The Algorithmic Beauty of Seaweeds, Sponges and Corals

205 Pages·2001·11.1 MB·English

by  Jaap A. Kaandorp, Janet E. Kübler (auth.)

The Virtual Laboratory
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
[aap A. Kaandorp
Janet E. Kubler
The Algorithmic Beauty
of Seaweeds, Sponges,
and Corals
With 139 Illustrations, 51 in Color
Springer
Iaap A.Kaandorp [anet E.Kühler
Section ComputationalScience BiologyDepartment
UniversityofAmsterdam CaliforniaStateUniversity
Kruislaan 403 Northridge,CA91330-8303
1098SJAmsterdam USA
The Netherlands [email protected]
[email protected]
SeriesEditor
Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz
DepartmentofComputerScience
The UniversityofCalgary
2500 UniversityDriveN.W.
Calgary,AlbertaT2NIN4
Canada
[email protected]
Photographincludedincoverdesign:
Pacifigorgia agassizii,byIuan A.Sanchez,
courtesyofUnited StatesNationalMuseumcollection
(seeSect.2.2.3,Fig.2.29b)
ISBN 978-3-642-08720-2 ISBN978-3-662-04339-4 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-04339-4
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OriginallypublishedbySpringer-VerlagBerlinHeidelbergNewYorkin2001.
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This book isdedicated to our children
Iris, Lila,Sara, and Mikael.
Wesincerelyhope thatin the future
theytoo can enjoy coral reefs
and allothermarine organisms
in their fullbeauty.
Acknowledgements
The work described in this bookcould be completedthanks to the support
and contributions ofmany persons. The whole project, writing a book on
the state of the art of modeling and simulating the growth and form of
seaweeds,sponges,andstonycorals,wasinitiatedinameetingattheNational
Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis in Santa Barbara (California)
thatweorganizedinAugust1999(seebelow).Thismeetingwasveryinspiring
and successful; afterwards we requested several participants to contribute
sections in their field of expertise to this book. Weand the contributors
would liketothankmanypersons.
Bastien Chopard and Peter Sloot wish to thank Alfons Hoekstra and
Benno Overeinder from the University ofAmsterdam aswellasAlexandre
Masselot and Alexandre Dupuis from the University of Geneva for their
contributionand assistanceinpreparingtheirsection.
LigiaCollado Videswants tothank Gerardo Rivasforthe generation of
the figuresinher section.
SteveDudgeonwouldliketothankPeterEdmundsforpermittinguseof
the photographsshown inFig.2.23aand b.
SusanneGattiwants to thankJulian Gutt (Alfred-Wegener-Institutefor
Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany) for permitting use of
the photographsofAntarcticsponges (Figs.6.1and 6.2).
[aap Kaandorp's work was partly carried out within the MPR (Mas
siveParallel Computing)project"Thediscreteness-continuitydichotomyin
individual-based population dynamics using massively parallel machines"
fundedbythe Dutch FoundationforScientificResearch.
Janet Kubler wishes to thank Bob Jackson (Surface Physics Labora
tory, University of Maine, USA) for many inspiring conversations about
mathematics and biology which, in part, made this whole collaboration
possible.
SoyokaMukowishestothankthemembersofthemeetingattheNational
CenterforEcologicalAnalysisandSynthesisfortheirstimulatingdiscussions;
shewould alsoliketo thankY. Iwasa,K.Sakai,and N.Shigesada forhelpful
suggestionsduringthe preparationofher contribution.
BukiRinkevich'sworkwasconductedatthe MinervaCenter forMarine
InvertebrateImmunologyandDevelopment Biologyandwasalsosupported
bythe AID-CDR.
Wewould like to thank Rob van Soest (Institute for Systematics and
Population Biology,University of Amsterdam) for allowing us the use of
collection material and for introducing us to the natural products from
VIII ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
sponges, Louisvan der Laan (Institutefor Systematics and Population Biol
ogy,UniversityofAmsterdam) for skillfully preparing the black and white
photographs in this book, Christopher Lowe(Delft University of Technol
ogy) for his collaboration in the lattice Boltzmann simulations, and Mario
de Kluijver (Institutefor Systematics and Population Biology,University of
Amsterdam) for his collaboration in the transplantation experiments with
the sponges.J.E.N.(Charlie) Veron(AustralianInstituteofMarineSciences)
kindlypermitteduseofthephotographsofPocilloporadamicornisshownin
Fig.1.1.
The authors would liketo thank Robert Belleman, Kamil Iskra, Rafael
Garcia Leiva,Frank Lakeman, Nico Rozemeijer, Hans Ragas (University of
Amsterdam,Section ComputationalScience)fortheirassistanceincreating
manyofthecolorpicturesshown inChapters3and4,andBennoOvereinder
(UniversityofAmsterdam, Section Computational Science) for all his help
duringthe preparationofthe manuscript.SeanSpicer (StanfordUniversity)
kindlypermittedustousehissoftware forproducingthevolume renderings
shown in Fig.3-17. Figure 2.4 was reprinted with permission ofthe Journal
of Phycology.Eshel Ben-Jacob (School of Physics and Astronomy, TelAviv
University) andInon Cohen (SchoolofMathematicalSciences,TelAvivUni
versity) kindlypermittedustouseapictureofaPaenibacillusdendritiformis
colony(seeFig.i.sa),WewanttothankSaritaIngalsuo-Kaandorpforherhelp
in preparingseveral ofthe pictures. Without her support andher patience,
atleast the firstauthorcould neverhavewrittenthis book.
Wewouldliketothankallcontributorsandwehope thesecollaborations
mayresult inmanynewresearch projectsonmodelingthe growthandform
ofmarinesessile organisms.Wewant tothankHans WossnerandIngeborg
MayerfromSpringer-Verlagfortheirpleasantcooperation.Wewishtothank
the National Centerfor EcologicalAnalysis andSynthesis in Santa Barbara
(California)forsupportingtheworkshopon"ModelingGrowthandForm of
MarineSessileOrganisms"inAugust1999inSantaBarbaraandtheirsupport
during the writingofthis book. Please note that quicktime movies, related
to the topics discussed in this book, are made available at the homepage of
one ofthe authors(http://www.science.uva.nll-jaapkl).
AmsterdamandNorthridge,July2001 Iaap A.Kaandorp
Janet E.Kiibler
List of Contributing Authors
EdwardAbraham
NationalInstituteofWater andAtmosphericResearch,Wellington,
NewZealand
RolfP.M. Bak
NetherlandsInstituteofSeaResearch,Den Burg (Texel),The Netherlands
Davel.Barnes
AustralianInstituteofMarineScience,Townsville, Australia
RobertCarpenter
BiologyDepartment,CaliforniaState University,Northridge,Calif.,USA
Bastien Chopard
Departernentd'Informatique,UniversityofGeneva, Switzerland
Ligia Collado Vides
Lab.Ficologma,Fac.Ciencias,UniversidadNacionalAut6nomadeMexico,
Mexico City,Mexico
PeterDodds
Earth,Atmos. & Plan Department,MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,
Cambridge,Mass.,USA
Steven Dudgeon
BiologyDepartment,CaliforniaState University,Northridge,Calif.,USA
SusanneGatti
Alfred-Wegener-Institutefor PolarandMarineResearch,Bremerhaven,
Germany
Brian Helmuth
DepartmentofBiological Sciences,UniversityofSouthCarolina,Columbia,
S.C.,USA
MimiA.R.Koehl
DepartmentofIntegrativeBiology,UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,Calif.,
USA
LeoE.H.Lampmann
StElisabethHospital,Tilburg,The Netherlands
HowardR.Lasker
DepartmentofBiological Sciences, State UniversityofNewYork,Buffalo,
N.Y.,USA
x
LISTOF CONTRIBUTINGAUTHORS
JaniceLough
AustralianInstituteofMarineScience,Townsville,Australia
Werner E.G.Muller
Institutfur PhysiologischeChemie,Abt.AngewandteMolekularbiologie,
UniversityofMainz, Germany
SoyokaMuko
DepartmentofBiology,Faculty ofScience,KyushuUniversity, Fukuoka,
Japan
PrzemyslawPrusinkiewicz
DepartmentofComputerScience,UniversityofCalgary,Canada
BukiRinkevich
MinervaCenterforMarineInvertebrateImmunologyandDevelopmental
Biology,Haifa, Israel
Juan A.Sanchez
DepartmentofBiologicalSciences, State UniversityofNewYork,Buffalo,
N.Y.,USA
PeterM.A. Sloot
SectionComputationalScience,FacultyofScience,Universityof
Amsterdam,The Netherlands
RayB.Taylor
AustralianInstituteofMarineScience,Townsville,Australia
MarkJ.A.Vermeij
Institutefor BiodiversityandEcosystemDynamics,Universityof
Amsterdam,The Netherlands
List ofContributions
Section2.1.1byMimi A.R.Koehl,RobertCarpenter,andBrian Helmuth
The exampleofthe analogyfrom Pettigrew(1908) betweenelectric
dischargepatternsandthe growthofthered coral, Subsectionof
Section2.2.3onthe spongeRaspailia inaequalis,Sections3.2and4.4
byEdwardAbraham
SubsectionofSection2.2.3on hydrozoansandSections4.7and5.3
byStevenDudgeon
SubsectionofSection2.2.3on octocorals byHowardR.Lasker
andJuan A.Sanchez
SubsectionofSection2.2.3on scleractiniansbyMarkJ.A.Vermeij,
DaveJ.Barnes, andSoyokaMuko
SubsectionofSection2.2.4on spongesbyWernerE.G.Muller
SubsectionofSection2.2.4 on stonycoralsbyBukiRinkevich
Section3-lbyPeter Dodds
Section3.4byMarkJ.A.Vermeij,[aapKaandorp,RolfP.M.Bak,
andLeoE.H.Lampmann
Section4.1.1byPrzemyslawPrusinkiewicz
Section4.1.2byLigiaCollado Vides
Section4.3byBastienChopardandPeter M.A.Sloot
Section5.1on stonycorals bySoyokaMukoandBrian Helmuth
Section6.1on spongesbySusanneGatti
Section6.2byDaveJ.Barnes, RayB.Taylor,andJanice Lough