The Actuality of Sacrifice: Past and Present

495 Pages·2014·15.07 MB·English

by  Alberdina Houtman

The Actuality of Sacrifice
Jewish and Christian
Perspectives Series
Editorial Board
David Golinkin – Alberdina Houtman
Marcel Poorthuis – Joshua Schwartz
Freek van der Steen
Advisory Board
Yehoyada Amir – David Berger – Shaye Cohen
Judith Frishman – Martin Goodman
Clemens Leonhard – Tobias Nicklas – Eyal Regev
Gerard Rouwhorst – Seth Schwartz – Yossi Turner
VOLUME 28
The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/jcp
The Actuality of Sacrifice
Past and Present
Edited by
Alberdina Houtman
Marcel Poorthuis
Joshua Schwartz
Yossi Turner
LEIDEN | BOSTON
Bar-Ilan University, Israel
University of Tilburg: Faculty of Catholic Theology,
The Netherlands
Schechter Institute of Jewish Studies, Israel

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Contents
List of Figures  viii
List of Contributors  xi
Introduction  1
Part 1
Archaeology and the Hebrew Bible
1 Conspicuous Destruction and the Economy of Sacrifice in the Bronze
and Early Iron Age East Mediterranean  9
Louise A. Hitchcock
2 Reading as an Act of Offering: Reconsidering the Genre of
Leviticus 1  34
Dorothea Erbele-Küster
3 The Death of Moses as a Sacrifice of Atonement for the Sins of Israel:
A Hidden Biblical Tradition  47
David Frankel
Part 2
New Testament and post-Biblical Judaism
4 ‘So the Sons are Free’: The Temple Tax in the Matthean
Community  71
Eric Ottenheijm
5 Sacrifice in the Dead Sea Scrolls  89
Lawrence H. Schiffman
6 Jesus Christ, High Priest and Sacrifice according to the Epistle to the
Hebrews  107
Adelbert Denaux
7 Sacrifice without the Rabbis: Ritual and Sacrifice in the Second Temple
Period according to Contemporary Sources  123
Joshua Schwartz
vi contents
Part 3
Early Christianity and Rabbinic Literature
8 Sacrifice in ‘Gnostic’ Testimonies of the Second and Third
Centuries ce  153
Riemer Roukema
9 Sacrifice as Concession in Christian and Jewish Sources: The
Didascalia Apostolorum and Rabbinic Literature  170
Marcel Poorthuis
10 Putting One’s Life on the Line: The Meaning of heʿerah lamavet nafsho
and Similar Expressions  192
Alberdina Houtman
11 Ritual is with People: Sacrifice and Society in Palestinian Yoma
Traditions  206
Michael D. Swartz
Part 4
Thoughts on Sacrifice in the High Middle Ages
12 Sacrifice of the Mass and the Sacrifice of Christ: Thomas Aquinas
against Later Thomist Theology  231
Harm Goris
13 On Purifying Sacrifice in the Philosophy of Don Isaac Abravanel  246
Alexander Even-Chen
Part 5
Sacrifice in Jewish and Christian Liturgy
14 Which Religion is Most Sacrificial? Reflections on the
Transformations of Sacrifice in Early Christianity and Rabbinic
Judaism  261
Gerard Rouwhorst
15 The Restoration of Sacrifices in Modern Jewish Liturgy  275
David Golinkin
contents vii
Part 6
Sacrifice in Modern Philosophy
16 Sacrifice and Repentance: The Religious Thought of Hermann Cohen,
Franz Rosenzweig, and Joseph B. Soloveitchik  287
Yossi Turner
17 The Subject as Sacrifice? Levinas’s Confusing Critique of Idealistic
Subject Philosophy  305
Renée D.N. van Riessen
18 Can We Be at Peace without Sacrifice? The Connection between
Sacrifice and Crisis in the Work of René Girard  323
Simon Simonse
Part 7
Sacrifice in Art and Culture
19 Models of Interaction between Judaism and Christianity as Seen
Through Artistic Representations of the Sacrifice of Isaac  343
Shulamit Laderman
20 ‘From the Blood of My Heart’: Christian Iconography in the Response
of Israeli Artists to the Holocaust  377
Rachel Berger
21 The Iconography of Gendered Sacrifice: Women’s Army Corps
Memorials in Israel and Great Britain  401
Judith Tydor Baumel-Schwartz
22 On Sacrifices, Victims, and Perpetrators: Israel’s New Historians,
Critical Artists, and Zionist Historiography  421
Judith Frishman
23 Tarkovsky’s Sacrifice: Between Nietzsche and Christ  447
Frank G. Bosman
Index of Names  463
Index of Sources  469
List of Figures
figure caption
1.1 H orned God and Ingot God, Bronze, from Enkomi, Cyprus, late
12th or early 11th centuries bce (Webb 1999, 224, Figs. 78.1 and 78.2,
reproduced by permission)  16
1.2 M inoan Bronze Figurines, Herakleion Museum, Late Minoan i–ii,
ca 15th century bce (author photograph)  18
1.3 M istress of the Mountains Sealing, Knossos, Late Minoan i,
ca 15th century bce (author illustration, after Evans 1900–1901,
29, Fig. 9)  19
1.4 M t. Jouktas, Minoan Peak Sanctuary, Detail of Crevice for
Deposition of Offerings, Late Minoan i, ca 15th century bce
(photo courtesy of Brent Davis)  21
1.5 M inoan Double Axes, Bronze, Arkhalochori Cave, Crete, Late
Minoan i, ca 15th century bce (author photograph)  22
1.6 Stratum x Temple, Isometric Reconstruction, Tell Qasile, Israel,
11th century bce (Mazar 1980, 35, Fig. 10, reproduced by
permission)  22
1.7 D ouble Axe-Adze, Bronze, Tell Qasile, Israel, 11th century bce
(Mazar 1985, 3, Photo 1, reproduced by permission)  23
1.8 L ioness Head Cup, Fragment, Terracotta, Tell es-Safi/Gath, Israel,
Iron Age i (photograph courtesy of Aren M. Maeir)  25
1.9 B ull Head Rhyton, Steatite, Little Palace at Knossos, Crete, Late
Minoan i, ca 15th century bce (author photograph)  26
1.10 L ioness Head Rhyton, Marble-like Limestone, Palace at
Knossos, Crete, Late Minoan i, ca 15th century bce
(author photograph)  27
1.11 A egean Bull’s Head Rhyton Fragments, Gold Leaf and Lead, from
the Temple of the Horned God, Enkomi, Cyprus, ca 12th century
bce (Webb 1999, 94, Fig. 37.1, reproduced by permission)  28
1.12 L ion Head Cup, Faience, Hazor (Zuckerman 2008, 116, Fig. 1.2,
drawing by Sara Halbreich, reproduced by permission)  29
19.1 D ura Europos Synagogue—West wall above the Torah
shrine  344
19.2 The Sacrifice of Isaac—a detail from the Sarcophagus of
Juonius Bassus  345
list of figures ix
19.3 Sacrifice of Isaac—Cubiculum C in the Via Latina
catacomb  348
19.4 C hristian Topography, Vatican Biblioteca Apostolica,
cod. Gr. 699, fol. 59r  350
19.5 V ienna, Austrian National Library, Cod. 2554, folios 5r
and 5v  352
19.6 V ienna, Austrian National Library, Cod. 2554, fol. 5r left column OT
roundel (capital C)  352
19.7 V ienna, Austrian National Library, Cod. 2554, fol. 5r left column nt
commentary roundel (small c)  353
19.8 V ienna, Austrian National Library, Cod. 2554, fol. 5r right column
OT roundel (capital D)  353
19.9 V ienna, Austrian National Library, Cod. 2554, fol. 5r right column
commentary nt (small d)  354
19.10 V ienna, Austrian National Library, Cod. 2554, fol. 5v top left
column ot roundel (capital A)  354
19.11 Vienna, Austrian National Library, Cod. 2554, fol. 5v left nt
commentary roundel (small a )  355
19.12 Bl., Or. 2737 Haggadah fol. 93r; The Sarajevo Haggadah
in fol. 7v b  359
19.13 Milan Biblioteca Ambrosiana Ms. B. 30 Inf. Fol. 102a  359
19.14 T he mosaic floor of the synagogue of Beit Alpha-
6th century  360
19.15 V atican Biblioteca Apostolica Octateuch Vat. Gr. 746
fol. 83r  361
19.16 The Christian Topography Vatican Gr. 699 fol. 49r  363
19.17 The Istanbul Topkapi Serail 8 Octateuch folio 239v  364
19.18 T he mosaic floor of Cappele Theotokos on Mount Nebo in
Jordan  366
19.19 V atican Biblioteca Apostolica Octateuch Vat. Gr. 746
fol. 325v  367
19.20 The Birds’ Head Haggadah, Israel Museum 180/57, fol. 15f  369
20.1 Yosl Bergner, Shulhan Arukh (A Set Table), 1971, oil on canvas,
225 × 145 cm  379
20.2 Leonardo da Vinci, Last Supper, c. 1495, oil, tempera, and fresco,
4.2 × 9.1 m, Milan, Church of Santa Maria della Grazia  379
20.3 Yosl Bergner, View from Above, 1971, oil on canvas, 250 × 160 cm,
private collection  380
20.4 Shmuel Bak, Self-Portrait, 1995–1996, oil on canvas, 200 × 160 cm,
Pucker Gallery, Boston  381