASCN/ASPEN Working Group on Standards for Aluminum Content quantitation and distribution, magnetic resonance imaging, 18 of Parenteral Nutrition Solutions Report (/etter), 612 subcutaneous, fatty acid composition, diet and, 340 Ascorbate. See Ascorbic acid white, essential fatty acid composition, human colostrum EFA com- Ascorbic acid. See also Vitamin C position vs, 829 accumulation, in cultured human skin fibroblasts, 1144S Adolescence adriamycin toxicity and (animals), 1298S age at menarche, nutrient intake and, 649 anti-HIV activities, 1231S calcium absorption efficiency and requirements, 261S L-ascorbic acid-modulated growth of human leukemic, preleukemic, calcium metabolism and requirements, 245S and myeloma progenitor cells, 1241S influence of calcium intake and growth indexes on vertebral bone cancer and, epidemiologic evidence, 1310S mineral density in females, 425 carnitine biosynthesis and, 1147S iron requirements and menstruation, 1047 cartilage cell metabolism and, 1209S plasma retino!, 6-carotene, and a-tocopherol during, 884 collagen secretion and, acetylcholine receptor regulation in muscle Adrenal medulla, ascorbate secretion, 1163S cell cultures and (rat), 1184S Adriamycin, toxicity, ascorbic acid and (animals), 1298S collagen synthesis and, 1141S, 1144S Age/aging complement Clq activity and (guinea pig), 1228S gestational, birth weight and, 657 copper transport and, 1193S nutrient intake and age at menarche, 649 cytochrome b561 and, 1173S sensory-specific satiety and, 988 dietary, fecal mutagen elimination and, 1302S Albumin, serum, TPN and, in bone-marrow transplant recipient, 1087 in dopamine 8-hydroxylation, 1163S Alcohol estrogen-induced renal tumors and (hamster), 1256S consumption in eye, 1198S diet and obesity and, 49 in foods, sample variability, 1323S energy deficit and, 976 inhibition of methylcholanthrene-induced transformation in C3H/ osteoporotic fractures and, 157 10T 1/2 cells, 1236S metabolism, missing calories in, 47 inhibitory effect on human mammary tumor xenografts, 1274S Alkaline phosphatase, chondrocytes, ascorbic acid and, 1209S iron metabolism and, 1188S Aluminun, in parenteral nutrition solutions (/etter), 612, 951 multicompartmental secretion, 1163S Amidation, ascorbic acid and, 1153S neuroendocrine peptide syntiesis and, 1153S Amino acids. See also specific amino acids neutrophil bactericidal activity and (animals), 1214S branched-chain amino acid interactions, 395, 402 in neutrophils, 1221S plasma free, postprandial changes, 1017 norepinephrine synthesis and, 1157S sulfur, requirement in adults, 377, 386 as oxygen free radical scavenger, 1119S Anemia phorbol ester-induced skin-tumor promotion and (mouse), 1266S iron-deficiency plasma, 712, 1315S detection in pregnancy, 1077 analysis of, dietary erythorbic acid and, 1319S lymphocyte proliferation in, 944 interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cell therapy and, iron status and, 1071 1292S Anorectic drugs, fluoxetine, 321 prooxidant activity, 1125S Am J Clin Nutr 1991;54:v-xv. Printed in USA. © 1991 American Society for Clinical Nutrition SUBJECT INDEX protection against oxidative damage to lipids in plasma and low-density plasma retinol, 8-carotene, and a-tocopherol during adolescence and, lipoproteins, 1113S 884 protein oxidation and, 1125S Body mass index proton-electron transfer with cytochrome b561, 1179S alcohol intake and, 49 radiation effects on bone marrow, skin, and tumor and (mouse), 1281S glucose intolerance in elderly and, 136 regeneration, 1163S nomogram for determining, error in, 435 requirements reference data for obesity, 85th and 95th percentiles of bouy mass in situ kinetics approach, 1157S index, 773 for procollagen hydroxylation and secretion, 1135S Body size, meat consumption and, 930 Rous sarcoma virus replication and oncogenic transformation of cell Body water, total culture and, 1247S low-birth-weight infants, bioelectrical resistance and, 296 serum, 712, 1315S multiple-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis, 26 serum urate as antioxidant for, 1129S Bone spontaneous mammary tumors and (mouse), 1252S calcium accretion, in children and adolescents, 261S synthesis, gulonolactone oxidase deficiency and, 1203S calcium loss, relation to dermal, intestinal and renal obligatory loss transport, in cultured human skin fibroblasts, 1144S of calcium, 266S treatment of experimental transplanted melanoma (mouse), 1284S formation, calcium metabolism and requirements during, 245S UV-light-induced skin tumors and (mouse), 1252S turnover, dietary calcium and, 266S vitamin B-12 plus, in Ehrlich carcinoma and L1210 leukemia (mouse), Bone disease, metabolic, 179S 1261S Bone loss, calcium supplementation and, 274S Ascorbyl palmitate Bone marrow adriamycin toxicity and (animals), 1298S radiation effects, ascorbic acid and (mouse), 1281S phorbol ester-induced skin-tumor promotion and (mouse), 1266S transplantation, TPN in, metabolic homeostasis and, 1087 Atherosclerosis, oxidized low-density lipoprotein in, 701 Bone mass, peak Autoimmune disorders, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in, 438 calcium metabolism and requirements and, 245S calcium nutrition during adolescence and, 425 evolutionary perspective, 281S Bakery products, wheat-based, hypocholesterolemic effects, 836 Bone mineral density Barley fiber, low-phytate, effect on calcium, magnesium, zinc and iron in premenopausal women (letter), 169 balances, 553 vertebral Bed rest, experimental diet and, protein turnover in (/etter), 607 calcium intake and Beef tallow, dietary, effects on serum lipids and lipoproteins, 1036 in adolescent females, 425 Behavior, neonatal, determinants of, 657 in healthy postmenopausal women, 927 Betaine, supplementation, effect on methionine transmethylation and in premenopausal vegetarian and nonvegetarian females, 1005 homocysteine remethylation in adult males, 386 Book reviews Bifidobacterium bifidus, effect on in vivo lactose digestion, 104i Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition and Human Performance (ed Bile salts, intraluminal concentration, vitamin D absorption in Crohn’s 3), WL) McArdle, FI Katch, VL Katch, 175 disease and intestinal resection and, 548 Health Effects of w3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Seafoods, AP Bilirubin, intravenous lipid infusions and, in premature infant, 1024 Simopoulos, et al (eds), 175 Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) Mediterranean Diets in Health and Disease, GA Spiller (ed), 771 body composition of low-birth-weight infants, 296 Protein Nutrition and Mineral Absorption, PA Wapnir, 175 multiple-frequency, extracellular and total body water, 26 Breast-feeding, energy requirements during, 526 validity, in measuring changes in lean body mass during weight re- Breath tests. See Hydrogen breath test; Methane breath test duction, 970 Burns Bioelectrical reactance, extracellular water in low-birth-weight infants in children, energy requirements and, 35 and, 296 proline metabolism in, 408 Bioelectrical resistance, total body water in low-birth-weight infants and, +-Butyrobetaine hydroxylase, ascorbic acid and, 1147S Biological variation, iron status indices, 729 Biomarkers, application to studies of cancer prevention in gastrointestinal Caffeine, dietary, osteoporotic fractures and, 157 tract, 188S Calcitonin, vascular actions, 220S Birth weight, predictors of, 657 Calcitonin gene-related peptide, vascular actions, 220S Blood pressure Calcium dietary calcium and, 215S application for 90s: introduction, objectives, and acknowledgements, meat consumption and, 930 1778 n-3 PUFA-enriched eggs and, 689 balance Body composition low-phytate barley fiber and, 553 body-water compartments, multiple-frequency bioelectrical impedance skeletal modeling and consolidation of bone mass and, 245S analysis, 26 deficiency, body mineral composition and (piglet), 420 changes in diet composition and, 10 dietary changes in lean body mass during weight reduction, 970 blood pressure and, 215S effects of obesity and non-insulin-dependent diabetes, 509 bone turnover and, 266S energy expenditure and, 963 colonic hyperproliferation and (rodent), 209S low-birth-weight infants, bioelectrical resistance and reactance mea- colorectal cancer morbidity and mortality and, 193S surements, 296 mammary gland cancer and (rat), 206S low-fat diet and, 304 modulating effects on colorectal cancer, 202S mineral composition, calcium and phosphorus deficiency and (piglet), NaCl-sensitive hypertension and (rat), 227S osteoporotic fractures and, 242S resting energy expenditure and, in chronic obstructive pulmonary dis- vertebral bone mineral density and ease, 983 in adolescent females, 425 very-low-calorie diet and physical training regimens and, 56 in healthy postmenopausal females, 927 Body fat in disease prevention and treatment, 179S distribution evolutionary perspective, 281S estimation from simple anthropometric measurements, 471 intestinal transport, blood pressure and, 215S magnetic resonance imaging, 623 ionized, in human milk, 69 SUBJECT INDEX in metabolic bone disease, 179S Cell proliferation nutrition research in clinical setting, 179S colonic obligatory losses diet and (rodent), 209S calcium requirements and, 261S modulating effects of calcium, 202S relation to skeletal calcium loss, 266S gastrointestinal tract, cancer and, 188S requirements Cellular immunity, energy deprivation and, 123 in children and adolescents, calcium absorption efficiency, skeletal Ceruloplasmin, ascorbic acid and, 1193S accretion, and obligatory iosses and, 261S Chemotherapy, hypovitaminosis C and, 1292S skeletal modeling and cons.»iida:ion of bone mass and, 245S Chloride, in human milk, 69 research areas, 288S Cholecalciferol, intestinal absorption, in Crohn’s disease and intestinal retention, in premature infaniz c:1 TPN, calcium glycerophosphate resection, 548 vs conventional mineral salts for, 903 Cholesterol supplementation high-density-lipoprotein (HDL), polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched bone loss and, 274S diet and, 104 human milk, manganese absorption and, 1065 low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) iron absorption and (/etter), 607 colonic fermentation and, 141 in pregnancy, hypertension and prematurity and, 237S in normotriglyceridemic subjects, dietary fish and, 334 Calcium glycerophosphate, for TPN in premature infants, 903 oat bran and, 841 Calorimetry polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched diet and, 104 energy expenditure and reported energy intake in people predisposed response to oat bran/wheat bran intake, in hypercholesterolemic to obesity, 506 men, 678 indirect meat consumption and, 930 carbohydrates with different glycemic indices, 855 plasma computerized indirect calorimeter for use in mechanically ventilated coffee and, 599 neonates, 30 fish oil +/- vitamin E and, 684 diet composition and nutrient balance, 10 low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet vs high monounsaturated fatty acid energy expenditure in burned children, 35 diet and, in non-insulin-dependent diabetes, 586 energy requirements during lactation, 526 n-3 PUFA-enriched eggs and, 689 oral supplementation in home parenteral nutrition and substrate in pediatric familial hypercholesterolemia, effect of soy protein on, utilization, 560 98 Cancer plasma retinol, 6-carotene, and a-tocopherol during adolescence ascorbic acid and, 1252S and, 884 epidemiologic evidence, 1310S serum combination ascorbic acid and vitamin B-12 therapy in Ehrlich car- polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched diet and, 104 cinoma and L1210 leukemia (mouse), 1261S response to oat bran/wheat bran intake, in hypercholesterolemic estrogen-induced, ascorbic acid in (hamster), 1256S men, 678 n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in, 438 wheat-based bakery products and, 836 Cancer prevention ascorbic acid-induced inhibition of chemical transformation in C3H/ Cholestyramine, oropharyngeal cancers and (/etter), 429 10T1/2 cells, 1236S Chondrocytes, metabolic activities, ascorbic acid and, 1209S gastrointestinal tract, biomarkers in, 188S Chromatography, high-preformance liquid (HPLC) Canola oil, dietary ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid in neutrophils, 1221S effects on serum lipids and apolipoproteins in healthy men, 104 ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid in plasma and serum, 712 platelet function, thromboxane production, and phospholipid fatty Chromium, requirement, 909 acid composition and, 351 Cigarette smoking Carbohydrate(s) breast-milk volume and, 1011 dietary intake oxidative damage and, ascorbic acid in, 1113S alcohol intake and, 49 Clinical Nutrition Research Unit, 179S glucose intolerance in elderly and, 136 Cocoa butter, dietary, effects on serum lipids and lipoproteins, 1036 glycemic index, 846 Coffee, plasma lipoprotein, cholesterol, apolipoproteins, and lipase ac- metabolic effects, in insulin-dependent diabetes, 936 tivity and, 599 metabolism Collagen in non-insulin-dependent diabetes, low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet secretion, ascorbic acid-induced, acetylcholine receptor regulation in vs high monounsaturated fatty acid diet and, 586 muscle cell cultures and (rat), 1184S propionate and, 860 synthesis preexercise feeding, performance and, 866 ascorbic acid and, 1141S, 1144S Carbon dioxide production, in mechanically ventilated neonates, com- in scurvy, insulin-like growth factors and, 1135S puterized indirect calorimetry, 30 type X, ascorbic acid and, 1209S Carcinogenesis Collagen gene, expression, ascorbic acid and, 1141S ascorbic acid-induced inhibition of chemical transformation in C3H/ Colon 10T1/2 cells, 1236S cancer. See Colorectal cancer Rous sarcoma virus replication and oncogenic transformation of cell fermentation, serum lipids and, 141 culture, ascorbate and, 1247S hyperproliferation, diet and (rodent), 209S Cardiovascular disease, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in, 438 Colony-forming assay, L-ascorbic acid-modulated growth of human leu- Carnitine kemic, preleukemic, and myeloma progenitor cells, 1241S biosynthesis, ascorbic acid and, 1147S Colorectal cancer dietary, effects on carnitine concentrations in urine and milk in lac- calcium and vitamin D in, 193S tating females, 814 modulating effects of calcium, 202S 8-Carotene risk, phytate and (/etter), 762 effects on serum lipoproteins and immunologic indices (/etter), 609 Colostrum, human, essential fatty acid composition, adipose tissue com- lymphocyte subpopulations in elderly and (/etter), 432 position vs, 829 plasma, in adolescence, 884 Compartmental analysis, selenium utilization, 917 plasma response, in Guatemalan shoolchildren, 539 Complement system, Clq activity, ascorbic acid status and (guinea pig), Cartilage cells, metabolic activities, ascorbic acid and, 1209S 1228S Vili SUBJECT INDEX Computed tomography (CT scan), effects of obesity and non-insulin- low-fat dependent diabetes on skeletal muscle, 509 body weight and body composition and, 3043 Computers, nutrient-calculation software, evaluation of nutrient database, weight loss and, 821 7 low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet vs high monounsaturated fatty acid Copper diet, in non-insulin-dependent diabetes, carbohydrate and lipid ascorbic acid prooxidant activity and, 1125S metabolism and, 586 metabolism low-glycemic index, 846 ascorbic acid and, 1193S mammary gland cancer and (rat), 206S vitamin B-6 deficiency and, 1059 oleate-rich, susceptibility of LDL to oxidative modification and, 701 plasma, in rheumatoid arthritis, diet and, 1082 osteoporosis and, assessment methods in, 182S Cord blood, phospholipid essential fatty acid status, in cystic fibrosis, plasma zinc and copper concentrations in rheumatoid arthritis and, 1029 1082 Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA study), sexual maturation in pubertal girls and, 805 meat consumption and its associations with other diet and supplementation, work performance and (/etter), 608 health factors, 930 traditional Japanese, urinary excretion of lignans and isoflavonoid Coronary heart disease, risk factors phytoestrogens and, 1093 dietary changes and, in Crete, 591 trans fatty acid availability in US diet, 363 fish oil ingestion and (/etter), 610 urinary hormonal concentration and spinal bone densities of lipid responses to oat bran/wheat bran intake, in hypercholesterolemic premenopausal vegetarian and nonvegetarian females and, men, 678 1005 very-low-calorie n-3 fatty acids and, 118 body composition and resting metabolic rate and, 56 Cortisol, plasma, fish oil +/- vitamin E and, 684 body fat distribution and, magnetic resonance imaging, 623 Cysteine, supplementation, in TPN, acid-base homeostasis in neonate changes in lean body mass and, 970 and, 565 very-low-energy, changes in circulating leukocytes and mitogen re- Cystic fibrosis, essential fatty acid status and fluidity of plasma phos- sponses and, 123 pholipids in, 1029 Dietary intake Cytochrome b561 meat consumption and its association with other diet and health factors ascorbic acid and, 1173S in young adults, 930 proton-electron transfer with ascorbic acid, 1179S plasma retinol, 6-carotene, and a-tocopherol during adolescence and, 884 Dairy products, strain of lactic acid bacteria in, effect on in vivo lactose relation to serum nutritional indicators in elderly population, 478 digestion, 1041 Diet assessment Dehydroascorbic acid nutrient-calculation software, evaluation of nutrient database, 7 in foods, sample variability, 1323S reproducibility and validity of methods, 182S in neutrophils, 1221S Diethylstilbestrol, renal tumors and, ascorbic acid in (hamster), 1256S plasma, 712, 1315S Dieting, cyclical, energy expenditure and, 41 serum, 712, 1315S Diet record Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S), plasma, fish oil +/- vitamin dietary intake and biochemical indices of nutritional status in elderly, E and, 684 478 Dental disorders, ascorbic acid and (animals), 1214S energy intake derived from, relation to objective determinations o° Deuterium dilution technique, smoking and breast-milk volume, 1011 intake that maintains weight, 291 Diabetes mellitus Digestion body fat distribution in, magnetic resonance imaging, 623 bovine milk proteins, in short bowel, 534 insulin-dependent, metabolic effects of high-carbohydrate, high-fiber lactose, strain of lactic acid bacteria in fermented milks and, 1041 diets, 936 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol, vascular actions, 220S low-glycemic index diet in, 846 Docosahexaenoic acid. See also Fatty acids, n-3 polyunsaturated non-insulin-dependent erythrocyte membrane, fish/fish oil diet and, 668 effect on skeletal muscle mass, 509 in health and disease, 438 in elderly, carbohydrate intake and body mass index and, 136 Dopamine {-hydroxylase, ascorbic acid and, 1163S low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet vs high monounsaturated fatty acid Doubly labeled water method diet in, 586 components of energy balance in well-nourished lactating women, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in, 438 788 Diarrhea energy requirements of young adult male, 499 acute/persistent, infant-feeding practices and, 745 Education, medical nutrition education, 618 vitamin A supplementation and, in children in southern India, 568 residency training, 957 Diet Eggs, n-3 PUFA-enriched, blood pressure and plasma and lipoprotein age at menarche and, 649 lipid concentrations, 689 alcohol intake and, 49 Eicosanoids, biosynthesis, dietary n-3 fatty acids and, 111 betaine supplementation, effect on methionine transmethylation and Eicosapentaenoic acid. See also Fatty acids, n-3 polyunsaturated homocysteine remethylation in adult males, 386 erythrocyte membrane, fish/fish oil diet and, 668 changes in, coronary-heart-disease risk-factor status in Crete and, in health and disease, 438 591 Electron transfer, transmembrane, cytochrome b561 and ascorbic acid colonic hyperproliferation and (rodent), 209S and, 1173S composition, weight loss and, 821 Endothelium-derived relaxing factor, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and, experimental, bed rest and, protein turnover in (/etier), 607 438 fatty acid composition of subcutaneous adipose tissue and, 340 Energy deficit, chronic alcohol consumption and, 976 fish in. See Fish diet; Fish oil Energy expenditure high-carbohydrate, high-fiber, metabolic effects for insulin-dependent body composition and, 963 diabetics, 936 diet composition and, 10 iron bioavailability, iron requirements in menstruating females and, exercise and, in cyclical dieting females, 41 1047 lactation and, 526 in iron nutrition, species differences, 723 in mechanically ventilated neonates, computerized indirect calorim- lipid-lowering, in patients taking pravastatin, 696 etry, 30 SUBJECT INDEX ix reported energy intake and, in people predisposed to obesity, 506 n-6 polyunsaturated, in health and disease, 438 resting phospholipid, essential fatty acid status in preterm neonates and, 93 in burned children, 35 in platelet phospholipids, diet and, 351 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 983 polyunsaturated, dietary, serum cholesterol and apolipoprotein con- in cyclical dieting females, 41 centrations and, 104 dietary potassium and, 628 saturated, platelet aggregation and, 359 in HIV infection, asymptomatic, 311 subcutaneous adipose tissue distribution, diet and, 340 total, in lactation, 788 trans, availability in US diet, 363 Energy intake Feces derived from diet records, relation to objective determinations of intake calcium loss that maintains weight, 291 calcium requirements and, 261S intraindividual variation, 464 relation to skeletal calcium loss, 266S in lactation, 788 mutagens, elimination of, dietary ascorbic acid and, 1302S reported by people predisposed to obesity, validity of, 506 Fermentation, colonic, serum lipids and, 141 urine osmolality and, 774 Ferritin weight loss and, 821 degradation, ascorbic acid and, 1188S Energy metabolism plasma, biological variation, 729 cartilage cells, ascorbic acid and, 1209S serum, in identifying nonanemic iron deficiency, 1071 in HIV infection, asymptomatic, 311 riber, dietary in young adult males, 499 colonic fermentation, LDL cholesterol and, 141 Energy requirements glycemic response and, 414 in burned children, 35 lipid responses to, in hypercholesterolemic men, 678 lactation and, 526 low-phytate barley fiber, effect on calcium, magnesium, zinc and iron Epidemiologic studies, ascorbic acid and cancer, 1310S balances, 553 Erythorbic acid, dietary, plasma vitamin C analysis and, 1319S metabolic effects, in insulin-dependent diabetes, 936 Erythrocyte(s) physical/hormonal sexual maturation in pubertal girls and, 805 fatty acid composition, fish/fish oil diet and, 668 serum estrogens and, 520 Na‘, K*-ATPase activity, in nutritional dwarfing, 997 soluble, in wheat-based bakery products, hypocholesterolemic effects, Estradiol, renal tumors and, ascorbic acid in (hamster), 1256S 836 Estrogen(s) study-design dilemmas, 615 renal tumors and, ascorbic acid in (hamster), 1256S Fibroblast(s), human skin, ascorbic acid transport and accumulation in, serum levels, dietary fiber and, 520 Ethanol. See Alcohol Fish diet Ethical issues, responsible scientific conduct, ! apolipoprotein B levels and, in normotriglyceridemic subjects, 334 Exercise erythrocyte membrane fatty acid composition and, 668 body composition and resting metabolic rate and, 56 LDL cholesterol levels and, in normotriglyceridemic subjects, 334 energy expenditure and, in cyclical dieting females, 41 platelet function, hemostasis, and thromboxane production and, 326 performance, preexercise carbohydrate feeding and, 866 Fish oil. See also Fatty acids, n-3 polyunsaturated Eye, ascorbic acid in, 1198S dietary cardiovascular risk factors and (letter), 610 Fat eicosanoid biosynthesis from arachidonic acid and, 111 dietary erythrocyte membrane fatty acid composition and, 668 colonic hyperproliferation and (rodent), 209S in sickle cell disease, 736 energy utilization from, chronic alcohol consumption and, 976 tumor growth and (letter), 606 weight loss and, 821 vitamin E plus, effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, 684 taste preference for, in obesity, environmental and familial factors, Fluoxetine, weight loss in obesity and, 321 635 Food, vitamin C content, sample variability, 1323S Fat-free mass, energy expenditure and, 963 Food and Drug Administration, aluminum content of parenteral solu- Fat mass, energy expenditure and, 963 tions (/etter), 951 Fatty acids Food intake dietary aging and, 988 platelet function, thromboxane production, and phospholipid fatty behavior, intraindividual variation, 464 acid composition and, 351 Food preferences, of children, genetic sensitivity to bitter taste of 6-n- relation to fatty acid composition of subcutaneous adipose tissue, propylthiouracil and, 316 340 Food selection, sensory-specific satiety in, aging and, 988 essential. See also Fatty acids, n-3 polyunsaturated Food service fats and oils, trans fatty acids in, 363 deficiency, in premature infants, intravenous lipids for, 1024 Formula feeding, in preterm infants, effect on essential fatty acid status, in human colostrum triglycerides, adipose tissue composition vs, 93 829 Fourth Conference for Federally Supported Human Nutrition Research of plasma phospholipids, in cystic fibrosis infants, 1029 Units and Centers, 164 status of preterm infants, early formula feeding vs fat-free parenteral Fracture(s), osteoporotic nutrition and, 93 caffeine and alcohol intake and, 157 n-3:n-6 ratio, eicosanoid biosynthesis from arachidonic acid and, 111 calcium intake and, 242S n-3 polyunsaturated cardiovascular risk factors and, 118 in dietary fiber studies, 615 Gastrointestinal tract, cancer prevention, biomarkers in, 188S eggs enriched in, blood pressure and plasma and lipoprotein lipid Genetics concentrations, 689 children’s food preferences and genetic sensitivity to bitter taste of 6- eicosanoid biosynthesis from arachidonic acid and, 111 n-propylthiouracil, 316 ’ in health, disease, growth and development, 438 gulonolactone oxidase deficiency, 1203S malondialdehyde and (/etter), 429 Geriatric population platelet function. hemostasis, and thromboxane production and, dietary intake and biochemical indices of nutritional status, 478 326 glucose intolerance in, carbohydrate intake and body mass index and, suppression of blastogenesis in mitogen-stimulated T celis, 896 136 vitamin E plus, effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, 684 lymphocyte subpopulations in, 6-carotene and (letter), 432 x SUBJECT INDEX vitamin A supplementation, plasma retinol, retinyl esters, and liver Hypolactasia, in African patients, milk tolerance in, 130 enzyme activities and, 878 Hypothalamus, in NaCl-sensitive hypertension, dietary calcium and (rat), Glucagon, plasma, fish oil +/- vitamin E and, 684 2278 Glucose Immune function ascorbic acid transport in neutrophils and, 1221S 8-carotene and (letter), 609 in human milk, 69 vitamin C deficiency and, 1302S plasma, fish oil +/- vitamin E and, 684 Immunity, protein quality and, 123 protein metabolism kinetics and, in infants undergoing parenteral Immunocompetence, oxidative defense and, in vitamin C deficiency, feeding, 370 1302S Glucose intolerance, in elderly, carbohydrate intake and body mass index Immunotherapy, hypovitaminosis C and, 1292S and, 136 Industrial fats and oils, trans fatty acids in, 363 Glucose tolerance test, impaired infant(s) chromium supplementation and, 909 calcium metabolism and requirements, 245S in elderly, carbohydrate intake and body mass index and, 136 cystic fibrosis Glycemic index essential fatty acid status and fluidity of plasma phospholipids in, carbohydrates, comparative continuous-indirect-calorimetry study, 855 1029 dietary fiber content of foods and, 414 nutritional status and, 578 methodology and clinical implications, 846 growth rate, maternal smoking and, 1011 Glycemic response low-birth-weight dietary fiber content of foods and, 414 body composition, 296 high-amylose rice and, variations in, 871 TPN for, calcium glycerophosphate vs conventional mineral salts methodology and clinical implications, 846 in, 903 Growth and development newborn calcium metabolism and requirements during, 245S behavior, determinants of, 657 in cystic fibrosis infants, nutritional status and, 578 cysteine-supplemented TPN in, acidosis and, 565 infants of smoking mothers, 1011 mechanically ventilated, computerized indirect calorimetry in, 30 moderate blood lead levels and, in Mexican-American children, 516 parenteral nutrition, protein metabolism kinetics and energy-substrate n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in, 438 utilization, 370 short-term supplementary feeding in nutritionally at-risk Indonesian premature, essential fatty acid deficiency in, intravenous lipids for, infants, 799 1024 in stunted children, nutritional supplementation and psychosocial preterm stimulation and, 642 body mineral composition, calcium and phosphorus deficiencies vitamin A supplementation and, 568 and (piglet), 420 Growth hormone, plasma, fish oil +/- vitamin E and, 684 essential fatty acid status, early formula feeding vs fat-free parenteral Growth retardation, nutritional dwarfing, 997 nutrition, 93 Gulonolactone oxidase, deficiency, molecular basis, 1203S Infant feeding essential fatty acid status of preterm infants, early formula feeding vs Height fat-free parenteral nutrition, 93 knee-height measurement in bed-bound nursing home residents (etter), practices in Pakistan, risk of acute/persistent diarrhea and, 745 611 short-term supplementary feeding in nutritionally at-risk Indonesian low for age. See Stunting infants, 799 Hematocrit, biological variation, 729 Inflammation, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in, 438 Hematopoietic stem cells, L-ascorbic acid and, 1241S In situ kinetics, ascorbic acid regulation of norepinephrine synthesis, Hemoglobin, biological variation, 729 1157S Hemostasis, dietary fish and, 326 Insulin, plasma, fish oil +/- vitamin E and, 684 HIV infection Insulin-like growth factors, collagen synthesis in scurvy and, 1135S ascorbic acid in, 1231S Interleukin-2, immunotherapy, hypovitaminosis C and, 1292S asymptomatic, resting energy expenditure and substrate oxidation in, Intestine 311 absorption. See Absorption Homocysteine, remethylation and transsulfuration, betaine supplemen- resection. See Short bowel; Short bowel syndrome tation and, 386 Intestine, small, methotrexate-induced mucosal injury, dietary menhaden Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). See HIV infection oil in (rat), 346 Hydrogen breath test Iodine, deficiency, selenium deficiency and (/etter), 606 effectiveness of lactose-reduced milks in milk intolerance, 148 Iron milk-induced malabsorption in malnourished African patients, 130 absorption 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol calcium supplementation and (/etter), 607 intestinal absorption, in Crohn’s disease and intestinal resection, 548 low-phytate barley fiber concentrate and, 553 serum, colorectal cancer and, 193S manganese and zinc and, 152 Hydroxycobalamin, ascorbic acid plus, in Ehriich carcinoma and L1210 ascorbic acid prooxidant activity and, 1125S leukemia (mouse), 1261S balance 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase in- low-phytate barley fiber and, 553 hihbitor, pravastatin, 696 nonheme iron bioavailability and, 717 Hydroxyproline, biosynthesis, ascorbic acid and, 1228S metabolism Hyperglycemia, chromium supplementation and, 909 ascorbic acid and, 1188S Hyperlipidemia, wheat-based bakery products and, 836 vitamin B-6 deficiency and, 1059 Hypersensitivity, delayed, cutaneous, very-low-energy all-protein diet and, nonheme 123 absorption, species differences, 723 Hypertension bioavailability, 717 calcium-regulating hormones in, 220S plasma, biological variation, 729 dietary calcium and, 215S requirements, in menstruating females, 1047 n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in, 438 status . pregnancy-induced, calcium supplementation and, 237S biological variation, 729 sodium chloride-sensitive, dietary calcium in (rat), 227S of inner-city schoolchildren, 1071 Hypoalbuminemia, tryptophan and tube feeding and (/etter), 765 serum transferrin receptor in pregnancy, 1077 SUBJECT INDEX Iron deficiency peroxidation lymphocyte proliferation in, impaired protein kinase C activation and ascorbic acid and, 1113S, 1119S (mouse), 944 ascorbic acid-induced, collagen gene expression and, 1141S screening methods, 1071 plasma Isoflavonoids, urinary excretion of, traditional Japanese diet and, 1093 n-3 fatty acids and, 118 Isoleucine, dietary intake, leucine metabolism and, 402 oat bran and, 841 Isotope studies protein metabolism kinetics and, in infants undergoing parenteral betaine supplementation and methionine kinetics in adult males, 386 feeding, 370 methionine kinetics and balance at FAO/WHO/UNU intake require- serum ment in adult males, 377 colonic fermentation and, 141 postprandial changes in nonprotein nitrogen in human milk, 1017 effects of dietary fats high in stearic acid, 1036 proline metabolism in adult male burn patients, 408 meat consumption and, 930 selenomethionine metabolism, 917 Lipoprotein(s) vitamin B-6 deficiency and zinc, copper, and iron metabolism, low-density (LDL) 1059 effects of dietary fats high in stearic acid, 1036 oxidative damage, ascorbic acid and, 1113S oxidative modification, oleate-rich diet and, 701 K562 cells, lysosomal autophagy of ferritin, ascorbic acid and, 1188S plasma Kidney, tumors, estrogen-induced, ascorbic acid in (hamster), 1256S coffee and, 599 oat bran and, 841 Lactation in pediatric familial hypercholesterolemia, effect of soy protein on, dietary carnitine effects on carnitine in urine and milk, 814 98 energy balance in, 788 serum, 6-carotene and (letter), 609 energy requirements during, 526 Lipoprotein lipase, plasma levels, coffee and, 599 milk composition and secretion Liver, fatty, of malnutrition, peroxisomes in, 674 time-dependent changes through first 6 months, 69 Liver function tests, in helathy elderly population, vitamin A supple- during weaning and lactogenesis, 81 mentation and, 878 smoking during, breast-milk volume and, 1011 Lymphocyte(s) Lactobacillus acidophilus, effect on in vivo lactose digestion, 1041 proliferation, in iron deficiency, impaired proteinkinase C activation Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus, effect on in vivo lactose and (mouse), 944 digestion, 1041 subpopulations, in elderly, 8-carotene and (/etter), 432 Lactogenesis, milk volume and nutrient composition during, 81 transformation, fish oil and vitamin E and, 896 Lactose Lymphokine-activated killer cells, immunotherapy, hypovitaminosis C in human milk, 69 and, 1292S maldigestion, strain of lactic acid bacteria in fermented milks and, Lysosomes, autophagy of ferritin, ascorbic acid and, 1188S 1041 Magnesium, balance, low-phytate barley fiber and, 553 Lactose intolerance Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) effectiveness of lactose-reduced milks in, 148 fat distribution in obesity and diabetes, 623 in malnourished African patients, milk in, 130 quantitation and distribution of body adipose tissue, 18 strain of lactic acid bacteria in fermented milks and, 1041 Malabsorption Lactulose, colonic fermentation, LDL cholesterol and, 141 lactose, effectiveness of lactose-reduced milks in, 148 Lead, blood concentration, relation to stature, 516 milk-induced, in malnourished African patients, 130 Lean tissue density, obesity and non-insulin-dependent diabetes and, vitamin D, in Crohn’s disease and intestinal resection, 548 509 Malnutrition Lens of eye, proteins, ascorbic acid and, 1198S intracellular potassium and membrane potential in muscle (rat), 489 Letters, 169, 429, 606, 760, 951 milk-induced malabsorption in African patients, 130 Leucine protein-calorie, supplementary feeding and recovery from wasting in, dietary intake, valine metabolism and, 395 62 metabolism, valine and isoleucine intakes and, 402 protein-energy, fatty liver in, peroxisomes and, 674 requirements, 402 Malondialdehyde, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and (/etter), 429 Leukemia, L-ascorbic acid in, 1241S Mammary cells, tight junctions, milk composition and, 69 Leukocyte(s), peripheral blood, very-low-energy all-protein diet and, 123 Mammary gland Leukotriene(s), leukotriene B, synthesis in small intestine mucosal injury, cancer, dietary calcium and (rat), 206S dietary menhaden oil and (rat), 346 tumors Lignans, urinary excretion of, traditional Japanese diet and, 1093 human mammary tumor xenograft growth, ascorbic acid and Linoleic acid (mouse), 1274S dietary, platelet aggregation and, 359 spontaneous, ascorbic acid and (mouse), 1252S intravenous infusion, in premature infants, essential fatty acid defi- Manganese ciency and, 1024 absorption, dietary components and, 1065 serum levels, in cystic fibrosis infants, 578 iron absorption and, 152 Linolenic acid, dietary, eicosanoid biosynthesis from arachidonic acid Meal frequency, thermic effect of food and, 783 and, 111 Meal size, thermic effect of food and, 783 a-Linolenic acid Measles, morbidity in African children, vitamin A supplementation and, in health and disease, 438 890 platelet function, thromboxane production, and phospholipid fatty Meat consumption, association with other diet and health factors in acid composition and, 351 young adults, 930 Lipid(s) Melanoma, experimental transplanted, ascorbic acid therapy (mouse), chromium supplementation and, 909 1284S in C3H/10T1/2 cells, ascorbic acid and, 1236S Membrane potential, muscle, during malnutrition/refeeding (rat), 489 intravenous emulsions, platelet response to (/etter), 431 Menarche, age at, nutrient intake and, 649, 805 metabolism Menhaden oil, dietary in non-insulin-dependent diabetes, low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet effect on normal growth and development and on mucosal injury vs high monounsaturated fatty acid diet and, 586 (rat), 346 propionate and, 860 eicosanoid biosynthesis from arachidonic acid and, 111 xii SUBJECT INDEX Menstruation, iron requirements and, 1047 Nutrient(s), interactions and toxicities, 164 Mental development, short-term supplementary feeding in nutritionally Nutrient balance, diet composition and, 10 at-risk Indonesian infants and, 799 Nutrition. See also Diet Metabolic rate adequacy of, in patients taking pravastatin, 696 basal age at menarche and, 649 in lactation, 788 function and, 164 in young adult males, 499 infant. See Breast-feeding; Infant feeding resting parenteral. See Parenteral nutrition accuracy of FAO/WHO/UNU predictive equations (/etter), 613 physical/hormonal sexual maturation in pubertal girls and, 805 dietary potassium and, 628 Nutritional assessment, relation between energy intake derived from diet very-low-calorie diet and physical training regimens and, 56 records and objective determinations of intake that maintains Metastasis, melanoma, ascorbic acid treatment and (mouse), 1284S weight, 291 Methane breath test, milk-induced malabsorption in malnourished Af- Nutritional dwarfing, erythrocyte Na*, K*-ATPase activity in, 997 rican patients, 130 Nutritional status Methionine daily physical activity of handicapped students and, 1101 kinetics and balance, at FAO/WHO/UNU intake requirement in adult elderly population, biochemical indicators, dietary intake and, 478 males, 377 Nutritional supplementation. See also specific nutrients transmethylation, betaine supplementation and, 386 characteristics of vitamin and mineral supplement products in US, Microsomal ethanol oxidizing system, chronic alcohol consumption and 750 energy deficit, 976 growth of stunted children and, 642 Milk recovery from wasting in preschool children and, 62 human. See also Breast-feeding; Lactation short-term supplementary feeding in nutritionally at-risk Indonesian calcium supplementation, manganese absorption and, 1065 infants, 799 carnitine concentration, dietary carnitine and, 814 composition Oat bran time-dependent changes through first 6 months, 69 hypocholesterolemic effects, 841 during weaning and lactogenesis, 81 lipid responses to, in hypercholesterolemic men, 678 nonprotein nitrogen in, postprandial changes, 1017 Obesity output, in well-nourished lactating women, 788 age at menarche and, 649 pteroylglutamates in (/etter), 760 alcohol intake and, 49 secretion body fat distribution in, magnetic resonance imaging, 623 time-dependent changes through first 6 months, 69 effect on skeletal muscle mass, 509 during weaning and lactogenesis, 81 volume estimation of deep abdominal adipose tissue accumulation, 471 glucose intolerance in elderly and, 136 smoking and, 1011 low-fat diet in, 821 during weaning and lactogenesis, 81 reference data intolerance, lactose-reduced milks in, 148 letter, 953 lactose-reduced, in lactose malabsorption, 148 85th and 95th percentiles of body mass index, 773 tolerance to, in malnourished African patients, 130 Milk proteins, bovine, digestion, in short bowel, 534 taste preferences in, environmental and familial factors, 635 Mineral(s) validity of self-reported energy intake in people predisposed to, 506 very-low-calorie diet in, changes in lean body mass during, 970 deficiency, body mineral composition and (piglet), 420 very-low-energy diet in, effects on circulating leukocytes and mitogen in human milk, 69 responses, 123 supplements, potency of, 750 weight loss in, fluoxetine and, 321 Mitogen response, very-low-energy all-protein diet and, 123 Molecular biology, gulonolactone oxidase deficiency, 1203S 2-O-Octadecylascorbic acid, adriamycin toxicity and (animals), 1298S Oleic acid, dietary, platelet aggregation and, 359 Motor development, short-term supplementary feeding in nutritionally at-risk Indonesian infants and, 799 Olfactory function, age and, effects on food intake/selection, 988 Oral cavity, flora, ascorbic acid and (animals), 1214S Mucosa, small intestine, growth and development, dietary menhaden Oropharyngeal cancer, cholestyramine and (/etter), 429 oil and (rat), 346 Osteoporosis, 425 Muscle. See Skeletal muscle; Smooth muscle bone mass and, 245S Mutagens, fecal, elimination of, dietary ascorbic acid and, 1302S Myelodysplastic syndromes, L-ascorbic acid in, 1241S calcium supplementation and bone loss, 274S diet and, assessment methods in, 182S evolutionary perspective, 281S NaCl. See Sodium chloride fractures in NADH, in C3H/10T1/2 cells, ascorbic acid and, 1236S caffeine and alcohol intake and, 157 Neuroendocrine peptides, biosynthesis, ascorbic acid and, 1153S calcium intake and, 242S Neurotransmitters, synthesis, ascorbic acid and, 1163S Oxidation Neutrophil(s) carbohydrate, exercise performance and, 866 activation, oxidative damage and, ascorbic acid in, 1113S leucine, valine intake and, 402 ascorbic acid in, 1221S metal-catalyzed, ascorbic acid and, 1125S bactericidal activity, ascorbic acid and (animals), 1214S methionine Nitrogen, nonprotein, in human milk, postprandial changes, 1017 betaine supplementation and, 386 Nitrogen balance at FAO/WHO/UNU intake requirements in adult males, 377 in measuring changes in lean body mass during weight reduction, 970 mixed-function systems, 1125S TPN and, in bone-marrow transplant recipient, 1087 proteins, ascorbic acid and, 1125S Nomograms, for determining body mass index, error in, 435 valine, leucine intake and, 395 Norepinephrine Oxidative damage, vitamin C deficiency and, 1302S synthesis, ascorbic acid and, 1157S Oxygen consumption, in mechanically ventilated neonates, computerized turnover in hypothalamus, sodium chloride-induced, dietary calcium indirect calorimetry, 30 and (rat), 227S Oxygen free radicals Normotriglyceridemia, dietary fish and serum LDL cholesterol and apo- ascorbic acid as scavenger of, 1119S lipoprotein B, 334 ascorbic acid-promoted generation of, 1125S Nucleotide sequence, gulonolactone oxidase, 1203S vitamin C deficiency and, 1302S SUBJECT INDEX Parathyroid hormone, vascular actions, 220S Potassium Parathyroid hypertensive factor, vascular actions, 220S dietary Parenteral nutrition energy expenditure and, 628 aluminum content of solutions (/etter), 612, 951 urine osmolality and, 774 home, oral intake plus, substrate utilization in, 560 in human milk, 69 in infants, protein metabolism kinetics and energy-substrate utilization, intracellular, in muscle, during malnutrition/refeeding (rat), 489 370 serum, TPN and, in bone-marrow transplant recipient, 1087 total (TPN) Pravastatin, diet and, 696 in bone-marrow transplant recipient, 1087 Pregnancy in neonates, cysteine supplementation and acidosis, 565 hypertension in, calcium supplementation and, 237S in premature infant, calcium glycerophosphate vs conventional outcome, newborn behavior and, determinants of, 657 mineral salts in, 903 smoking during, breast-milk volume and, 1011 tryptophan content of Isocal (/etter), 763 Prematurity, incidence, calcium supplementation during pregnancy and, tryptophan content of TwoCal HN (/etter), 767 237S Proline, metabolism, in adult male burn patients, 408 Pediatric patient Propionate, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and, 860 burns in, energy requirements and, 35 6-n-Propylthiouracil, genetic sensitivity to bitter taste of, children’s food calcium absorption efficiency and requirements, 261S preferences and, 316 calcium metabolism and requirements, 245S Prostaglandin(s) familial hypercholesterolemia, effect of soy protein on plasma lipo- n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and, 438 proteins in, 98 PGE, synthesis in small intestine mucosal injury, dietary menhaden food preferences and genetic sensitivity to bitter taste of 6-n-propyl- oil and (rat), 346 thiouracil, 316 Protein(s) measles morbidity ir: African children, vitamin A supplementation dietary intake, urine osmolality and, 774 and, 890 lens of eye, ascorbic acid and, 1198S obesity, taste preferences in, environmental and familial factors, 635 metabolism, in infants undergoing parenteral feeding, effect of glucose plasma response to 6-carotene, 539 and fat on, 370 stature and moderate blood lead levels, 516 milk, bovine, digestion in short bowel, 534 stunting, nutritional supplementation and psychosocial stimulation oxidation, ascorbic acid and, 1125S in, 642 quality, immune function and, 123 supplementary feeding and recovery from wasting in preschool chil- turnover, experimental diet and bed rest and (/etter), 607 dren, 62 Protein kinase C, activation, iron deficiency and (mouse), 944 vitamin A status, serum vitamin A distribution curve and, 707 Proteoglycans, synthesis, in scurvy, insulin-like growth factors and, 1135S vitamin A supplementation, effects on diarrhea, respiratory infections Proton-electron transfer, ascorbic acid and cytochrome b561, 1179S and growth in children, 568 Pseudogene, gulonolactone oxidase, 1203S Peptidylglycine a-amidating monooxygenase, ascorbic acid and, 1153S, Psoriasis, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in, 438 1163S Psychosocial stimulation, growth of stunted children and, 642 Peroxisomes, fatty liver of malnutrition and, 674 Pteroylglutamates, in human milk (/etter), 760 pH, of human milk, 69 Puberty, dietary habits, sexual maturation. and plasma hormones in Pharmacokinetics, selenomethionine metabolism, 917 girls, 805 Phosphate Pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive (COPD), resting energy expen- dietary diture in, 983 colonic hyperproliferation and (rodent), 209S mammary gland cancer and (rat), 206S Questionnaire(s), fatty acid intake, relation to fatty acid composition of inorganic, in human milk, 69 subcutaneous adipose tissue, 340 Phospholipids fatty acids in, essential fatty acid status in preterm neonates and, 93 Radiation therapy, effects on bone marrow, skin, and tumor, ascorbic membrane fluidity, in cystic fibrosis, 1029 acid and (mouse), 1281S plasma, essential fatty acid status and fluidity, in cystic fibrosis infants, Radioiron absorption study 1029 nonheme iron absorption, species difference, 723 Phosphorus nonheme iron bioavailability, 717 deficiency, body mineral composition and (piglet), 420 Refeeding, intracellular potassium and membrane potential in muscle retention, in premature infants on TPN, calcium glycerophosphate (rat), 489 vs conventional mineral salts for, 903 Research Physical activity calcium, 288S daily, of handicapped students, nutritional status and, 1101 nutrition research in clinical setting, 179S meat consumption and, 930 report on Fourth Conference for Federally Supported Human Nutri- tion Research Units and Centers, 164 Phytate, colorectal cancer and (/etter), 762 Respiratory distress syndrome, intravenous lipid infusions and, in pre- Plasminogen-activator inhibitor, activity of, n-3 fatty acids and, 118 mature infant, 1024 Platelet(s) Respiratory infection, vitamin A supplementation and, in children in aggregation southern India, 568 dietary fatty acids and, 351 Retinol dietary fish and, 326 plasma n-3 fatty acids and, 118 in adolescence, 884 replacement of dietary linoleic acid with oleic acid and, 359 in healthy elderly population, vitamin A supplementation and, 878 fatty acid profile, dietary fish and, 326 plasma response to 6-carotene, in Guatemalan schoolchildren, 539 function, dietary fish and, 326 Retinol-binding protein, plasma, in adolescence, 884 phospholipid fatty acids, diet and, 351 Retinyl esters, plasma, in healthy elderly population, vitamin A supple- response to intravenous lipid emulsions (/etter), 431 mentation and, 878 Platelet-derived growth factor, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and, 438 Rheumatoid arthritis, plasma zinc and copper concentrations in, diet Polyenoics, long-chain, plasma, essential fatty acid status in preterm ne- and, 1082 onate and, 93 Rice, high-amylose, variations in starch digestibility and glycemic re- Population studies, alcohol intake in relation to diet and obesity, 49 sponse, 871 XiV SUBJECT INDEX Rous sarcoma virus, replication and oncogenic transformation of cell Substrate oxidation culture, ascorbate and, 1247S diet composition and, 10 in HIV infection, asymptomatic, 31! Safflower oil, dietary oral supplementation in home parenteral nutrition and, 560 effects on normal growth and development in small intestine mucosa Sucrose, dietary intake, alcohol intake and, 49 (rat), 346 Sugar, taste preference for, in obesity, environmental and familial factors, effects on serum lipids and apolipoproteins in healthy men, 104 635 platelet function, thromboxane production, and phospholipid fatty Superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc, ascorbic acid and, 1193S acid composition and, 351 Sweat, calcium loss, calcium requirements and, 261S Salt. See Sodium chloride Saponins, in dietary fiber studies, 615 T cells, mitogen-stimulated, fish-oil-induced suppression of blastogenesis Satiety in, vitamin E and, 896 sensory-specific, aging and, 988 Tanner Sexual Maturity Rating, variation in vertebral bone mineral Scurvy, collagen synthesis in, insulin-like growth factors and, 1135S density in adolescent females and, 425 Selenium Taste sensitivity deficiency, iodine deficiency and (letter), 606 age and, effects on food intake/selection, 988 pharmacokinetics, 917 bitter taste, genetic sensitivity to, food preferences of children and, Sex hormones 316 plasma, in pubertal girls, diet and, 805 Thermic effect of food, effects of meal size and frequency, 783 urinary, in premenopausal vegetarian and nonvegetarian females, 1005 Thromboxane, platelet production Sexual maturation, in pubertal girls, diet and, 805 dietary fatty acids and, 351 Short bowel, digestion of milk proteins in, 534 dietary fish and, 326 Short bowel syndrome, chclecalciferol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol Tight junctions, mammary cells, milk composition and, 69 absorption in, 548 a-Tocopherol. See also Vitamin E Sickle cell disease, nutritional supplementation in, 736 use of term without clarification (/etter), 760 Skeletal muscle Tocotrienols, in high-fiber plant foods, 615 acetylcholine receptor regulation in vitro, ascorbic acid-induced col- Transferrin receptor, serum, in iron deficiency detection in pregnancy, lagen secretion and (rat), 1184S 1077 in malnutrition/refeeding, intraceilular potassium and membrane po- Triacylglycerol, plasma, fish oil +/- vitamin E and, 684 tential in (rat), 489 Triglycerides mass, obesity and non-insulin-dependent diabetes and, 509 plasma levels Skin low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet vs high monounsaturated fatty acid calcium loss, relation to skeletal calcium loss, 266S diet and, in non-insulin-dependent diabetes, 586 radiation effects, ascorbic acid and (mouse), 1281S n-3 PUFA-enriched eggs and, 689 Skinfold thickness, estimation of deep abdominal adipose tissue accu- plasma retinol, 6-carotene, and a-tocopherol during adolescence mulation, 471 and, 884 Skin tumors se _., wheat-based bakery products and, 836 phorbol ester-induced, ascorbic acid and ascorby! palmitate effects in e-N-1 mmethyllysine hydroxylase, ascorbic acid and, 1147S (mouse), 1266S Tryptophan UV-light-induced, ascorbic acid and (mouse), 1252S content in Isocal (/etter), 763 Smooth muscle, vascular, actions of calcium-regulating hormones in content in TwoCal HN (/etter), 767 hypertension, 220S tube feeding and hypoalbuminemia (/efter), 765 Sodium Tube feeding dietary intake, urine osmolality and, 774 Isocal preparation, tryptophan content (/etter), 763 in human milk, 69 tryptophan and hypoalbuminemia (/effer), 765 serum, TPN and, in bone-marrow transplant recipient, 1087 tryptophan content of TwoCal HN (letter), 767 Sodium chloride, hypertension and, dietary calcium in (rat), 227S Tumor(s) Somatomedin C, plasma, fish oil +/- vitamin E and, 684 growth, fish oil feeding and (/etter), 606 Soybean oil, in sickle cell disease, 736 malignant. See Cancer; specific organs Soy protein, effect on plasma lipoproteins, in pediatric familial hyper- mammary gland, spontaneous, ascorbic acid and (mouse), 1252S cholesterolemia, 98 radiation therapy, ascorbic acid and (mouse), 1281S Spine. See Vertebra(ae) renal, estrogen-induced, ascorbic acid in (hamster), 1256S Starch skin. See Skin tumors digestibility, of high-amylose rice, variations in, 871 resistant, in dietary fiber studies, 615 Ulcerative colitis, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in, 438 Stature Urate, serum, as antioxidant for ascorbic acid, 1129S knee-height measurement in bed-bound nursing home residents (/etter), Urea nitrogen, in human milk, postprandial changes, 1017 611 Urine moderate blood lead levels and, in Mexican-American children, 516 calcium loss Stearic acid, in dietary fats, effects on serum lipids and lipoproteins, 1036 calcium requirements and, 261S Steatorrhea, vitamin D absorption in Crohn’s disease and intestinal re- relation to skeletal calcium loss, 266S section and, 548 carnitine concentration, in lactating females, dietary carnitine and, Sterols, plant, 615 Strength, in obese females, very-low-calorie diet and physical training osmolality, dietary nutrient intake and, 774 regimens and, 56 sex hormone concentrations, in premenopausal vegetarian and non- Streptococcus salivarius subsp thermophilus, effect on in vivo lactose vegetarian females, 1005 digestion, 1041 Study design Valine dilemmas in dietary fiber studies, 615 dietary intake, leucine metabolism and, 402 persistent changes in erythrocyte membrane fatty acid composition metabolism, leucine intake and, 395 after n-3 PUFA intake, 668 requirements, 395 Stunting, nutritional supplementation and psychosocial stimulation in, Vegetarianism 642 association with other diet and health factors in young adults, 930 Subrenal capsule assay, ascorbic acid and human mammary tumor xe- urinary hormonal concentration and spinal bone densities of pre- nograft growth (mouse), 1274S menopausal females, 1005