The American Civil War

680 Pages·2005·14.654 MB·English

by  Ethan S. Rafuse (editor)

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ISBN 978-0-8153-9744-1
www.routledge.com aninformabusiness
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9780754625148_cover.indd 1 10/15/2017 8:43:51 PM
The American Civil War
The International Library of Essays on Military History
Series Editor: Jeremy Black
Titles in the Series:
Warfare in Europe 1650-1792 Warfare in China to 1600
Jeremy Black Peter Lorge
Warfare in the Middle East since 1945 World War I
Ahron Bregman Michael Neiberg
The English Civil War
The Army of Imperial Rome
Stanley Carpenter
Michael F. Pavkovic
Warfare in Latin America
Miguel A. Centeno The Army of the Roman Republic
Michael F. Pavkovic
United States Military History 1865 to the
Present Day Warfare in South Asia from 1500
Jeffrey Charlston Douglas Peers
Medieval Warfare 1300-1450
The American Civil War
Kelly DeVries
Ethan S. Rafuse
Medieval Warfare 1000-1300
John France The British Army 1815-1914
Harold E. Raugh, Jr
Warfare in the Dark Ages
John France and Kelly DeVries The Russian Imperial Army 1796-1917
Roger Reese
Naval History 1500-1680
Jan Glete
Medieval Ships and Warfare
Susan Rose
Byzantine Warfare
JohnHaldon
Warfare in Europe 1792-1815
Warfare in Early Modern Europe 1450-1660 Frederick C. Schneid
Paul Hammer
The Second World War
Naval Warfare 1680-1850 Nick Smart
Richard Harding
Warfare in China Since 1600
Warfare in Europe 1919-1938
Kenneth Swope
Geoffrey Jensen
Warfare in the USA 1775-1861
Warfare in Japan
Samuel Watson
Harald Kleinschmidt
Naval History 1850-Present The Vietnam War
Andrew Lambert James H. Willbanks
African Military History Warfare in Europe 1815-1914
John Lamphear Peter H. Wilson
The American Civil War
Edited hy
Ethan S. Rafuse
US Army Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth,
Kansas, USA
First published 2005 by Ashgate Publishing
Reissued 2018 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
©Ethan S. Rafuse 2005. For copyright of individual articles please refer to the Acknowledgements.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in
any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter
invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or
retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
A Library of Congress record exists under LC control number: 2005041033
Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used
only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Publisher’s Note
The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points
out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent.
Disclaimer
The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and welcomes
correspondence from those they have been unable to contact.
ISBN 13: 978-0-815-39744-1 (hbk)
ISBN 13: 978-1-351-14780-4 (ebk)
Contents
Acknowledgements ix
Series Preface xi
Introduction xiii
PART I THE COMMANDERS IN CHIEF
Herman Hattaway and Archer Jones (1980), 'Lincoln as Military Strategist',
Civil War History, 26, pp. 293-303. 3
2 Ludwell H. Johnson (1981), 'Jefferson Davis and Abraham Lincoln as War
Presidents: Nothing Succeeds Like Success', Civil War History, 27, pp. 49-63. 15
3 Grady McWhiney (1975), 'Jefferson Davis and the Art of War', Civil War
History, 21, pp. 101-12. 31
PART II THE SOLDIERS
4 Charles E. Brooks (2001), 'The Social and Cultural Dynamics of Soldiering in
Hood's Texas Brigade', Journal of Southern History, 67, pp. 535-72. 45
5 Samuel J. Watson (1994), 'Religion and Combat Motivation in the Confederate
Armies', Journal of Military History, 58, pp. 29-55. 83
6 Mark A. Weitz (1998), 'Drill, Training, and the Combat Performance of the Civil
War Soldier: Dispelling the Myth of the Poor Soldier, Great Fighter', Journal of
Military History, 62, pp. 263-89. Ill
PART III TOTAL WAR
7 Mark Grimsley (1993), 'Conciliation and Its Failure, 1861-1862', Civil War
History, 39, pp. 317-35. 141
8 Lance Janda (1995), 'Shutting the Gates of Mercy: The American Origins of Total
War, 1860-1880' ,Journal of Military History, 59, pp. 7-26. 161
9 Mark E. Neely, Jr (1991), 'Was the Civil War a Total War?', Civil War History,
37, pp. 5-28. 181
10 Daniel E. Sutherland (1992), 'Abraham Lincoln, John Pope, and the Origins of
Total War', Journal of Military History, 56, pp. 567-86. 205
vi The American Civil War
PART IV ORGANIZATION AND INTELLIGENCE
11 Robert M. Epstein (1991), 'The Creation and Evolution of the Army Corps in the
American Civil War', Journal of Military History, 55, pp. 21--46. 227
12 Richard L. DiNardo (2002), 'Southern by the Grace of God but Prussian by
Common Sense: James Longstreet and the Exercise of Command in the U.S. Civil
War', Journal of Military History, 66, pp. 1011-32. 253
13 William B. Feis (1993), 'Neutralizing the Valley: The Role of Military Intelligence
in the Defeat of Jubal Early's Army of the Valley, 1864-1865', Civil War History,
39,pp. 199-215. 275
14 Edward Hagerman (1988), 'Field Transportation and Strategic Mobility in the
Union Armies', Civil War History, 34, pp. 143-71. 293
PARTV COMMANDERS
15 Stephen D. Engle (1998), 'Success, Failure, and the Guillotine: Don Carlos Buell
and the Campaign for the Bluegrass State', Register of the Kentucky Historical
Society, 96, pp. 315--49. 325
16 Richard M. McMurry (1989), 'Marse Robert and the Fevers: A Note on the
General as Strategist and on Medical Ideas as a Factor in Civil War Decision
Making', Civil War History, 35, pp. 197-207. 361
17 Brooks D. Simpson (1990), '"The Doom of Slavery": Ulysses S. Grant, War
Aims, and Emancipation, 1861-1863', Civil War History, 36, pp. 36-56. 373
18 Ethan S. Rafuse (2003), 'McClellan and Halleck at War: The Struggle for Control
of the Union War Effort in the West, November 1861-March 1862', Civil War
History, 49, pp. 32-51. 395
PART VI NAVAL AFFAIRS
19 Kurt Hackemer (1994), 'The Other Union Ironclad: The USS Galena and the
Critical Summer of 1862', Civil War History, 40, pp. 226--47. 417
20 David G. Surdam (2001), 'The Confederate Naval Buildup: Could More Have
Been Accomplished?', Naval War College Review, 54, pp. 107-27. 439
21 Kevin J. Weddle (2002), 'The Blockade Board of 1861 and Union Naval
Strategy', Civil War History, 48, pp. 123--42. 461
PART VII GUERRILLA WAR
22 Don R. Bowen (1977), 'Guerrilla War in Western Missouri, 1862-1865: Historical
Extensions of the Relative Deprivation Hypothesis', Comparative Studies in
Society and History, 19, pp. 30-51. 483
The American Civil War vii
23 Robert L. Kerby (1973), 'Why the Confederacy Lost', Review of Politics, 35,
pp. 326-45. 505
24 Scott J. Lucas (1999), "'Indignities, Wrongs, and Outrages": Military and
Guerrilla Incursions on Kentucky's Civil War Home Front', Filson Club History
Quarterly, 73, pp. 355-76. 525
25 Daniel E. Sutherland (2002), 'Guerrilla Warfare, Democracy, and the Fate of the
Confederacy', Journal of Southern History, 68, pp. 259-92. 547
PART VIII HISTORIOGRAPHY
26 Eric T. Dean, Jr (2001), "The Awful Shock and Rage of Battle": Rethinking the
Meaning and Consequences of Combat in the American Civil War', War in
History, 8, pp. 149-65. 583
27 Archer Jones (1970), 'Jomini and the Strategy of the American Civil War, A
Reinterpretation', Military Affairs, 34, pp. 127-31. 601
28 Joseph L. Harsh (1974), 'Battlesword and Rapier: Clausewitz, Jomini, and the
American Civil War', Military Affairs, 38, pp. 133-38. 607
29 Brian Holden Reid (1992), 'Historians and the Joint Committee on the Conduct
of the War, 1861-65', Civil War History, 38, pp. 319-41. 613
Name Index 637

Acknowledgements
The editor and publishers wish to thank the following for permission to use copyright material.
Cambridge University Press for the essay: Don R. Bowen (1977), 'Guerrilla War in Western
Missouri, 1862-1865: Historical Extensions of the Relative Deprivation Hypothesis',
Comparative Studies in Society and History, 19, pp. 30-51.
Copyright Clearance Center for the essays: Samuel J. Watson (1994), 'Religion and Combat
Motivation in the Confederate Armies', Journal of Military History, 58, pp. 29-55; Mark A.
Weitz (1998), 'Drill, Training, and the Combat Performance ofthe Civil War Soldier: Dispelling
the Myth of the Poor Soldier, Great Fighter', Journal of Military History, 62, pp. 263-89;
Lance Janda ( 1995), 'Shutting the Gates of Mercy: The American Origins of Total War, 1860-
1880', Journal ofM ilitary History, 59, pp. 7-26; Daniel E. Sutherland (1992), 'Abraham Lincoln,
John Pope, and the Origins of Total War', Journal of Military History, 56, pp. 567-86; Robert
M. Epstein (1991), 'The Creation and Evolution of the Army Corps in the American Civil
War' ,Journal ofM ilitary History, 55, pp. 21--46; Richard L. DiNardo (2002), 'Southern by the
Grace of God but Prussian by Common Sense: James Longstreet and the Exercise of Command
in the U.S. Civil War', Journal of Military History, 66, pp. 1011-32; Archer Jones (1970),
'Jomini and the Strategy of the American Civil War, A Reinterpretation', Military Affairs, 34,
pp. 127-31; Joseph L. Harsh (1974), 'Battlesword and Rapier: Clausewitz, Jomini, and the
American Civil War', Military Affairs, 38, pp. 133-38.
David G. Surdam for the essay: David G. Surdam (2001), 'The Confederate Naval Buildup:
Could More Have Been Accomplished?', Naval War College Review, 54, pp. 107-27.
Filson Club History Quarterly for the essay: Scott J. Lucas (1999), '"Indignities, Wrongs, and
Outrages": Military and Guerrilla Incursions on Kentucky's Civil War Home Front', Filson
Club History Quarterly, 73, pp. 355-76.
Hodder Arnold for the essay: Eric T. Dean, Jr (200 1) , '"The Awful Shock and Rage of Battle":
Rethinking the Meaning and Consequences of Combat in the American Civil War', War in
History, 8, pp. 149-65.
Kent State University Press for the essays: Herman Hattaway and Archer Jones ( 1980), 'Lincoln
as Military Strategist', Civil War History, 26, pp. 293-303; Ludwell H. Johnson (1981), 'Jefferson
Davis and Abraham Lincoln as War Presidents: Nothing Succeeds Like Success', Civil War
History, 27, pp. 49-63; Grady McWhiney (1975), 'Jefferson Davis and the Art of War', Civil
War History, 21, pp. 101-12; Mark Grimsley (1993), 'Conciliation andlts Failure, 1861-1862',
Civil War History, 39, pp. 317-35; Mark E. Neely, Jr (1991), 'Was the Civil War a Total War?',
Civil War History, 37, pp. 5-28; William B. Feis (1993), 'Neutralizing the Valley: The Role of