ebook img

The Acoustics of Stockholm Concert Hall and Artificial Reverberation Systems PDF

108 Pages·2015·12.76 MB·English
Save to my drive
Quick download
Download
Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.

Preview The Acoustics of Stockholm Concert Hall and Artificial Reverberation Systems

DEGREE PROJECT IN MEDIA TECHNOLOGY 300 CREDITS, SECOND CYCLE STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN 2015 The Acoustics of Stockholm Concert Hall and Artificial Reverberation Systems EVALUATION OF STORA SALEN AND SIMULATION OF ITS ELECTRONIC REVERBERATION SYSTEM CHRISTOFFER CARLSSON KTH ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND COMMUNICATION The Acoustics of Stockholm Concert Hall and Artificial Reverberation Systems EvaluationofStorasalenandsimulationofitselectronicreverberationsystem AkustikeniStockholmskonserthusochartificiellaefterklangssystem UtvärderingavStorasalenochsimuleringavdesselektroniskaefterklangssystem CHRISTOFFERCARLSSON [email protected] MasterThesisinSpeechandMusicCommunication MasterofScienceinMediaTechnology,MasterinMediaTechnology Provider: ACAD-InternationalAB SupervisoratCSC:AndersFriberg SupervisoratACAD:JoelJohansson Examiner: StenTernström MasterofScienceThesis Stockholm,Sweden,December2015 Abstract Thismasterthesisexaminestheeffectsontheacousticalproper- tiesofaconcerthallcausedbyanartificialreverberationsystem (ARS)andthepossibilityofsimulatingtheseproperties.Byex- aminingthecaseoftheStockholmConcertHall,whichrecently installed such a system, a greater understanding of the ARS willbegainedandadditionalimprovementsofsimulatingsuch systemswillbeexplored. Thisstudycomprisestwoparts: (1) objectivedataobtainedthroughacousticalmeasurementsare evaluatedbothinternallyandtootherhallsand(2)bycomputer simulationoftheconcerthallanditselectronicreverberation systemevaluatetheacousticsofthehall. ThestudyshowsthattheeffectoftheARSontheacoustical propertiesofStockholmConcertHallisnotexcessivebutnotice- able.An0.3secondincreaseinreverberationtimeisadesirable outcomebutcomesatthecostofclarity,whichseesareduction of0.7decibels.Moreover,itispossibletosimulateaconcerthall, havinganARSinstalled,withfairlyrealisticresults.However, inordertocompilethesimulatedimpulseresponse,ascripthad tobecreated–combiningthetransferfunctionsrelatedtoeach componentofthereverberationchainfromsourcetoreceiver, includingallthemicrophonesandloudspeakersoftheARS. Keywords: artificialreverberationsystem(ARS),acousticalmeasurements,concerthall acoustics,acousticalsimulation Referat Akustiken i Stockholms konserthus och artificiella efterklangssystem Utvärdering av Stora salen och simulering av dess elektroniska efterklangssystem Dethärexamensarbetetundersökerpåverkanpådeakustiska egenskapernahosenkonsertlokalorsakadavettartificielltefter- klangssystem.Likasåundersöksmöjligheternaförattsimulera dessaakustiskaegenskaper.GenomattundersökaStockholms konserthus,somnyligeninstalleradeettefterklangssystem,kom- merenbättreförståelseförartificiellaefterklangssystemskapas ochytterligareförbättringarförsimuleringkommerattmöjlig- göras.Denhärstudiengenomförsitvådelar:(1)objektivdata, inhämtadfrånakustiskamätningar,utvärderasbådeinterntoch motandrakonsertlokalersamt(2)genomdatorsimuleringav konsertlokalenochdetelektroniskaefterklangssystemetutvär- derasdeakustiskaegenskaperna. Studienvisarattinverkanpådeakustiskaegenskapernahos Stockholmskonserthusorsakadeavdetartificiellaefterklangs- systemetinteäröverdrivnamennoterbara.Enönskadökning avefterklangstidenmed0.3sekunderuppnåsmendettapåbe- kostnadavattljudetsklarhetminskarmed0.7decibel.Vidareär detmöjligtattsimuleraljudutbredningenienkonsertlokalsom harettefterklangssysteminstalleratmedetttämligenrealistiskt resultat.Förattuppnådettasimuleringsresultatskapasettskript vilketvägersammanallaöverföringsfunktionermellanljudkäl- lanochmottagaren,inklusivedemellanefterklangssystemets mikrofonerochhögtalare. Acknowledgments ThismasterthesisiscarriedoutattheacousticconsultantcompanyACAD-International AB(ACAD);oneofthebiggestindependentconsultingfirmsinitsarea,operatingmostly intheStockholmregion. Thecompanyhasforexamplebeentheacousticdesignersofthe Tele2-arenaandhasforlongworkedwiththeacousticsoftheStockholmConcertHall. IwouldliketostartbythankingmysupervisoratACAD,JoelJohansson,forsharingyour passionaboutconcerthallacousticswithmeandfortheinputofanalyzingsuggestions. Also,athankstoLennartKarlénatACAD,fortheopportunitytoworkwithStockholmCon- certHallandtheinspiringconversationsandlife-storiesconcerningacousticsinsomeway. ThankyouAndersFribergandStenTernström,mysupervisorandmyexamineratKTH, forthehelpofthethesisandthelibertytoexploretheroomacousticsareafurther. Andfinally,thankstoallofmyfriendsandfamilywhohavehelpedandsupportedmein theprocessofcreatingthisthesis. Contents I Introduction 1 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2 Aim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.3 Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.4 Limitationsanddelimitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.5 Choiceofmethodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.6 Structureofthethesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.6.1 Intendedreader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.6.2 Outline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2 Theory 7 2.1 Acousticalparametersofaconcerthall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.1.1 Reverberation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.1.2 Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.1.3 Energyratios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.1.4 Spaciousness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.1.5 Stageparameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.2 Relatedworkregardingacousticalparameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.2.1 ConcertHallsandOperaHouses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.2.2 Matchingsubjectiveperceptionsandobjectiveparameters . . . . . 12 2.2.3 Estimationofparameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.3 Relatedworkregardingreverberationsystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.3.1 Reverberationsystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.3.2 Artificialreverberationsystems,ARS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2.3.3 Sustainability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2.3.4 TheStockholmConcertHall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 II RankingtheStockholmConcertHall 19 3 Theoryofacousticalmeasurementsinconcerthalls 21 3.1 Transferfunctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3.2 Impulseresponsefunction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 3.3 TheARScontribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 4 Method 25 4.1 Implementationmethod. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 4.1.1 Calibrationmethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 4.1.2 Equipmentsetup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 4.1.3 Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 4.2 Analysismethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 4.2.1 Reliabilityofmeasurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 4.2.2 Correlation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 4.2.3 Comparisonofacousticalparameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 5 Results 29 5.1 Calibrationresults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 5.2 Comparisonofthetwosetsofequipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 5.3 TheeffectsoftheARS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 5.4 Comparisonwithotherhalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 6 Discussion 37 6.1 Calibrationdiscussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 6.2 Equipmentandimplementationdiscussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 6.3 DiscussionaboutARSeffect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 6.4 Discussionofranking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 III Simulatinganartificialreverberationsystem 41 7 Theoryofacousticssimulation 43 7.1 Modelingandsimulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 7.2 Imagesourcemethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 7.3 Raytracemethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 8 Method 47 8.1 Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 8.2 Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 8.3 MATLAB-script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 8.4 Analysismethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 9 Results 51 9.1 ReverberationTime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 9.2 EarlyDecayTime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 9.3 Clarity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 10 Discussion 55

Description:
CHRISTOFFER CARLSSON [email protected]. Master Thesis in Speech and Music Communication. Master of Science in Media Technology, Master in
See more

The list of books you might like

Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.