The agile architecture revolution : how cloud computing, REST-based SOA, and mobile computing are changing enterprise IT

287 Pages·2013·3.15 MB·English

by  Jason Bloomberg

THE AGILE
ARCHITECTURE
REVOLUTION
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THE AGILE
ARCHITECTURE
REVOLUTION
HOW CLOUD COMPUTING, REST-BASED SOA,
AND MOBILE COMPUTING ARE CHANGING
ENTERPRISE IT
Jason Bloomberg
with contributions from Ronald Schmelzer
JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.
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Bloomberg,Jason,1961-
Theagilearchitecturerevolution:howcloudcomputing,REST-basedSOA,andmobile
computingarechangingenterpriseIT/JasonBloomberg;withcontributionsfromRonald
Schmelzer.
pagescm
Includesindex.
ISBN978-1-118-40977-0(hbk.);ISBN978-1-118-42199-4(ebk);ISBN978-1-118-55405-0(ebk);
ISBN978-1-118-41787-4(ebk); 1. Businessenterprises—Technologicalinnovations.
2. Managementinformationsystems. 3. Service-orientedarchitecture(Computerscience)
I. Title.
HD45.B54662013
658.40038—dc23 2012038783
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
—
ToRonaldSchmelzer businesspartner,mentor,colleague,
parallelentrepreneur,curmudgeon,andfriend.
CONTENTS
FOREWORD xi
PREFACE xv
PARTONE—EnterpriseasComplexSystem 1
CHAPTER 1 IntroducingAgileArchitecture 3
DeconstructingAgile 4
ArchitectingSoftware/HumanSystems 8
MetaThinkingandAgileArchitecture 10
DefiningArchitecture:WorseThanHerdingCats 12
WhyNobodyIsDoingEnterpriseArchitecture 13
ComplexSystems:AttheHeartofAgileArchitecture 16
CHAPTER 2 Shhh,Don’tTellAnyone,butLet’sTalkaboutService-
OrientedArchitecture 21
RumorsofSOA’sDemise. .. 23
ThinkingOutsidetheSOABox 26
Okay,SoHowDidSOAEndUpDeadintheFirstPlace? 28
Services:TheCoreSOALesson 31
ImplementingPolicy-DrivenBehavior 34
What’stheDealwithWebServices? 38
TheThirdConversation 41
FreeingArchitecturefromtheUnderlyingInfrastructure 44
ImplementingSOAwithoutanESB 47
TheSOAMarketingParadoxandtheWizardofOz 48
CHAPTER 3 Governance:TheSecrettoSatisfyingtheBusiness
AgilityMeta-Requirement 51
OrganizationalContextforGovernance 52
Architecture-DrivenGovernance:BeyondITGovernance 54
RethinkingQuality 57
IntroducingtheAgilityModel 60
vii
viii CONTENTS
Meta-PolicyGovernance 63
InterrelationshipsamongGovernance,Quality,andManagement 64
FourStagesofAgileArchitectureGovernance 67
Architecture-DrivenGovernanceandtheButterflyEffect 70
CHAPTER 4 TheEnterpriseasComplexSystem 73
EngineeringtheEnterprisewithComplexSystemsEngineering 73
Best-EffortQualityandtheAgileArchitectureQualityStar 76
Best-EffortQualityinAction 80
Resilience:TheFlipSideofAgility 83
TheFlashMobEnterprise 86
CHAPTER 5 AgileArchitectureinPractice 89
TheCompositionVisionforIT 90
VisiontoReality:RethinkingIntegration 93
AligningAgileArchitecturewithBPM 96
BusinessModelingandAgileArchitecture 98
ProcessesThatSatisfytheMeta-RequirementofAgility 100
PARTTWO—TheZapThink2020Vision 103
CHAPTER 6 YouSayYouWantaRevolution . . . 105
FiveSupertrendsofEnterpriseIT 108
ContinuousBusinessTransformation:AttheCenterofZapThink2020 110
Where’sOurDeepInteroperability? 112
TheCrisisPointsoftheZapThink2020Vision 113
BigDataExplosionandtheChristmasDayBomber 116
StuxnetandWikileaks:HarbingersofCyberwar 119
CybersecuritytheAgileArchitectureWay 125
TheGenerationYCrisisPoint 128
CHAPTER 7 TheDemocratizationofEnterpriseIT 133
DemiseoftheEnterpriseITDepartment 134
TheAgileArchitectureApproachtoITProjectManagement 136
CrisisPoint:TheEnterpriseApplicationCrash 138
ReplacingEnterpriseSoftware:EasierSaidthanDone 144
CONTENTS ix
PARTTHREE—ImplementingAgileArchitecture 147
CHAPTER 8 DeepInteroperability:GettingRESTRight(Finally!) 149
ProgrammableInterfaces:TheNever-EndingStory 150
RESTtotheRescue 155
Dogmaticvs.IconoclasticREST 161
RESTvs.WebServices 163
CanRESTFixWebServices? 166
DoesRESTProvideDeepInteroperability? 168
WhereIstheSOAinREST-BasedSOA? 170
REST-BasedSOA:AnIconoclasticApproach 173
CHAPTER 9 Finally,Let’sMovetotheCloud 177
D(cid:2)ej(cid:3)aVuAllOverAgain 179
CounteringVendorSpinwithArchitecture 181
Interlude:NeutralizingtheCloudThreat 183
WhyCloudComputingScaresthePlatformVendors 186
ArchitectingbeyondCloudComputing’sHorselessCarriage 187
BASEJumpingintheCloud:RethinkingDataConsistency 190
CloudMultitenancy:MorethanMeetstheEye 193
KeystoEnterprisePublicCloud 197
WhyPublicCloudsAreMoreSecurethanPrivateClouds 200
WhyYouReally,TrulyDon’tWantaPrivateCloud 202
AvoidingUnexpectedCloudEconomicsPitfalls 205
RethinkingCloudServiceLevelAgreements 208
AreYourSoftwareLicensesCloudFriendly? 212
GarbageintheCloud 214
BewareFakeClouds 217
LearningtheRightLessonsfromthe2011and2012AmazonCrashes 219
FailureIstheOnlyOption 221
CloudConfigurationManagement:WheretheRubberHitstheClouds 223
Clouds,SOA,REST,andState 225
TheSecretofaRESTfulCloud 229
BPMintheCloud:DisruptiveTechnology 232
Cloud-OrientedArchitectureandtheInternetofThings 236
LocationIndependence:TheBuckarooBanzaiEffect 238
Postscript:TheCloudIstheComputer 241
x CONTENTS
CHAPTER 10 CanWeDoAgileEnterpriseArchitecture? 243
FrameworksandMethodologiesandStyles,OhMy! 245
TheBeginningoftheEndforEnterpriseArchitectureFrameworks 248
HowtoBuyanAgileArchitecture 250
TheDangersofChecklistArchitecture 253
CONCLUSION 257
LISTOFABBREVIATIONS 261
ABOUTTHEAUTHOR 265
INDEX 267
FOREWORD: THE AGILE
ARCHITECTURE
REVOLUTION
Thecorethrustofarchitecturehasbeentodefinecorebusinessrequirements,
and then construct the IT solution to meet those requirements, typically as
instances ofsoftware.Whilethisseemslikeasimpleconcept,manyinenter-
prise IT went way off course in the last 10 to 15 years.
ITdoesnotprovidethevalueitoncedid,meaningITdoesnotmeetthe
objectives and expectations of the business. Indeed, IT has become a cost
center where the resource burn increased significantly over the last 20 years,
whilethevaluetothebusinessdecreasedrelativetocosts.Thiscan’tcontinue.
We’ve tried all of the tricks. With “waterfall” types of approaches to
application architecture, the time it takes to move from understanding the
requirementstothefinaldeployedsystemcouldbeyears.Thus,bythetimethe
system is completed and deployed, the business requirements likely have
changed, you’re back to the drawing board, and the delivered system has
significantly diminished in value.
Toaddressthelatencyissuesaroundthewaterfall,thosewhodesignand
buildsystemsturnedtotheconceptofinteraction.Thismeansmovingthrough
cyclesofunderstand-design-develop-deploy,overandoveragain,untilthereis
something that resembles the desired business solution. Iteration approaches
to software development often lead to poorly designed and lower-quality
systems because you get it wrong over and over again, seemingly to get it
rightonce.Moreover,asrequirementschange,it’sbacktotheiterationsagain,
sometimes in a never-ending loop.
ThecorebenefitITshouldprovideisthatofachievingbusinessagility,or
the ability to allow the business to change rapidly around changing business
requirements and business opportunities. Thus, businesses can move quickly
into newer and more profitable product lines, acquire companies to expand
theirpositioninthemarket,orquicklyalignwithregulatorychangesthatcould
stop their business in its tracks.
So,ifbusinessagilityisgood,howcanITachieveit?Thecurrentthinking
isthatweneedtochangeourapproachtodesignanddevelopment,again,and
move to newer methods and approaches around software architecture. The
right answer is that we need to change what we build, not how we build it.
xi