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THE AMBIGUOUS EMBRACE NEW FORUM BOOKS RobertP.George,SeriesEditor Alistoftitles intheseriesappears atthebackof thebook THE AMBIGUOUS EMBRACE GOVERNMENT AND FAITH-BASED SCHOOLS AND SOCIAL AGENCIES Charles L. Glenn WithaforewordbyPeterL.Berger PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY COPYRIGHT2000BYPRINCETONUNIVERSITYPRESS PUBLISHEDBYPRINCETONUNIVERSITYPRESS,41WILLIAMSTREET, PRINCETON,NEWJERSEY08540 INTHEUNITEDKINGDOM:PRINCETONUNIVERSITYPRESS,CHICHESTER,WESTSUSSEX ALLRIGHTSRESERVED LIBRARYOFCONGRESSCATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATIONDATA GLENN,CHARLESLESLIE,1938– THEAMBIGUOUSEMBRACE:GOVERNMENTANDFAITH-BASEDSCHOOLS ANDSOCIALAGENCIES/CHARLESL.GLENN;WITHAFOREWORD BYPETERL.BERGER. P. CM.—(NEWFORUMBOOKS) INCLUDESBIBLIOGRAPHICALREFERENCESANDINDEX. ISBN0-691-04852-5(ALK.PAPER) 1.HUMANSERVICES—CONTRACTINGOUT—UNITEDSTATES.2.HUMANSERVICES— CONTRACTINGOUT—EUROPE.3.CIVILSOCIETY—UNITEDSTATES.4.CIVILSOCIETY—EUROPE. 5.CHURCHANDSTATE—UNITEDSTATES.6.CHURCHANDSTATE—EUROPE.7.CHURCH CHARITIES—UNITEDSTATES.8.CHURCHCHARITIES—EUROPE.9.CHURCHSCHOOLS— UNITEDSTATES.10.CHURCHSCHOOLS—EUROPE.I.TITLE.II.SERIES. HV95.G54 2000 361.7′5′0973—dc21 99-035074 CIP THISBOOKHASBEENCOMPOSEDINJANSONTEXTTYPEFACE THEPAPERUSEDINTHISPUBLICATIONMEETSTHEMINIMUMREQUIREMENTS OFANSI/NISOZ39.48-1992(R1997)(PERMANENCEOFPAPER) HTTP://PUP.PRINCETON.EDU PRINTEDINTHEUNITEDSTATESOFAMERICA 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 To those in faith-based schools, social agencies, and other organizations who provide loving care, with high expectations, in the name of a loving and righteous God. This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS FOREWORDBYPETERL.BERGER xi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xiii Introduction MediatingStructures 3 SchoolChoice 5 Norm-MaintainingInstitutions 6 PuttingThemTogether 7 FocusoftheStudy 9 OutlineofThisBook 11 ONE ReachingOuttoCivilSociety 13 ChallengestotheWelfareState 13 THEINESCAPABLEWELFARESTATE 14 BureaucraticIneffectiveness 15 OversteppingtheState’sAppropriateLimits 17 GovernmentandEducation 19 THESTATE’SAPPROPRIATEROLE 21 WHATTHECIVILSOCIETYSTRATEGYISNOT 23 AdministrativeDecentralization 23 MarketStrategies 25 OrganizationalFlexibility 25 THEPROMISEDCONTRIBUTIONOFVOLUNTARYASSOCIATIONS 27 VOLUNTARYASSOCIATIONSUNDERPRESSURE 32 THERELIGIOUSFACTOR 33 DANGERSAHEAD? 37 ControllingFaith-BasedInstitutionstoDeath 39 SELF-BETRAYALONTHEPARTOFVOLUNTARYORGANIZATIONS 40 TWO StringswithoutMoney 42 TheStakesinGovernmentOversight 43 OversightofFaith-BasedSchools 46 Faith-BasedSchoolsThatResistOversight 46 TheScopeofGovernmentRegulationofNonpublicSchools 49 THEUNITEDSTATES 49 WESTERNEUROPE 56 Summary 60 viii CONTENTS INTERLUDE TeenChallenge 62 THREE HowCloseanEmbrace? 74 ThreeWaysofUnderstandingGovernment’sRelationshiptoReligion 74 OutsidetheWallofSeparation 79 Faith-BasedSocialServices:WheretheWallIsNotSoHigh 84 Schools:TheUnhappyException 86 THEDOUBLEBINDCREATEDBY“PERVASIVELYSECTARIAN”ANALYSIS 90 NEWCRACKSINTHEWALLOFSEPARATION 94 Summary 97 FOUR FundingwithGovernmentOversight 99 HowMuchOversight? 100 ModesofFunding 104 Contracting 105 CHARITABLECHOICE 107 FRANCE 110 Vouchers 112 CHILDCAREVOUCHERS 112 SCHOOLVOUCHERSINMILWAUKEE 115 THEVOUCHERDEBATE 116 GrantsandOtherSubsidies 119 GRANTSTONONPUBLICSCHOOLSINEUROPE 120 SharedSpace 123 Franchise 126 AssetSale 126 Summary 129 INTERLUDE NeocorporatisminEurope 131 TheNetherlands 136 THEIDENTITYOFDENOMINATIONALSCHOOLS 143 SUMMINGUP 150 Germany 151 DISTINCTIVENESSOFSTAFF 155 DISTINCTIVENESSOFPROGRAM 157 SUMMINGUP 161 Conclusions 163 CONTENTS ix FIVE ProfessionalNorms 165 ProfessionalNormsandGovernment 165 Semiprofessionalism 173 HowProfessionalNormsDeveloped 176 ProfessionalTraining 181 ProfessionalNormsandFaith-BasedOrganizations 186 Summary 192 SIX EmploymentDecisions 193 ATaleofTwoCities 194 LICITEMPLOYMENTDISCRIMINATIONONTHEBASISOFRELIGION 196 TheRighttoaSharedVisionofService 199 RequiredQualifications 209 Summary 211 INTERLUDE TheSalvationArmy ByEmilyNielsenJonesandCharlesL.Glenn 212 HowDidtheSalvationArmyBecomeDifferent? 215 TheSalvationArmy’sSelf-Understanding 220 ElementsoftheSalvationArmy’sPersistenceasaFaith-Based Organization 223 ThreatstotheSalvationArmy’sDistinctiveMission 225 ResistingtheLureofPopularity 234 SEVEN Loss—andRecovery—ofNerve 241 TheImportanceofMaintainingDistinctiveness 247 WhenSacredandSecularMix 251 RECOVERINGIDENTITY:THEDUTCHDEBATES 257 BeingExplicitaboutIdentity 262 Summary 265 EIGHT Recommendations 266 1.ShouldGovernmentMakeaGreaterUseofFaith-Based OrganizationstoProvideSocialServicesandEducation? 267 RESPECTFORAPLURALISTICSOCIALORDER 267 CONCERNFOREFFECTIVENESS 269 2.MaytheUnitedStatesGovernmentMakeaGreaterUseof Faith-BasedOrganizationswithoutOversteppingtheLimitsSet bytheFirstAmendment? 270

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This is a time of far-reaching change and debate in American education and social policy, spurred in part by a rediscovery that civil-society institutions are often better than government at meeting human needs. As Charles Glenn shows in this book, faith-based schools and social agencies have been p
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330 Pages·2000·0.98 MB·English
by  Peter L. Berger
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THE AMBIGUOUS EMBRACE NEW FORUM BOOKS RobertP.George,SeriesEditor Alistoftitles intheseriesappears atthebackof thebook THE AMBIGUOUS EMBRACE GOVERNMENT AND FAITH-BASED SCHOOLS AND SOCIAL AGENCIES Charles L. Glenn WithaforewordbyPeterL.Berger PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY COPYRIGHT2000BYPRINCETONUNIVERSITYPRESS PUBLISHEDBYPRINCETONUNIVERSITYPRESS,41WILLIAMSTREET, PRINCETON,NEWJERSEY08540 INTHEUNITEDKINGDOM:PRINCETONUNIVERSITYPRESS,CHICHESTER,WESTSUSSEX ALLRIGHTSRESERVED LIBRARYOFCONGRESSCATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATIONDATA GLENN,CHARLESLESLIE,1938– THEAMBIGUOUSEMBRACE:GOVERNMENTANDFAITH-BASEDSCHOOLS ANDSOCIALAGENCIES/CHARLESL.GLENN;WITHAFOREWORD BYPETERL.BERGER. P. CM.—(NEWFORUMBOOKS) INCLUDESBIBLIOGRAPHICALREFERENCESANDINDEX. ISBN0-691-04852-5(ALK.PAPER) 1.HUMANSERVICES—CONTRACTINGOUT—UNITEDSTATES.2.HUMANSERVICES— CONTRACTINGOUT—EUROPE.3.CIVILSOCIETY—UNITEDSTATES.4.CIVILSOCIETY—EUROPE. 5.CHURCHANDSTATE—UNITEDSTATES.6.CHURCHANDSTATE—EUROPE.7.CHURCH CHARITIES—UNITEDSTATES.8.CHURCHCHARITIES—EUROPE.9.CHURCHSCHOOLS— UNITEDSTATES.10.CHURCHSCHOOLS—EUROPE.I.TITLE.II.SERIES. HV95.G54 2000 361.7′5′0973—dc21 99-035074 CIP THISBOOKHASBEENCOMPOSEDINJANSONTEXTTYPEFACE THEPAPERUSEDINTHISPUBLICATIONMEETSTHEMINIMUMREQUIREMENTS OFANSI/NISOZ39.48-1992(R1997)(PERMANENCEOFPAPER) HTTP://PUP.PRINCETON.EDU PRINTEDINTHEUNITEDSTATESOFAMERICA 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 To those in faith-based schools, social agencies, and other organizations who provide loving care, with high expectations, in the name of a loving and righteous God. This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS FOREWORDBYPETERL.BERGER xi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xiii Introduction MediatingStructures 3 SchoolChoice 5 Norm-MaintainingInstitutions 6 PuttingThemTogether 7 FocusoftheStudy 9 OutlineofThisBook 11 ONE ReachingOuttoCivilSociety 13 ChallengestotheWelfareState 13 THEINESCAPABLEWELFARESTATE 14 BureaucraticIneffectiveness 15 OversteppingtheState’sAppropriateLimits 17 GovernmentandEducation 19 THESTATE’SAPPROPRIATEROLE 21 WHATTHECIVILSOCIETYSTRATEGYISNOT 23 AdministrativeDecentralization 23 MarketStrategies 25 OrganizationalFlexibility 25 THEPROMISEDCONTRIBUTIONOFVOLUNTARYASSOCIATIONS 27 VOLUNTARYASSOCIATIONSUNDERPRESSURE 32 THERELIGIOUSFACTOR 33 DANGERSAHEAD? 37 ControllingFaith-BasedInstitutionstoDeath 39 SELF-BETRAYALONTHEPARTOFVOLUNTARYORGANIZATIONS 40 TWO StringswithoutMoney 42 TheStakesinGovernmentOversight 43 OversightofFaith-BasedSchools 46 Faith-BasedSchoolsThatResistOversight 46 TheScopeofGovernmentRegulationofNonpublicSchools 49 THEUNITEDSTATES 49 WESTERNEUROPE 56 Summary 60 viii CONTENTS INTERLUDE TeenChallenge 62 THREE HowCloseanEmbrace? 74 ThreeWaysofUnderstandingGovernment’sRelationshiptoReligion 74 OutsidetheWallofSeparation 79 Faith-BasedSocialServices:WheretheWallIsNotSoHigh 84 Schools:TheUnhappyException 86 THEDOUBLEBINDCREATEDBY“PERVASIVELYSECTARIAN”ANALYSIS 90 NEWCRACKSINTHEWALLOFSEPARATION 94 Summary 97 FOUR FundingwithGovernmentOversight 99 HowMuchOversight? 100 ModesofFunding 104 Contracting 105 CHARITABLECHOICE 107 FRANCE 110 Vouchers 112 CHILDCAREVOUCHERS 112 SCHOOLVOUCHERSINMILWAUKEE 115 THEVOUCHERDEBATE 116 GrantsandOtherSubsidies 119 GRANTSTONONPUBLICSCHOOLSINEUROPE 120 SharedSpace 123 Franchise 126 AssetSale 126 Summary 129 INTERLUDE NeocorporatisminEurope 131 TheNetherlands 136 THEIDENTITYOFDENOMINATIONALSCHOOLS 143 SUMMINGUP 150 Germany 151 DISTINCTIVENESSOFSTAFF 155 DISTINCTIVENESSOFPROGRAM 157 SUMMINGUP 161 Conclusions 163 CONTENTS ix FIVE ProfessionalNorms 165 ProfessionalNormsandGovernment 165 Semiprofessionalism 173 HowProfessionalNormsDeveloped 176 ProfessionalTraining 181 ProfessionalNormsandFaith-BasedOrganizations 186 Summary 192 SIX EmploymentDecisions 193 ATaleofTwoCities 194 LICITEMPLOYMENTDISCRIMINATIONONTHEBASISOFRELIGION 196 TheRighttoaSharedVisionofService 199 RequiredQualifications 209 Summary 211 INTERLUDE TheSalvationArmy ByEmilyNielsenJonesandCharlesL.Glenn 212 HowDidtheSalvationArmyBecomeDifferent? 215 TheSalvationArmy’sSelf-Understanding 220 ElementsoftheSalvationArmy’sPersistenceasaFaith-Based Organization 223 ThreatstotheSalvationArmy’sDistinctiveMission 225 ResistingtheLureofPopularity 234 SEVEN Loss—andRecovery—ofNerve 241 TheImportanceofMaintainingDistinctiveness 247 WhenSacredandSecularMix 251 RECOVERINGIDENTITY:THEDUTCHDEBATES 257 BeingExplicitaboutIdentity 262 Summary 265 EIGHT Recommendations 266 1.ShouldGovernmentMakeaGreaterUseofFaith-Based OrganizationstoProvideSocialServicesandEducation? 267 RESPECTFORAPLURALISTICSOCIALORDER 267 CONCERNFOREFFECTIVENESS 269 2.MaytheUnitedStatesGovernmentMakeaGreaterUseof Faith-BasedOrganizationswithoutOversteppingtheLimitsSet bytheFirstAmendment? 270

Description:
This is a time of far-reaching change and debate in American education and social policy, spurred in part by a rediscovery that civil-society institutions are often better than government at meeting human needs. As Charles Glenn shows in this book, faith-based schools and social agencies have been p
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