The African Press, Civic Cynicism, and Democracy PDF
Preview The African Press, Civic Cynicism, and Democracy
The African Press, Civic Cynicism, and Democracy Palgrave Macmillan Series in International Political Communication Series editor: Philip Seib, University of Southern California (USA) From democratization to terrorism, economic development to conflict resolution, global political dynamics are affected by the increasing perva- siveness and influence of communication media. This series examines the participants and their tools, their strategies and their impact. It offers a mix of comparative and tightly focused analyses that bridge the various ele- ments of communication and political science included in the field of inter- national studies. Particular emphasis is placed on topics related to the rapidly changing communication environment that is being shaped by new technologies and new political realities. This is the evolving world of inter- national political communication. Editorial Board Members: Hussein Amin, American University in Cairo (Egypt) Robin Brown, University of Leeds (UK) Eytan Gilboa, Bar-Ilan University (Israel) Steven Livingston, George Washington University (USA) Robin Mansell, London School of Economics and Political Science (UK) Holli Semetko, Emory University (USA) Ingrid Volkmer, University of Melbourne (Australia) Books Appearing in this Series Media and the Politics of Failure: Great Powers, Communication Strategies, and Military Defeats By Laura Roselle The CNN Effect in Action: How the News Media Pushed the West toward War in Kosovo By Babak Bahador Media Pressure on Foreign Policy: The Evolving Theoretical Framework By Derek B. Miller New Media and the New Middle East Edited by Philip Seib The African Press, Civic Cynicism, and Democracy By Minabere Ibelema The African Press, Civic Cynicism, and Democracy Minabere Ibelema THE AFRICAN PRESS, CIVIC CYNICISM, AND DEMOCRACY Copyright © Minabere Ibelema, 2008. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2008 ISBN 978-1-4039-8201-8 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. First published in 2008 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN™ 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 and Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England RG21 6XS Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-53897-3 ISBN 978-0-230-61049-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/978-1-349-53896-6 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ibelema, Minabere. The African press, civic cynicism, and democracy / Minabere Ibelema. p. cm.—(Palgrave Macmillan series in international political communication) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1–4039–8201–5 (alk. paper) 1. Democracy—Africa. 2. Press and politics—Africa. 3. Africa—Politics and government—1960– 4. Political corruption—Africa. I. Title. JQ1879.A15I24 2008 306.2096—dc22 2007016060 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: January 2008 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To the Nuhu Ribadus and John Githongos of Africa, including the ordinary people who in their little spheres take a stand against civic cynicism. This page intentionally left blank Contents List of Tables ix Foreword xi Acknowledgments xv 1 Uncertain Prospects for Democracy 1 2 The Emergent Independent Press 11 3 Journalism Values and the African Press 33 4 Civic Cynicism 41 5 Consolidating Democracy 69 6 The Nigerian Press and the First Republic 93 7 Military Coups and Press/Public Support 119 8 Press Reembrace of Democracy 145 9 Civic Cynicism and Disordered Democracy 183 10 Combating Civic Cynicism 225 Postscript: A Groundswell of Social Capital 255 Notes 259 References 261 Index 275 This page intentionally left blank Tables 2.1 Literacy Rates and Media Reach in Selected African Countries 25 7.1 Selected African Coups in Chronological Order (1950–2006) 121 10.1 E xpenditure on Clothing and Shoes for Selected Countries 245
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