The Aerodynamics of Heavy Vehicles: Trucks, Buses, and Trains PDF
Preview The Aerodynamics of Heavy Vehicles: Trucks, Buses, and Trains
Lecture Notes in Applied and Computational Mechanics Volume 19 Series Editors Prof. Dr.-Ing. Friedrich Pfeiffer Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Wriggers The Aerodynamics of Heavy Vehicles: Trucks, Buses, and Trains Rose McCallen Fred Browand James Ross (Editors) ~Springer RosE McCALLEN, PH.D. Center for Advanced Fluid Dynamics Applications Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory P.O. Box 808, L-098 94551 Livermore, CA, U.S.A FRED BROWAND, PH.D. Univerity of Southern California Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering 90089-1453 Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A DR. }AMES Ross, PH.D. NASA-Ames Research Center MS 260-1 Experimental Aerop hysics Branch 94035 Moffett Field, CA, U.S.A With 378 Figures Library of Congress Control Number: 2004105980 ISSN 1613-7736 ISBN 978-3-642-53586-4 ISBN 978-3-540-44419-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-44419-0 This work is subject to copyright. 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Cover design: design & production GmbH, Heidelberg Typesetting: Digital data supplied by authors Printed on acid-free paper 62/3020Rw -5 4 3 2 1 0 Engineering Conferences ECI International Polytechnic/ A Engineering Conferences Foundation Partnership The Engineering Conferences International is a follow up organization to the United Engineering Foundation Con ferences. The program sponsors leading edge, interdisci plinary, international scientific/engineering conferences. The Engineering Conferences International is a partner ship of the Engineering Conferences Foundation and Poly technic University. Conferences Director: Barbara K. Hickernell, CAE Engineering Conferences International 6 MetroTech Center Brooklyn, NY 11201 Tel: +1-718-260-3743 Fax: +1-718-260-3754 Email:[email protected] www.engconfintl.org Introduction It is our pleasure to present these proceedings from the United Engineering Foundation Conference on The Aerodynamics of Heavy Vehicles: Trucks, Buses and Trains held December 2-6, 2002, in Monterey, California. This Department of Energy, United Engineering Foundation, and industry sponsored conference brought together 90 leading engineering researchers from around the world to discuss the aerodynamic drag of heavy vehicles. Participants from national labs, academia, and industry, including truck manufacturers, discussed how computer simulation and experimental techniques could be used to design more fuel efficient trucks, buses, and trains. Conference topics included comparison of computational fluid dynamics calculations using both steady and unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes, large-eddy simulation, and hybrid turbulence models and experimental data obtained from the Department of Energy sponsored and other wind tunnel experiments. Advanced experimental techniques including three-dimensional particle image velocimetry were presented, along with their use in evaluating drag reduction devices. We would like to thank the UEF conference organizers for their dedication and quick response to sudden deadlines. In addition, we would like to thank all session chairs, the scientific advisory committee, authors, and reviewers for their many hours of dedicated effort that contributed to a successful conference and resulted in this document of the conference proceedings. We also gratefully acknowledge the support received from the United Engineering Foundation, the US Department of Energy, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Volvo Trucks America, International Truck and Engine Corporation, and Freightliner LLC. Finally, we would like to thank Helen Magann for her efforts in collecting the papers and reviews and formatting and organizing them in this publication. Conference Co-Chairs: Rose McCallen Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore, CA Fred Browand Aerospace & Mechanical Engineering Department University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA Jim Ross NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA Contents Keynote Papers Paul B. MacCready Aerodynamics and Other Efficiencies in Transporting Goods_ _____________________ 3 Kevin R. Cooper Commercial Vehicle Aerodynamic Drag Reduction: Historical Perspective as a Guide_ _____________________________________________________________________________ 9 Philippe R. Spalart, Kyle D. Squires The Status of Detached-Eddy Simulation for BluffBodies ________________________ 29 LES and Hybrid RANS-LES Approaches Sinisa Krajnovic, Lars Davidson Exploring the Flow Around a Simplified Bus with Large Eddy Simulation and Topological Tools __________________________________________________________ 49 G. Iaccarino, P. Durbin, S. Talley Unsteady Flow Around Cylinders with Cavities _______________________________________ 65 Ken Wurtzler Complex CFD for Everyday Use-Practical Applications for Vehicle Analysis _______________________________________________________________________________ 75 C Hinterberger, M Garcia-Villalba, W. Rodi Large Eddy Simulation of Flow Around the Ahmed Body_ ________________________ 77 Stephen Maddox, Kyle D. Squires, Ken E. Wurtzler, james R. Forsythe Detached-Eddy Simulation of the Ground Transportation System ____________ 89 CFD: Software Methods and Applications B. Basara, P. Tibaut Time Dependent vs. Steady State Calculations of External Aerodynamics ______________________________________________________________________________________ 107 Sung-Eun Kim Aerodynamics of Ground Vehicles - Toward Reliable and Affordable CFD ____________________________________________________________________________ 119 Alec Wong Improved Tractor-Trailer Integration and Aerodynamics Through the Use ofCFD_ _____________________________________________________________________ 121 HudongChen Large Eddy Simulation of Turbulence Via Lattice Boltzmann Based Approach: Fundamental Physics and Practical Applications_ ____________________ 123 X Contents David Gosman Aspects of CFD Application to Vehicle Aerodynamic Design __ _ 125 Experimental Methods Luis Bernal, Abdullah M Al-Garni PIV Study of the Near Wake of a Pickup Truck_______ ____ _____ _1 29 Mory Gharib, Francisco, Pereira, Emilio Castano Graff Applications ofDDPIV to Studies Associated with Road Vehicles 131 M M Koochesfahani, A. C. Goh, H. J Schock Molecular Tagging Velocimetry (MTV) and Its Automotive Applications__ _ _________ _________ _________ _________________ 143 R. Bommels, M Machacek, A. Landolt, T. Roesgen Quantitative Flow Visualization for Large Scale Wind Tunnels ______________ 157 Aerodynamics Experiments & CFD DaleSatran An Experimental Study of the Generic Conventional Model (GCM) in the NASA Ames 7-by-10-Foot Wind Tunnel _ 171 james T. Heineck, Stephen M. Walker, Dale Satran The Measurement of Wake and Gap Flows of the Generic Conventional Truck Model (GCM) Using Three-Component PIV 173 M. Hammache, F. Browand On the Aerodynamics ofTractor-Trailers __________ _________________ _185 Christopher Roy, Jeffrey Payne, Mary McWherter-Fayne, Kambiz Safari RANS Simulations of a Simplified Tractor/Trailer Geometry _207 jason M. Ortega, Tim Dunn, Rose McCallen, Kambiz Safari Computational Simulation of a Heavy Vehicle Trailer Wake _________________ 219 Passive/ Active Flow Modification for Drag Reduction D. R. Areas, L. G. Redekopp Drag Reduction of Two-Dimensional Bodies by Addition of Boat Tails ----------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------ __ 237 ]D. Coon, KD. Visser Drag Reduction of a Tractor-Trailer Using Planar Boat Tail Plates _ ____________ ___ _ 249 G. !accarino, B. de Maio, R. Verzicco, B. Khalighi RANS Simulations of Passive and Active Drag Reduction Devices for a Road Vehicle 267 Contents XI Robert J Englar Pneumatic Heavy Vehicle Aerodynamic Drag Reduction, Safety Enhancement, and Performance lmprovement_ ______________________________________ 277 Tsun-Ya Hsu, Mustapha Hammache, Fred Browand Base Flaps and Oscillatory Perturbations to Decrease Base Drag_ _____________ 303 CFD Calculations by Various Methods Dr. ]iirgen Urban Use of Computational Aerodynamics for Commercial Vehicle Development at DaimlerChrysler_ _____________________________________________ 319 Samira Barakat, Dieter Schwamborn Numerical Simulation of the Flow About a Train Model ________________________ 329 P.R. Menter, M Kuntz Adaptation of Eddy-Viscosity Turbulence Models to Unsteady Separated Flow Behind Vehicles-----------------------------------------------------------339 Goeric Daeninck, Gregoire Winckelmans, Philippe Chatelain, Michael Rubel, Anthony Leonard Simulation ofVehicle Aerodynamics Using a Vortex Element Method ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 353 Heavy Vehicle Thermal Management Thomas Gielda Energetic and CFD Modeling Considerations of Thermal Management_ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 369 Ronald Dupree Measurement ofUnderhood Temperatures with Various Ventilations ________________________________________________________________________________________ 371 Tanju Sofo, Fon-Chieh Chang, Ron Dupree, Srinivas Malipeddi, Sudhindra Uppuluri, Steven Shapiro Measurement and Analysis ofUnderhood Ventilation Air Flow and Temperatures for an Off-Road Machine _________________________________________ 373 Robert F. Kunz, Nameer Salman Flow Field and Thermal Management Analysis of an Armored Vehicle Engine Compartment ______________________________________________________________ 385 Aerodynamics of High Speed Trains Remi Gregoire Experiments and CFD in Train Aerodynamics: A Young and Turbulent Association Full of Potential _________________________________________________ 413 T johnson, S Dalley, J Temple Recent Studies of Train Slipstreams ______________________________________________________ 415 XII Contents V. Bourquin, C. Begiun, P.A. Monkewitz Aerodynamic Effects in Railway Tunnels as Speed is Increased__________ __ 431 Masahiro Suzuki Flow-Induced Vibration of High-Speed Trains in Tunnels_ __ ___ 443 ]ean-Luc Peters How to Reduce the Cross Wind Sensitivity ofTr ains _________ _ 453 Christian Fauchier, Huu-Thi Do, Remi Gregoire CFD Study of Side Wind Effects on a High Speed Train ____________________ 469 CFD Calculations by Various Methods (continued) W David Pointer, Tanju Sofo, David Weber Commercial CFD Code Validation for Heavy-Vehicle External Aerodynamics Simulation ___ ___ __________ __ ____________________________ 473 !!han Bayraktar, Oktay Baysal Computational Parametric Study on External Aerodynamics of Heavy Trucks _____ _ __ _____________________ ----------------------------------- _ 485 Kyoji Kamemoto, Akira Ojima Applicability of the Vortex Methods for Aerodynamics of Heavy Vehicles ___ ______ _ ______ _ ________ _ 503 Aerodynamic Experiments jorge Martinez, Sunil fain Development of a Wind Tunnel Model Mounting Configuration for Heavy Duty Trucks _____ _ __ _______________________________________ 517 Corey Diebler, Mark Smith A Ground-Based Research Vehicle for Base Drag Studies at Subsonic Speeds __ _ ___________ _ 519 G. Dumas, J Lemay Splash and Spray Measurement and Control: Recent Progress in Quebec______ _ __ ____________ _ _____________________________________________________ 533 R. J Gaeta, R. J Englar, G. Blaylock Wind-Tunnel Evaluation of an Aerodynamic Heat Exchanger_______ 549 Steven Shladover Automated Driving ofTr ucks and Buses: Opportunities for Increasing Productivity and Safety While Reducing Fuel Use and Emissions ___________ _ __ _______ _____________ _ __ 563 Author Index ___________ 565
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