The A-Z guide to food as medicine

392 Pages·2016·4.307 MB·English

by  DerMarderosian, Ara, Kraft, Diane

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Nutrition R
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the A-Z Guide to Food as Medicine M
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The A-Z Guide to Food as Medicine is a dictionary for health care professionals
that indexes more than 250 foods, food groups, nutrients, and phytochemicals,
organized into entries that include:
• Definition, description, use, and unique properties
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• A summary of scientific findings about physiological effects h
• Bioactive dose (when known) e
• Safe consumption information
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Written by a clinical nutritionist and a pharmacognocist, the guide highlights
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bioactive components of foods and physiological effects of nutrients and phyto-

chemicals, according to what is reported in the scientific literature. G
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Given the plethora of pseudoscientific information available, the guide is an i
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authoritative resource that helps readers understand the current evidence base on
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a variety of foods and food constituents, from acai to zucchini, vitamin A to zinc,

and alkaloids to xeaxanthin. It presents and summarizes research findings from t
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more than 1,000 scientific articles and uses the conclusions and recommenda-

the
tions of reputable, peer-reviewed sources. F
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The guide is a significant source of nutrition information, supplying nutrients’ o
A-Z Guide Food
Adequate Intakes or Recommended Dietary Allowances, physiological functions, d
deficiency symptoms, and descriptions of biochemical tests used to assess
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nutrient adequacy. Major categories of health-promoting phytochemicals are to
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addressed, including carotenoids, fatty acids, fibers, flavonoids, glucosino-

lates/indoles/isothiocyanates, phenols, phytoestrogens, plant sterols, prebiotics, M
probiotics, saponins, sulfides, thiols, and terpenoids. Medicine
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This guide serves as an expedient resource for the quick access of fact-based i as
information about foods for both health care professionals and individuals looking c
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to learn more about the medicinal effects of food.
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D i a n e K r a f t
K26416
ISBN: 978-1-4987-3523-0
90000 A r a D e r M a r d e r o s i a n
9 781498 735230

the
A-Z Guide Food
to
Medicine
as
the
A-Z Guide Food
to
Medicine
as
Diane Kraft
Ara DerMarderosian
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
the
A-Z Guide Food
to
Medicine
as
Diane Kraft
Ara DerMarderosian
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2016 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Version Date: 20150914
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4987-3524-7 (eBook - PDF)
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts
have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume
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Contents
Foreword .....................................................................................................xxxix
Preface ................................................................................................................xli
Acknowledgments ..........................................................................................xlv
Authors ..........................................................................................................xlvii
Chapter A ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������1
Açaí berry (Euterpe oleracea) ..............................................................................1
definition ........................................................................................................1
scientific findings ..........................................................................................1
bioactive dose .................................................................................................2
safety ...............................................................................................................2
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) .....................................................................................2
definition ........................................................................................................2
scientific findings ..........................................................................................2
bioactive dose .................................................................................................2
safety ...............................................................................................................2
Allium vegetables ..............................................................................................3
definition ........................................................................................................3
scientific findings ..........................................................................................3
bioactive dose .................................................................................................4
safety ...............................................................................................................4
Allspice (Pimenta dioica) .....................................................................................4
definition ........................................................................................................4
scientific findings ..........................................................................................4
bioactive dose .................................................................................................5
safety ...............................................................................................................5
Almond (Prunus dulcis) ......................................................................................5
definition ........................................................................................................5
scientific findings ..........................................................................................5
bioactive dose .................................................................................................6
safety ...............................................................................................................6
Anise (Pimpinella anisum) ..................................................................................6
definition ........................................................................................................6
v
vi Contents
scientific findings ..........................................................................................6
bioactive dose .................................................................................................6
safety ...............................................................................................................7
Anthocyanins .....................................................................................................7
definition ........................................................................................................7
scientific findings ..........................................................................................7
bioactive dose .................................................................................................7
safety ...............................................................................................................7
Antioxidant .........................................................................................................7
definition ........................................................................................................7
scientific findings ..........................................................................................8
bioactive dose .................................................................................................8
safety ...............................................................................................................8
Apple (Domestica sylvestris) ...............................................................................8
definition ........................................................................................................8
scientific findings ..........................................................................................9
bioactive dose .................................................................................................9
safety ...............................................................................................................9
Apricot (Prunus armeniaca) ..............................................................................10
definition ......................................................................................................10
scientific findings ........................................................................................10
bioactive dose ...............................................................................................10
safety .............................................................................................................10
Artichoke (Cynara scolymus) ............................................................................10
definition ......................................................................................................11
scientific findings ........................................................................................11
bioactive dose ...............................................................................................11
safety .............................................................................................................11
Arugula (Eruca sativa) ......................................................................................12
definition ......................................................................................................12
scientific findings ........................................................................................12
bioactive dose ...............................................................................................12
safety .............................................................................................................12
Asian pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) .............................................................................12
definition ......................................................................................................12
scientific findings ........................................................................................13
bioactive dose ...............................................................................................13
safety .............................................................................................................13
Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) ................................................................13
definition ......................................................................................................13
scientific findings ........................................................................................13
bioactive dose ...............................................................................................14
safety .............................................................................................................14
Astaxanthin ......................................................................................................14
Contents vii
definition ......................................................................................................14
scientific findings ........................................................................................14
bioactive dose ...............................................................................................14
safety .............................................................................................................14
Avocado (Persea americana) ..............................................................................15
definition ......................................................................................................15
scientific findings ........................................................................................15
bioactive dose ...............................................................................................15
safety .............................................................................................................15
References .........................................................................................................15
Chapter B ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������23
Banana (Musa paradisiaca) ................................................................................23
definition ......................................................................................................23
scientific findings ........................................................................................23
bioactive dose ...............................................................................................23
safety .............................................................................................................24
Basil, sweet (Ocimum basilicum) ......................................................................24
definition ......................................................................................................24
scientific findings ........................................................................................24
bioactive dose ...............................................................................................24
safety .............................................................................................................24
Beer .....................................................................................................................24
definition ......................................................................................................24
scientific findings ........................................................................................25
bioactive dose ...............................................................................................25
safety .............................................................................................................25
Beet (Beta vulgaris) ............................................................................................26
definition ......................................................................................................26
scientific findings ........................................................................................26
bioactive dose ...............................................................................................26
safety .............................................................................................................26
β-carotene ..........................................................................................................27
definition ......................................................................................................27
scientific findings ........................................................................................27
safety .............................................................................................................27
β-glucan .............................................................................................................27
definition ......................................................................................................27
scientific findings ........................................................................................27
bioactive dose ...............................................................................................28
safety .............................................................................................................28
Bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) ......................................................................28
definition ......................................................................................................28
scientific findings ........................................................................................29
viii Contents
bioactive dose ...............................................................................................29
safety .............................................................................................................29
Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) .............................................................................29
definition ......................................................................................................29
scientific findings ........................................................................................29
bioactive dose ...............................................................................................29
safety .............................................................................................................30
Black pepper (Piper nigrum) ............................................................................30
definition ......................................................................................................30
scientific findings ........................................................................................30
bioactive dose ...............................................................................................30
safety .............................................................................................................30
Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum, Vaccinium angustifolium) ......................30
definition ......................................................................................................30
scientific findings ........................................................................................30
bioactive dose ...............................................................................................31
safety .............................................................................................................31
Bok choi (Brassica campestris) ..........................................................................31
definition ......................................................................................................32
scientific findings ........................................................................................32
bioactive dose ...............................................................................................32
safety .............................................................................................................32
Boron ..................................................................................................................32
definition ......................................................................................................32
scientific findings ........................................................................................32
bioactive dose ...............................................................................................32
safety .............................................................................................................32
Brassica vegetables (Brassica oleracea) ............................................................33
definition ......................................................................................................33
scientific findings ........................................................................................33
bioactive dose ...............................................................................................34
safety .............................................................................................................34
Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) .........................................................................34
definition ......................................................................................................34
scientific findings ........................................................................................35
bioactive dose ...............................................................................................35
safety .............................................................................................................35
Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) .........................................................35
definition ......................................................................................................35
scientific findings ........................................................................................35
bioactive dose ...............................................................................................35
safety .............................................................................................................36
Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera DC.) ................................36
definition ......................................................................................................36