The Abdominal Wall The Digestive Tract The Pancreas The Biliary Tract Peritoneal ...

83 Pages·2010·6.18 MB·English

The abstracts which follow have been classified for the convenience of the reader under
the followingheadings:
Experimental Studies; Animal Tumors The Abdominal Wall
The Cancer Cell The Digestive Tract
General Clinical and Laboratory Observa- The Pancreas
tions The Biliary Tract
Diagnosis and Treatment Peritoneal, Retroperitoneal. and Mesenteric
The Skin Tumors
The Eye The Spleen
The Ear The Female Genital Tract
The Breast The Genito-Urinary Tract
The Oral Cavity and Upper Respiratory The Nervous System
Tract The Bones and Joints
The Salivary Glands The Leukemias, Hodgkin's Disease, Lympho
The Thyroid Gland sarcoma
Intrathoracic Tumors
As with any such scheme of classification, overlapping has been unavoidable. Shall an
article on Cutaneous Melanoma, an Histological Study" be grouped with the articles on
II
Histology or with the Skin Tumors? Shall Traumatic Cerebral Tumors go under Trauma
orThe Nervous System? The reader's choiceislikely to depend upon his personal interests;
an editor may be governed by no such considerations. The attempt has been made, there
fore, to put such articles in the group where they would seem most likely to be sought by
the greatest number. It is hoped that this aim has not been entirely missed.
As abstractors are never perfect, and as the opinions expressed may on occasion seem
to an author not to represent adequately his position, opportunity is offered any such to
submit his own views for publication. The JOURNAL will not only welcome correspondence
of this nature but hopes in the future to have a large number of author abstracts, so that
the writer of a paper may present his subject in his own way.
If readers of this JOURNAL wish to communicate with the writers of articles abstracted
in its pages or to secure reprints, the editorial staff will be glad, so far as possible, to supply
the addresses of these authors. Photostats of original articles will also be furnished, if
desired, to be charged at cost.
150
ABSTRACTS
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES; ANIMAL TUMORS
VariableSensitivity of Different Sites of the Skin of Mice to Carcinogenic Agents, J.
M. TWORT AND C. C. TWORT. J.Path. & Bact. 42: 303-316, 1936.
The interscapular skin of mice is usually more sensitive to carcinogenic agents than
that covering the sacral or abdominal regions, while the soles of the feet are apparently
the most resistant. Animals which are sensitive in one area are usually relatively
sensitive in another area.
\Vhen skin areas of the same animal are compared, it is found that an area which is
more sensitive to the production of benign tumors is usually, but not necessarily,
more sensitive to the production of malignant tumors.
There is no evidence to show that benign tumors per se in one area influence the
production of benign or malignant tumors elsewhere, but there is some evidence that
malignant tumors produced in one area retard the development of malignant tumors
elsewhere. This may be due to the debilitating effect of the first malignant tumor.
Although the average type of tumor varies with different agents, the site of painting
appears to have much less effect in determining the type of tumor.
The application of carcinogenic agents in one area retards tumor formation in
another, the carcinogenic potency being only about one-half to two-thirds that of the
control. The debilitating effect of the agent on the animal is presumably the cause.
Previousapplicationsofoleic acid to a givensitecausean increasein thecarcinogenic
potency of tar when the tar is applied at the same site as the oleic acid. When the
tarredsiteisdifferent to that previously painted witholeic acid thecarcinogenic potency
falls below that of the control. This lowering effect is presumably again due to the
general debilitating effect on the animal of the oleic acid. WM. H. WOGLmr
Relation Between the Growth Rate of Tar Warts in Mice and Their Corresponding
Autografts,J.C. MOTTRAM. J. Path. & Bact. 42: 79-90, 1936.
Continuing his investigations on the natural history of tar warts. the author finds
no close relationship between the growth rate of these warts and that of their auto
grafts. The reason for this appears to be that many tarwartsarecomposedofgroupsof
cells which are not identical in growth capacity, so that, while one part on inoculation
may grow into a benign epithelial cyst, another may result in an epithelioma, or one
part may give rise to a slowly, and another to a rapidly growing epithelioma.
The paper is illustrated by charts, projection drawings, and photomicrographs.
WM. H. WOGLOM
Liposarcoma Produced by 1:2-Benzpyrene, CUSHMAN D. HAAGENSEN AND OTTO F.
KREHBIEL. Am, J. Cancer 27: 474-484,1936.
Haagensen and Krehbiel report the production of five liposarcomas with 1 :2
benzpyrenein a mouseand 4guinea-pigs. Theguinea-pigliposarcomasoccurredamong
a total of 13 animals receiving multiple subcutaneous injections of 1 :2-benzpyrene
and surviving as long as 342 days. Of these animals 5 developed 8 tumors, the other
4 being fibrosarcomata. The authors attribute this high incidence of liposarcoma to
the thick layer of subcutaneous fat present in the guinea-pig and conclude that lipo
sarcoma, at least under the circumstances of their experiment, arises from adult fat
cells as the result of long-continued chemical irritation and stimulation.
Photomicrographs of the tumors produced are included.
Sarcoma Production in Mice by a Single Subcutaneous Injection of a Benzoylamino
Quinoline Styryl Compound, C. H. BROWNING, R. GULBRANSEN, J.S. F. NIVEN.
J.Path. & Bact. 42: 155-159, 1936.
The production ofsarcomais reported in 10outof 19mice that lived more than eight
months after injection of the dye 2 (p-amino styryl) 6 (p-acetylamino benzoylamino)
151
152 ABSTRACTS
quinoline methoacetate, also called styryl 430. In ultraviolet light this substance
presents a reddish fluorescence quite unlike the violet color of the carcinogenic poly
cyclic hydrocarbons investigated by Kennaway and his associates.
There are several outstanding features attending the production of sarcoma by
styryl 430. In the first place the agent is a water-soluble synthetic organic compound
unrelated to the carcinogenicsubstances so far reported. Secondly, one single injection
of an aqueous solution is effective, and thirdly, there is a lack of any immediate local
irritation following its deposition in the tissues.
Experiments are in progress to see whether styryl 430 will produce carcinoma when
applied to the skin, and also whether it has any estrogenic activity.
The article is illustrated by photomicrographs. WM. H. WOGLOM
Trichinosis and Cancer, W. SCHMIDT-LANGE. Trichinose und Krebs, Ztschr. f. Krebs
forsch. 43: 264--271, 1936.
After mentioning the 10 known cases of carcinoma associated with trichinosis in
man and briefly discussing the relation of parasites to malignant tumors, the author
describes a polymorphous-cell sarcoma of the liver in one of a largegroup of white mice
infested during some experimental work on trichinosis. The growth, discovered when
the mouse was killed five days after infestation, had destroyed almost the entire organ
and had metastasized to the spleen. As the animal was but ten months old, and
primary sarcoma of the liver is practically unknown in mice, the author concludes that
the growth was initiated by the parasites.
The article is not illustrated.
[There can be little doubt that the lesion actually was a sarcoma, for the diagnosis
was madein Borst'slaboratoryand confirmed by Fischer-Wasels. Butas all the known
carcinogenic agents require several months to produce their effect, it seems incredible
that the trichinellashould need but five days to cause a tumor involving the whole liver
and metastasizing to the spleen.] W~1. H. WOGLOM
Malignant Tumors in Strains of Mice Refractory to Spontaneous Cancer Following
Combined Hormonal Treatment, A. LACASSAGNE. Turneurs rnalignes, apparues
au cours d'un traitement hormonal combine, chez des Souris appartenant a des
lignees refractaires au cancer sporrtane, Cornpt. rend. Soc. de bio!' 121: 607-609,
1936.
Twolitters of mice from two strainsrefractory to spontaneous carcinoma were given
alternate weeklyinjectionsof 300 international units of estrone benzoatecombined with
anterior pituitary extract.
In one, a female that died about seven and a half months after treatment had been
started. there was found a large mediastinal tumor composed of lymphoid and epider
moid elements and therefore probably of thymic origin. There wasa metastasisin one
kidney. One of the ovaries, which were thickly studded with corpora lutea, contained
a tumor whose cells resembled those of the granulosa closely enough to make one think
of a primary ovarian tumor metastasizing to the thymus. Four litter mates were still
living when the report was written.
A second female, that died after about five months' treatment, had a squamous-cell
carcinoma of the uterus. Four litter mates were still living.
Two litters from a strain in which an occasional neoplasm is observed were injected
in the same way, but no new growths had appeared when the article was written.
The paper is illustrated by a photomicrograph of the uterine tumor.
W~1. H. \\'O(;LOM
Effect of Oestrone Administration on the Mammary Glands of Male Mice of Two
Strains Di1Iering Greatly in their Susceptibility to Spontaneous Mammary Car
cinoma, GEORGIANA M. BONSER. J. Path. & Bact. 42: 169-181, 1936.
Large doses of estrone administered to males of a cancer-susceptible (Little's line
of Bagg albinos) and a cancer-resistant (Little's line of black agoutis, eRA) strain pro
duced in the former a growth of ducts and localized proliferation of acini, with car-
153
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES; ANIMAL TUMORS
cinomain 3cases. In the latter, widespread proliferation of acini and cystic distention
of the ducts resulted, but no carcinoma.
The findings indicate that only mice of known ancestry should be employed for
experiments of this kind.
The article is generously illustrated with photomicrographs. WM. H. \\'OGLOM
Cancerofthe MammaryGlandsInducedin MaleMice ReceivingEstrogenicHormone,
W. U. GARDNER, G. M. SMITH, EDGAR ALLEN AND L. C. STRONG. Arch. Path. 21:
265-272, 1936.
The authors confirm the observations of previous investigators, having produced
mammary cancer after twenty-three weeks in two out of six male litter mates that
received weekly subcutaneous injections of 500 international units of keto-estrin
benzoate. These mice belonged to a strain in which spontaneous mammary cancer
develops in more than 80 per cent of the females. Treatments were begun at the age
of twenty-eight days and continued for 101-199 days.
In one of the mice there were two tumors, both of which were easily transplanted
into other mice of the same strain, but not into two from an unrelated one.
The pattern of mammary growth inducedin other male mice by thesame procedure
was abnormal, in that the growth of the duct system was restricted or stunted and the
mammarylobulesextensivelydeveloped,even to thepointofadenomain certainregions.
Excessive connective tissue was also observed in some portions of the gland.
A footnote says that since the paper was submitted for publication six more mam
mary tumors have arisen in male mice injected with keto-estrin benzoate, at ages
varying from 162 to 362 days and after the administration of 10,OOG-18,000 inter
national units.
Tbe paper is illustrated by 12 photomicrographs. W1tL H. WOGLOM
Development ofSarcomain Male Mice Receiving Estrogenic Hormones, W. U.GARD
NER, G. :\1. SMITH, L. C. STRONG AND EDGAR ALLEN. Arch. Path. 21: 504-508,
1936.
Spindle-cell sarcomasdeveloped in all of 5 male mice from two different litters of the
C strain which had received subcutaneous injections of 10 rat units of theelin daily
3H
for from 68 to 102 days, followed by weekly injections of 500 international units of
keto-estrin benzoate for periods of from twelve to twenty-five weeks. These sarcomas
grew rapidly in the original mice and also after implantation into other mice of the
same strain. WM. H. WOGLOM
Comparison of the Changes Induced by Some Pure Oestrogenic Compounds in the
Mammae and Testes of Mice, HAROLD BURROWS. ]. Path. & Bact. 42: 161-168,
1936.
Changes produced in the mammary glands and testes of mice by several pure
estrogenic compounds are described. Estrone, 9 : 10-dihydroxy-9 : 10-di-11-propyl-9 :
10-dihydro-1 : 2 :5 :6-dibenzanthracene, equilenin, and estrone methyl ether caused
an extension of the mammary duct system with little development of acini and had a
comparatively slight effect on the interstitial tissueof the testis. Equilin and estradiol
caused relatively little extension of the mammary duct system, but induced a vigorous
development of acini and led to pronounced changes in the interstitial tissue of the
testis.
The paper is generously illustrated with photomicrographs. W~1. H. WOGLOM
Localisation of Response to Oestrogenic Compounds in the Organs of Male Mice,
HAROLD BURROWS. ]. Path. & Bact. 41: 423-429, 1935.
The specific action of estrone and certain allied compounds is confined to organs
which (a) in some way serve the purpose of reproduction, (b) are morphologically but
not otherwiseassociated with reproduction (e.g.,male mamma), or (c) are embryological
representatives of the reproductive system (e.g., possible remnants of Muller's duct in
the male).
The epithelial changes induced by estrogens pass through definite successive stages,
154 ABSTRACTS
namely (a) arrest of function, (b) hyperplasia, (c) metaplasia with ultimate keratiniza
tion, (d) suppuration.
Gradients of susceptibility to estrogens are seen. Vestigial cysts, if present, are
first affected, and next the coagulating glands, seminal vesicles, and prostate in that
order. \Vhen the supply of estrogen ceases, recovery in these organs takes place in
the reverse order of their susceptibility. In the coagulating glands, seminal vesicles,
and prostate the metaplasia commences at definite foci, from which it spreads through
the glands. Recovery on cessation of the supply of estrogen takes place in the reverse
order.
Suppuration is a sequel to keratinizing metaplasia; it occurs most readily in those
structures which are the slowest to undergo metaplasia and least readily in those which
respond earliest to estrogenic compounds.
The paperis illustrated by 6 photomicrographs. WM. H. WOGLO}I
Influence of Hormones on Breast Hyperplasia and Tumor Growths in White Rats,
JACOB HEIMAN AND OTTO F. KREHBIEL. Am. J. Cancer 27: 450-473, 1936.
Several series of observations are recorded which indicate that the variations oc
curring in transplanted benign fibro-adenomata of the white rat's breast cannot be
attributed solely to variations in the implant, but that endogenous endocrine factors
in the host probably playa role. An endocrine factor was also indicated by experi
ments on castrated animals, castrated males showing an increase in the rate of growth
and number of takes of transplanted fibro-adenomas, while the tumors in castrated
females showed a diminished growth energy. Injections of antuitrin S and theelin
increased the incidence of tumor growth in both male and female castrates. The
morphology of the transplanted tumor was not changed in animals receiving injections
of antuitrin G, antuitrin S, or theelin, alone or in combination.
In normal rats eighteen months old antuitrin S or antuitrin G in combination with
theelin produced a definite increase in breast hyperplasia, leading to the formation of
benign fibro-adenomata. Transplantation of these fibro-adenomata resulted in growths
closely resembling those arising from transplants of spontaneous fibro-adenoma.
After growing in young sexually immature rats, the transplanted fibro-adenoma
becomes a cellular fibroma or sarcoma. After passing through several generations, the
cellular fibroma or sarcoma retains the same morphology even when implanted in adult
or old animals.
Charts and photomicrographs illustrate this paper. A bibliography is included.
ReactivityofMalignantNeoplasmstoBacterialFiltrates. I. TheEffectofSpontaneous
and InducedInfections on the Growth ofMouse Sarcoma 180, GREGORY SHWARTZ
MAN. Arch. Path. 21: 284-297, 1936.
It has been observed by a number of investigators that bacterial factors capable of
elicitingthe phenomenon oflocal cutaneous reactivity to bacterial filtrates also produce,
on intravenous injection, selective hemorrhagic necrosis in certain transplantable
animal tumors. No such lesions are produced, however, in spontaneous or slowly
growing transplantable neoplasms, malignant tumors rapidly growing in heterologous
hosts, embryomas, or granulomas.
In this paper the author describes the effect of infections upon the development of
mouse sarcoma 180. Spontaneous infection with B. enteritidis and infection induced
with rough B. enteritidis of low virulence were found to exert a striking inhibitory
influenceonthedevelopmentofthisneoplasm. Therewas adefinitecorrelationbetween
theabilityofa filtrate ofa given micro-organism to elicitcutaneousreactivityin rabbits,
and therestrainingeffect of theinfectingmicro-organism on thedevelopmentofsarcoma
180in mice. WM. H. WOGLOM
Reactivity of Malignant Neoplasms to Bacterial Filtrates. II. Relation of Mortality
to Hemorrhagic Necrosis and Regression Elicited by Certain Bacterial Filtrates,
GREGORY SHWARTZMAN. Arch. Path. 21: 509-523, 1936.
Comparativestudieson the lethal effectsofcertain bacterial filtrates on normal mice
and on those bearingtwelve-day-oldsarcoma180showedthatthepreparationsemployed
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES; ANIMAL TUMORS 155
were decidedly more toxic to tumor-bearing than to normal animals. As filtrates that
did not affect the tumor were also highly toxic, it was evident that necrotic and hemor
rhagic reactions in the neoplasm were not directly responsible for the high death rate.
Rather, this appeared to be due to incidental secondary infections.
Attempts were therefore made to obtain preparations that would destroy the tumor
without killing the host. It was found that the addition of homologous neutralizing
horse serum gave decided protection, yet did not interfere with the production of
hemorrhagic necrosis and the subsequent complete regression of the tumor. In one
experiment, regression occurred in 21 of 23surviving mice, as compared with the usual
1.33 per cent of spontaneous regressions noted by the author in this tumor strain.
WM. H. WOGLOM
On the Possible R~le of Diet in Tumour Formation, D. D. CHATTERJEE. J. Indian
M. A. 5: 5-7, 1935.
Seventeen out of 20 white rats fed on autoclaved rice and 6 out of 40 maintained
on a diet that was deficientin vitamin B complex developed papillomatous growths in
the stomach.
Two outof 200pigeons fed on autoclaved and milled rice had papillomatous growths
in the skin.
As a non-hemolytic streptococcus was found in the stomach much more frequently
in rats that had been kept on an incomplete diet, the author suggests that vitamin B
deficiency allows theseorganisms to flourish until ultimately theyinducecellularinfiltra
tion and tumor formation.
The article is illustrated by photomicrographs and photographs of gross specimens.
WM. H. WOGLOM
Influence of Diet on the Growth of Transplanted Tumors. 9th Communication.
Influence of Condiments, W. CASPARI. Ober den Einfluss der Kost auf das Wach
sturn von lmpfgeschwulsten. IX. Mitteilung. Einfluss von Gewilrzstoffen,
Ztschr. f. Krebsforsch. 43: 255-263, 1936.
Freshgarlic, when added to the diet, inhibited definitely the taking and growth of
transplanted mousetumors. Allylmustardoilhad, perhaps,someslightretardingaction,
but thejuice ofgarlicand ofhorse-radish were inertin this respect. WM. H. WOGLOM
On the Effect of a Temporary Stoppage of the Blood Supply of Rat Tumours, H.
CHAMBERS AND G. M. SCOTT. J. Path. &Bact. 42: 265-269, 1936.
Stoppage ofits circulation by from two to four hours' compression often caused the
=
Jensen rat sarcoma to disappear (73 tumors out of 251 30 per cent). Spontaneous
cure is out of the question here, as this tumor regresses but rarely in untreated rats of
the authors' strain. WM. H. WOGLOM
Ezperimental Studies on the Transplantability of Hepatoma Produced by Ortho
n.
amidoazotoluol. Intraperitoneal and Intrahepatic Trausplautation. In1Utrative
Growth and Metastases of Hepatoma Implants, T. hKUBO. Experimentelle
Studien uber die Transplantabilltat des mittelst o-Amidoazotoluols erzeugten
Hepatoms. II. Mitteilung: Intraperitoneale und intrahepatische Transplantation.
Infiltratives Wachstum und Metastasenbildung des subkutan iibertragenen Im
pfhepatorns, Gann 30; 157-169, 1936.
The author has previously reported the successful subcutaneous transplantation of
hepatoma produced in rats by o-amidoazotoluol (Gann 29: 79, 1935. Abst. in Am. J.
Cancer 25: 659, 1935). He now records successful intraperitoneal and intrahepatic
transplantation of these tumors. Of six hepatomas, two were successfully implanted
intraperitoneally. Six subcutaneously and intraperitoneally implanted hepatomas
were re-implanted into 26 rats intraperitoneally and positive results were obtained in
four. These intraperitoneally implanted tumors grew rapidly and infiltrated the
muscles and subcutaneous tissue. In general the tumor localized in the omentum.
In the case of intrahepatic implantation, the author obtained success with one out
156 ABSTRACTS
of four original hepatomas, and two out of four subcutaneously and intrapcritoncally
implanted hepatomas, (15 rats were used). At 103 days after implantation one of the
tumors measured 30 X 2:i X 13 mm. The histologic picture of the intraperitoneal and
intrahepatic tumors was identical with that of the original hepatoma. Transplanted
hepatomas metastasized to the lungs and lymph nodes.
This article is illustrated with seven photographs of gross material and six photo-
micrographs. K. SumURA
Observationsonthe NaturalHealing Phenomena inTransplantableMalignantTumors
from the Standpoint of Diathesis and Their Bearing on the Immunity Problem,
Z. COTO AND S. !\'!IYAMOTO. Gann 30: 170-192, 19.~6.
The authors made 870 transplantations in susceptible mice (group A) and 970 trans
plantations in non-susceptible mice (group B) with the Miyamoto mouse sarcoma, and
obtained 99.5 per cent positive results in the former group and 0.7 per cent in the latter
group. A similar experiment with the Goto mouse sarcomatoid carcinoma on 157
group A and 210 group B mice showed results nearly identical with those obtained with
Miyamoto mouse sarcoma. One thousand and sixty-four non-susceptible mice were
transplanted from two to eight times with the Miyamoto mouse sarcoma or the Goto
mouse sarcomatoid carcinoma, but none of them gave positive growth, although many
of the implants grew for two weeks and then gradually regressed. This phenomenon,
which appears in almost all the cases of first transplantation, gradually decreases with
repetition of transplantation, and finally almost disappears after the fifth transplanta
tion. The author thinks that the group A and group B mice should be regarded as
actually different species from the standpoint of tumor transplantation. The article js
illustrated by three photographs of gross material and four photomicrographs.
K. SUGIURA
Fate of Intravenously Injected Tumor Cells, SHIELDS WARREN AND OLIVE GATES.
Am. ]. Cancer 27: 485-492, 1936.
Warren and Gates, using Walker carcinoma 256 in the Sloniker strain of white
rats, compared the results obtained with artificial and natural suspensions of tumor
cells injected intravenously. The uninjured cells in natural suspension gave earlier
and more numerous pulmonary tumor nodules. The mechanism of establishment of
metastasis was thesame with both types of inocula, the most important factor in metas
tasis being the growth potentiality of the individual cells. Blood was found to have no
toxic effect on tumor cells.
Involvement of extravascular tissue rarely occurred by direct penetration of the
arteriolarwall, but usually by growth through the less resistantcapillary walls. Hyaline
thrombi appeared early and disappeared early without organization. There was no
reaction of the endothelium to tumor tissue.
This paper is illustrated by photomicrographs and a bibliography is appended.
Intermediate Metabolism in Animals Bearing TransplantedTumors, B. PURJESZ AND
S. LAJOS. Ober interrnediare Stoffwechseluntersuchungen an !mpftumortieren,
Ztschr. f. Krebsforsch. 43: 280-283, 1936.
!n rats bearing the]ensen sarcoma disturbances of metabolism were found that
closely resembled the anomalies accompanying experimental infections. The blood
sugar and the total carbohydrates or glycogen in liver and muscle were lowered, while
fats and lipoids were increased. WM. H. WOGLOM
The Brown-PearceRabbitTumoras a Test ObjectforExperimentalCancerResearch,
K. H. BAUER AND K. DECKNER. Der Brown-Pearce-Tumor des Kaninchens als
ein Testobjekt experimenteller Geschwulstforschung, Beitr. z. klin. Chir. 162:
513-533, 1935.
The authors review the biological and histological characteristics of the Brown
Pearcerabbit carcinoma, a growth which they find far more malignant than most human
neoplasms. It is peculiarly adapted to experimental investigation by reason of the
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES; ANIMAL TUMORS 157
ease with which it can be transplanted into almost any breed, its early and extensive
metastasis, and its constant behavior, The growth is best cultivated by the intra
testicular or intravenous inoculation of metastases, other sites (brain, anterior chamber
of the eye, or subcutaneous tissues) being much less suitable.
This tumor is a wholly immature carcinoma of the skin, almost devoid of stroma,
which in conformity with its tempestuous growth soon undergoes necrosis. It metas
tasizes by way both of the lymph channels and the blood stream.
The paper is illustrated by photographs of gross specimens and photomicrographs:
and closes with an extensive bibliography. W?>1. H. \\'OGLOM
Inhibition of Brown-Pearce Rabbit Tumor with Filtered Homologous Tumor Material,
ALBERT E. CASEY. Proc. Soc. Exper. BioI. & Med. 34: 111-112, 1936.
In the course of some experiments with the Brown-Pearce rabbit carcinoma an
unusual inhibitory effect was noted following a single treatment with 0.3 c.c. ofa Berke
feld " V" filtrate of the fresh growth given two weeks before tumor inoculation. In
all sixof the animals thus injected the graft failed, although implantation was successful
in 36other rabbits of thesame source inoculated on the same day with an equal amount
of the same tumor.
Thus the filtrate appears to have contained an inhibitingagentsuggesting that found
in normal tissuesand chicken tumors by various investigators, and attempts to confirm
this preliminary observation are to be undertaken. WM. H. WOGI-OM
The Bone Marrow in Brown-Pearce Carcinomatosis of the Rabbit, JOHN \V. ORR. ].
Path. & Bact. 42: 105-112, 1936.
Hyperplasiaofthe bone marrow was found in everyoneof29rabbits with metastatic
dissemination of the Brown-Pearce carcinoma. This process affected predominantly
the neutrophile granulocytes and their non-granular precursors, and the most advanced
gradeswere associated with a lossoferythropoietictissue. Anemia, without qualitative
alteration in the circulating erythrocytes, frequently accompanied the hyperplasia.
It is suggested that the hyperplasia may be due to continued absorption of necrotic
products from the tumor.
The paper is illustrated by 8 photomicrographs. WM. H. \VOGI-OM
m.
Infectious Fibroma of Rabbits. The Serial Transmission of Virus Myxomatosum
in Cottontail Rabbits, and Cross-Immunity Tests with the Fibroma Virus, RICHARD
E. SHOPE. J.Exper. Med. 63: 33-41, 1936.
Virus myxomatosum, when injected into the testicles of cottontail rabbits, produced
only a localized fibromatous or myxomatous orchitis, quite unlike the acute fatal illness
which it caused in domestic rabbits. Ten serial passages through cottontails during a
period of 140 days did not alter the pathogenicity of the virus for domestic rabbits.
Although it proved impossible to convert the myxoma virus into fibroma virus
by this means, it was found that the cottontail rabbits, after recovery from myxoma,
had developed a solid resistance to infection with the fibroma virus. Furthermore,
theirserum neutralized against both viruses, and a similar cross-immunological relation
ship was observedin domestic rabbits that had survivedan attackofinfectious myxoma.
WM. H. WOGLOM
Infectious Fibroma of Rabbits. IV. The Infection with Virus Myxom,atosum of
Rabbits Recovered from Fibroma, RICHARD E. SHOPE. ]. Exper. Med. 63: 43-57,
1936.
The serial passage of Virus myxomutosum through domestic rabbits that had
recovered from fibroma did not alter its pathogenic properties, whereas that injected
into the testicles of domestic rabbits immune to myxoma was promptly inactivated.
The failure of domestic rabbits that had recovered from fibroma to destroy the
myxoma virus, and the absence from their serum of neutralizing antibodies for this
virus are regarded as evidence against the identity of the fibroma and myxoma viruses.
158 ABSTRACTS
The rapidity with which rabbits that had recovered from fibroma developed neutral
izing antibodies following infection with Virus myxomatosum is considered to be a
possible factor in their acquired resistance.
It is believed on the basis of all the evidence that infectious fibroma of rabbits is a
definite disease entity and not merely a mild form of infectious myxoma.
WM. H. \\'OGLOM
A Change in Rabbit Fibroma Virus Suggesting Mutation.
I. Experiments OD Domestic Rabbits, C. H. ANDREWES. J. Exper. l\led. 63: 157
172. 1936.
n.
Behavior of the Variant Virus in Cottontail Rabbits, RICHARD E. SHOPE. Ibid.
63: 173-178, 1936.
m.
Interpretation of Findings, C. H. ANDREWES AND R. E. SHOPE. Ibid. 63:
179-184, 1936.
In the first of these papers Andrewes reports that strain IA (inflammatory A) of
the Shope rabbit fibroma produced, from the moment when it was received in England,
acute inflammatory lesions very different from the fibromatous growths which it had
originally elicited in Shope's inoculations of American rabbits. Furthermore, many of
the English rabbits developed a generalized pock-like eruption on the skin. A similar
but less extensive change in the virus was noted concomitantly in America by Shope.
The OA (original A) strain, which had been preserved by Shope in glycerol before
the appearance of any inflammatory lesions, produced, in English rabbits, fibroma-like
lesions similar to those which Shope had first described in America. The new inflam
matory strain cross-immunized with the normal virus but not with various others.
Efforts to change one strain into the other were unsuccessful. A third strain, the
"changed strain," which produced mixed inflammatory and fibromatous alterations.
continued to behave in this manner through numerous passages. An artificial mixture
ofinflammatoryand fibromatous viruses behavedin all respects like the changed strain.
Andrewes' paper is illustrated by 3 photomicrographs.
In the second paper of the series Shope describes a variation of the rabbit fibroma
virus in America, similar to but less complete than that observed by Andrewes in
England, by virtue of which it produced inflammatory rather than the original fibro
matous lesions. The transformation occurred at about the eighteenth serial transfer
in American domestic rabbits. Passage of this altered virus through American cotton
tail rabbits resulted in a transient recovery of the capacity to produce fibroma, while
similar passage of Andrewes' inflammatory virus (IA) sent by him from England, was
without effect.
In the third paper the English and the American investigator join in a discussion
of their individual observations. They believe that the "changed virus," which
produces partly fibromatous and partly inflammatory lesions, represents an admixture
of theoriginal fibroma virus (OA) with one (IA) causingonly necroticand inflammatory
lesions. Strain IA isnot a contaminant, but probablyaroseas an abrupt, discontinuous,
and inherited alteration which the authors feel justified in calling a mutation.
As to the nature of this transformation, it is suggested that strain OA attacks the
cells less vigorously, causing them to proliferate but not killing them for someweeks,
whereas the IAstrainattackswithgreatervirulenceoris metby a moreviolentresponse,
so that rapid cell death results. [Seealso Faulknerand Andrewes(Brit. J.Exper. Path.
16: 271, 1935. Abst. in Am. ]. Cancer26: 798, 1936), who tried to test this hypothesis
experirnentally.] WM. H. WOGLOM
n.
Relation of Leukosis to Sarcoma of Chickens. Mixed Osteochondrosarcoma and
Lymphomatosis (Strain 12),J. FURTH. J. Exper, Merl. 63: 127-143, 1936.
An osteochondrosarcoma that developed in a chicken inoculated with leukosis
(Strain 2) gave rise in successive passages by intramuscular transplantation to (a)
osteochondrosarcoma without leukosis. (b) leukosis without osteochondrosarcoma,'or
(c)osteochondrosarcoma with leukosis.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES; ANIMAL TUMORS 159
Thesarcomacellsofthis strain have the morphological characteristicsofosteoblasts.
Implantation of tumor from chickens with lesions (a) and (c) yielded both osteo
chondrosarcoma and leukosis, while blood from chickens with leukosis produced only
leukosis. Henceit is very probable that Strain 12is a mixture of the agent of Strain 2
leukosis with an agent that produces osteochondrosarcoma.
Strain 12 was readily transmitted by material containing the living malignant
osteoblasts, but transfer was seldom successful with virus that had been freed from
living cells by desiccation or by freezing and thawing. This virus produced neoplasms
only when brought into contact with bone or cartilage.
The paper is illustrated by photographs of gross specimens and photomicrographs.
WM. H. WOGLOM
m.
Relation of Leukosis to Sarcoma of Chickens. Sarcomata of Strains 11 and 15
and Their Relation toLeukosis,J. FURTH. J. Exper, Med. 63: 145-155, 1936.
Two transmissible sarcomas of the fowl are described, one (no. 15) of which orig
inated in a chicken injected with neurolymphomatosis of Strain 5. Its virus produces
metastasizing sarcomas that are characterized by peculiar giant cells different from
those of other known chicken sarcomas.
The tumors of Strain 11 resemble the spindle-cell sarcoma of Rous and other in
vestigators. The primary growth occurred in an uninjected control chicken, and the
virus produces sarcoma unassociated with leukosis.
Both strainsare easily transmissible with material freed from viable cells by desicca
tion or filtration, and their virus can be preserved by drying in the frozen state. The
viruses of Strain 1 leukosis and Strain 11 sarcoma retain their identity afterinjection
into the same bird and can be easily re-isolated,
The paperisillustrated with photographsof grossspecimens and photomicrographs.
WM. H. WOGLOM
Attemptsto Growthe AgentofTransmissible FowlLeukemia in Vitro,J. VERNE, CR.
OBERLING AND M. GUERIN. Tentativesde culturein vilrode I'agentde la leucernie
transmissible des poules, Compt. rend. Soc. de biol. 121: 403-405, 1936.
Cultures of bone marrow from leukemic fowls reproduced the disease only three
times 0Ul: of many attempts, and it is probable that these represented a survival of the
etiological agent rather than its multiplication. WM. H. WOGLOM
A Factor in Malignant Tissues Which Increases the Permeability of the Dermis, E.
BOYLAND AND D. MCCLEAN. J. Path. & Bact. 41: 553-565, 1935.
Aqueous extracts of various rapidly growing transplantable mammalian tumors
contain a factor which, on intracutaneous injection into the rabbit, increases the per
meability of the dermis and causes diphtheria toxin or Indiaink to diffuse over a larger
area than it otherwise would. This agent is present in an amount approximately pro
portional to the growth rate of the tumor. The more vigorously growing neoplasms
yielded much larger amounts of the diffusing principle than any normal tissue except
mammalian testis, extracts of which are active in high dilution, as Claude and Duran
Reynals (J. Exper. Med. 60: 457, 1934) had also found.
Extracts of fowl sarcoma No. I, did not increase diffusion in the dermis, whereas
those of the Fujinami myxosarcoma produced an increased diffusion comparable to that
caused by the more vigorous mammalian growths.
Extracts prepared from rat embryo or placenta contained moderate but variable
amounts of the diffusing factor.
The parallelism between growth rate and content of diffusing factor in the different
strainsoftumorssuggests that this factor may control their growth, and it isa matterof
considerable interest that extracts of rapidly dividing normal cells (testis, embryo,
placenta) should contain an agent with the same physiological action as that produced
byextractsofrapidlygrowing tumorsand culturefiltratesofinvasivestrainsofbacteria.
The significance of these observations is discussed. WH. H. WOGLOM