The affordable housing reader PDF
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THE AFFORDABLE HOUSING READER This second edition of The Affordable Housing Reader provides context for current discussions surrounding housing policy, emphasizing the values and assumptions underlying debates over strategies for ameliorating housing problems experienced by low-income residents and communities of color. The authors highlighted in this updated volume address themes central to housing as an area of social policy and to understanding its particular meaning in the United States. These include the long history of racial exclusion and the role that public policy has played in racializing access to decent housing and well-serviced neighborhoods; the tension between the economic and social goals of housing policy; and the role that housing plays in various aspects of the lives of low- and moderate-income residents. Scholarship and the COVID-19 pandemic are raising awareness of the link between access to adequate housing and other rights and opportunities. This timely reader focuses attention on the results of past efforts and on the urgency of reframing the conversation. It is both an exciting time to teach students about the evolution of United States’ housing policy and a challenging time to discuss what policymakers or practitioners can do to effect positive change. This reader is aimed at students, professors, researchers, and professionals of housing policy, public policy, and city planning. Elizabeth J. Mueller is an associate professor of Community and Regional Planning and Social Work at the University of Texas at Austin. J. Rosie Tighe is an associate professor in the Department of Urban Studies in the Levin College of Urban Affairs at Cleveland State University. The Affordable Housing Reader Second Edition ■■■■ ■ ■ ■ Edited by ■ Elizabeth J. Mueller ■ and ■ J. Rosie Tighe ■ ■ ■ Cover Images: Aerial view of suburban Levittown, Pennsylvania. Circa 1959. Unknown author. Public domain. Vacant rowhouses, Shipley Hill, Baltimore. Photograph by Eli Pousson, Feb 17, 2017. Rent Strike, Austin, Texas. Photograph by Elizabeth Mueller, 2020. Second edition published 2022 by Routledge 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Elizabeth J. Mueller and J. Rosie Tighe; individual chapters, the contributors The right of Elizabeth J. Mueller and J. Rosie Tighe to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. First edition published by Routledge 2013 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Mueller, Elizabeth J., editor. | Tighe, J. Rosie, editor. Title: The affordable housing reader / edited by Elizabeth J. Mueller and J. Rosie Tighe. Description: 2nd Edition. | New York, NY: Routledge, 2022. | Revised edition of The affordable housing reader, 2013. | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Identifiers: LCCN 2021059414 (print) | LCCN 2021059415 (ebook) | ISBN 9780367280468 (hardback) | ISBN 9780367280475 (paperback) | ISBN 9780429299377 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Low-income housing‐‐United States. | Housing policy‐‐United States. | Housing‐‐United States‐‐Costs. Classification: LCC HD7287.96.U6 A38 2022 (print) | LCC HD7287.96.U6 (ebook) | DDC 363.5/ 820973‐‐dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021059414 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021059415 ISBN: 978-0-367-28046-8 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-367-28047-5 (pbk) ISBN: 978-0-429-29937-7 (ebk) DOI: 10.4324/9780429299377 Typeset in Weidemann by MPS Limited, Dehradun We dedicate this book to our students. ■■■■ ■ Contents ■ List of figures xi Notes on contributors xii Editors’ introduction to the second edition xxvii PART 1 CONFLICTING MOTIVATIONS FOR HOUSING POLICY 1 Editor’s introduction 2 1 A citizen’s guide to public housing 6 Catherine Bauer 2 The Housing Act of 1949 16 William L.C. Wheaton 3 The evolution of low-income housing policy, 1949 to 1999 21 Charles J. Orlebeke 4 The Kerner Commission and Housing Policy 41 Stephen Menendian and Richard Rothstein with Nirali Beri 5 Advancing the right to housing in the United States: Using international law as a foundation 52 International Human Rights Committee of the New York City Bar Association, 2016 PART 2 DEFINING AND MEASURING HOUSING PROBLEMS 71 Editor’s introduction 72 6 What is housing affordability? The case for the residual income approach 76 Michael E. Stone viii CONTENTS 7 How do we know when housing is “affordable”? 92 Edward Glaeser and Joseph Gyourko 8 How affordable is HUD affordable housing? 97 Shima Hamidi, Reid Ewing, and John L. Renne 9 Consequences of segregation for children’s opportunity and wellbeing 113 Nancy McArdle and Dolores Acevedo-Garcia 10 Home is where the harm is: Inadequate housing as a public health crisis 123 Samiya A. Bashir PART 3 HOUSING TENURES 131 Editor’s introduction 132 11 The grapes of rent: A history of renting in a country of owners 136 Donald A. Krueckeberg 12 The sustainability of low-income homeownership: The incidence of unexpected costs and needed repairs among low-income homebuyers 146 Shannon Van Zandt and William M. Rohe 13 Old wine in private equity bottles? Resurgence of contract‐for‐deed home sales in US urban neighborhoods 162 Dan Immergluck 14 Making home more affordable: Community land trusts adopting cooperative ownership models to expand affordable housing 176 Meaghan M. Ehlenz PART 4 PROVISION OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING 191 Editor’s introduction 192 15 The quadruple bottom line and nonprofit housing organizations in the United States 196 Rachel G. Bratt 16 American murder mystery revisited: Do housing voucher households cause crime? 212 Ingrid Gould Ellen, Michael Lens, and Katherine O’Regan CONTENTS ix 17 From public housing to public–private housing 230 Lawrence J. Vale and Yonah Freemark 18 What should be the future of the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Program? 251 Kirk McClure PART 5 THE MEANING OF PLACE 269 Editor’s introduction 270 19 Federal support for CDCs: Some of the history and issues of community control 273 Stewart E. Perry 20 W(h)ither the community in community land trusts? 281 James DeFilippis, Brian Stromberg, and Olivia R. Williams 21 Community Development Corporations in the right-sizing city: Remaking the CDC model of urban redevelopment 296 Melissa Heil 22 Planning for empowerment: Upending the traditional approach to planning for affordable housing in the face of gentrification 310 Kathryn L. Howell PART 6 PLANNING AND LAND USE 325 Editor’s introduction 326 23 It’s time to end single-family zoning 329 Michael Manville, Paavo Monkkonen, and Michael Lens 24 Democracy in action? NIMBY as impediment to equitable affordable housing siting 337 Corianne Payton Scally and J. Rosie Tighe 25 Progress for whom, toward what? Progressive politics and New York City’s Mandatory Inclusionary Housing 355 Samuel Stein 26 One size fits none: Local context and planning for the preservation of affordable housing 367 Kathryn L. Howell, Elizabeth J. Mueller, and Barbara Brown Wilson
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