The A-Z guide to food as medicine

392 Pages·2016·47.358 MB·English

by  DerMarderosian, Ara;Kraft, Diane

K
Nutrition R
A
F
T
•
D
E
R
the A-Z Guide to Food as Medicine M
A
R
D
E
R
O
S
IA
N
The A-Z Guide to Food as Medicine is a dictionary for health care professionals
that indexes more than 250 foods, food groups, nutrients, and phytochemicals,
organized into entries that include:
• Definition, description, use, and unique properties
t
• A summary of scientific findings about physiological effects h
• Bioactive dose (when known) e
• Safe consumption information
A
-
Written by a clinical nutritionist and a pharmacognocist, the guide highlights
Z
bioactive components of foods and physiological effects of nutrients and phyto-

chemicals, according to what is reported in the scientific literature. G
u
Given the plethora of pseudoscientific information available, the guide is an i
d
authoritative resource that helps readers understand the current evidence base on
e
a variety of foods and food constituents, from acai to zucchini, vitamin A to zinc,

and alkaloids to xeaxanthin. It presents and summarizes research findings from t
o
more than 1,000 scientific articles and uses the conclusions and recommenda-

the
tions of reputable, peer-reviewed sources. F
o
The guide is a significant source of nutrition information, supplying nutrients’ o
A-Z Guide Food
Adequate Intakes or Recommended Dietary Allowances, physiological functions, d
deficiency symptoms, and descriptions of biochemical tests used to assess
a
nutrient adequacy. Major categories of health-promoting phytochemicals are to
s
addressed, including carotenoids, fatty acids, fibers, flavonoids, glucosino-

lates/indoles/isothiocyanates, phenols, phytoestrogens, plant sterols, prebiotics, M
probiotics, saponins, sulfides, thiols, and terpenoids. Medicine
e

d
This guide serves as an expedient resource for the quick access of fact-based i as
information about foods for both health care professionals and individuals looking c
i
to learn more about the medicinal effects of food.
n
e
D i a n e K r a f t
K26416
ISBN: 978-1-4987-3523-0
90000 A r a D e r M a r d e r o s i a n
9 781498 735230

the
A-Z Guide Food
to
Medicine
as
the
A-Z Guide Food
to
Medicine
as
Diane Kraft
Ara DerMarderosian
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
the
A-Z Guide Food
to
Medicine
as
Diane Kraft
Ara DerMarderosian
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2016 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Version Date: 20150914
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4987-3524-7 (eBook - PDF)
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts
have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume
responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers
have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to
copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has
not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint.
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmit-
ted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented,
including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system,
without written permission from the publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.
com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood
Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and
registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC,
a separate system of payment has been arranged.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used
only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
and the CRC Press Web site at
http://www.crcpress.com
Contents
Foreword .....................................................................................................xxxix
Preface ................................................................................................................xli
Acknowledgments ..........................................................................................xlv
Authors ..........................................................................................................xlvii
Chapter A ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������1
Açaí berry (Euterpe oleracea) ..............................................................................1
definition ........................................................................................................1
scientific findings ..........................................................................................1
bioactive dose .................................................................................................2
safety ...............................................................................................................2
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) .....................................................................................2
definition ........................................................................................................2
scientific findings ..........................................................................................2
bioactive dose .................................................................................................2
safety ...............................................................................................................2
Allium vegetables ..............................................................................................3
definition ........................................................................................................3
scientific findings ..........................................................................................3
bioactive dose .................................................................................................4
safety ...............................................................................................................4
Allspice (Pimenta dioica) .....................................................................................4
definition ........................................................................................................4
scientific findings ..........................................................................................4
bioactive dose .................................................................................................5
safety ...............................................................................................................5
Almond (Prunus dulcis) ......................................................................................5
definition ........................................................................................................5
scientific findings ..........................................................................................5
bioactive dose .................................................................................................6
safety ...............................................................................................................6
Anise (Pimpinella anisum) ..................................................................................6
definition ........................................................................................................6
v
vi Contents
scientific findings ..........................................................................................6
bioactive dose .................................................................................................6
safety ...............................................................................................................7
Anthocyanins .....................................................................................................7
definition ........................................................................................................7
scientific findings ..........................................................................................7
bioactive dose .................................................................................................7
safety ...............................................................................................................7
Antioxidant .........................................................................................................7
definition ........................................................................................................7
scientific findings ..........................................................................................8
bioactive dose .................................................................................................8
safety ...............................................................................................................8
Apple (Domestica sylvestris) ...............................................................................8
definition ........................................................................................................8
scientific findings ..........................................................................................9
bioactive dose .................................................................................................9
safety ...............................................................................................................9
Apricot (Prunus armeniaca) ..............................................................................10
definition ......................................................................................................10
scientific findings ........................................................................................10
bioactive dose ...............................................................................................10
safety .............................................................................................................10
Artichoke (Cynara scolymus) ............................................................................10
definition ......................................................................................................11
scientific findings ........................................................................................11
bioactive dose ...............................................................................................11
safety .............................................................................................................11
Arugula (Eruca sativa) ......................................................................................12
definition ......................................................................................................12
scientific findings ........................................................................................12
bioactive dose ...............................................................................................12
safety .............................................................................................................12
Asian pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) .............................................................................12
definition ......................................................................................................12
scientific findings ........................................................................................13
bioactive dose ...............................................................................................13
safety .............................................................................................................13
Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) ................................................................13
definition ......................................................................................................13
scientific findings ........................................................................................13
bioactive dose ...............................................................................................14
safety .............................................................................................................14
Astaxanthin ......................................................................................................14
Contents vii
definition ......................................................................................................14
scientific findings ........................................................................................14
bioactive dose ...............................................................................................14
safety .............................................................................................................14
Avocado (Persea americana) ..............................................................................15
definition ......................................................................................................15
scientific findings ........................................................................................15
bioactive dose ...............................................................................................15
safety .............................................................................................................15
References .........................................................................................................15
Chapter B ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������23
Banana (Musa paradisiaca) ................................................................................23
definition ......................................................................................................23
scientific findings ........................................................................................23
bioactive dose ...............................................................................................23
safety .............................................................................................................24
Basil, sweet (Ocimum basilicum) ......................................................................24
definition ......................................................................................................24
scientific findings ........................................................................................24
bioactive dose ...............................................................................................24
safety .............................................................................................................24
Beer .....................................................................................................................24
definition ......................................................................................................24
scientific findings ........................................................................................25
bioactive dose ...............................................................................................25
safety .............................................................................................................25
Beet (Beta vulgaris) ............................................................................................26
definition ......................................................................................................26
scientific findings ........................................................................................26
bioactive dose ...............................................................................................26
safety .............................................................................................................26
β-carotene ..........................................................................................................27
definition ......................................................................................................27
scientific findings ........................................................................................27
safety .............................................................................................................27
β-glucan .............................................................................................................27
definition ......................................................................................................27
scientific findings ........................................................................................27
bioactive dose ...............................................................................................28
safety .............................................................................................................28
Bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) ......................................................................28
definition ......................................................................................................28
scientific findings ........................................................................................29
viii Contents
bioactive dose ...............................................................................................29
safety .............................................................................................................29
Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) .............................................................................29
definition ......................................................................................................29
scientific findings ........................................................................................29
bioactive dose ...............................................................................................29
safety .............................................................................................................30
Black pepper (Piper nigrum) ............................................................................30
definition ......................................................................................................30
scientific findings ........................................................................................30
bioactive dose ...............................................................................................30
safety .............................................................................................................30
Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum, Vaccinium angustifolium) ......................30
definition ......................................................................................................30
scientific findings ........................................................................................30
bioactive dose ...............................................................................................31
safety .............................................................................................................31
Bok choi (Brassica campestris) ..........................................................................31
definition ......................................................................................................32
scientific findings ........................................................................................32
bioactive dose ...............................................................................................32
safety .............................................................................................................32
Boron ..................................................................................................................32
definition ......................................................................................................32
scientific findings ........................................................................................32
bioactive dose ...............................................................................................32
safety .............................................................................................................32
Brassica vegetables (Brassica oleracea) ............................................................33
definition ......................................................................................................33
scientific findings ........................................................................................33
bioactive dose ...............................................................................................34
safety .............................................................................................................34
Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) .........................................................................34
definition ......................................................................................................34
scientific findings ........................................................................................35
bioactive dose ...............................................................................................35
safety .............................................................................................................35
Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) .........................................................35
definition ......................................................................................................35
scientific findings ........................................................................................35
bioactive dose ...............................................................................................35
safety .............................................................................................................36
Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera DC.) ................................36
definition ......................................................................................................36