The 21st Century — Turning Point for the Northern Sea Route?: Proceedings of the Northern Sea Route User Conference, Oslo, 18–20 November 1999

312 Pages·2000·9.599 MB·English

by  Kåre Willoch (auth.), Claes Lykke Ragner (eds.)

THE 21 ST CENTURY - TURNING POINT FOR THE
NORTHERN SEA ROUTE?
THE NORTHERN SEA ROUTE
USER CONFERENCE
OSLO, NORWAY, 18-20 NOVEMBER 1999
Organizers:
The Fridtjof N ansen Institute
Lysaker, Norway
Ship & Ocean Foundation
Tokyo, Japan
Central Marine Research and Design Institute
St. Petersburg, Russia
THE 21 ST CENTURY - TURNING POINT FOR THE
NORTHERN SEA ROUTE?
PROCEEDINGS OF THE
NORTHERN SEA ROUTE USER CONFERENCE,
OSLO, 18-20 NOVEMBER 1999
Editor
Claes Lykke Ragner
The Fridtjof Nansen Institute, Lysaker, Norway
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-90-481-5479-1 ISBN 978-94-017-3228-4 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-3228-4
Printed an acid-free paper
The front cover shows the painting "Northeast", especially made for the Conference by the
Norwegian artist Ăke Berg. The Editor wishes to thank Ăke Berg for his generous gift, and
for allowing us to reproduce it on the cover page of these Conference Proceedings.
© Ăke Berg (cover illustration)
© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Original1y published by K1uwer Academic Publishers in 2000
Central Marine Research and Design Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.
Contents
Notes on Contributors Xl
Abbreviations xxi
Foreword xxvii
by Claes Lykke Ragner
Introduction: The Northern Sea Route - What is it, and why should
the international maritime community care about it? xxix
by Claes Lykke Ragner
Session 1: Opening Session 1
Opening Remarks 3
by Kare Willoch
Welcoming Address 5
by Yohei Sasakawa
Opening Speech: International Shipping on the Northern Sea Route -
Russia's Perspective 7
by Sergey O. Frank
Opening Speech: Increased International Use of the Northern Sea Route-
Norway's Perspective 15
by Lars Sponheim
Opening Speech 17
by Tadakiyo Nomura
Opening Address 19
by Artur Chilingarov
Greeting to the Conference 21
from Nikolay Aksyonenko
Introduction to Northern Sea Route History and INSROP's Background 23
by Vsevolod I. Peresypkin
Session 2: The Northern Sea Route Basics: What is Known?
What is Needed? What is Possible? 33
What do we need? The Shipping Industry's Views on the Northern Sea Route's
Potential and Problems 35
by Rolf Srether
What do we know about the Northern Sea Route? INSROP's Theoretical and
Applied Research Design: Operational Features 39
by Willy 0streng
vi Contents
What Can We Offer? -
Russia is Optimistic about the Future of the Northern Sea Route 51
by Nikolay 1. Matushenko
Session 3: INSROP's Main Findings 55
Natural Conditions, Ice Navigation and Ship Design - Pushing the Limits 57
by Lawson W. Brigham
Northern Sea Route Activities - Environmental Assessments 63
by Kjell A. Moe
The NSR's Commercial Potential and Restraints 71
by Michael Tamvakis
Strategic, Legal and Political Implications of International Shipping on the NSR 75
by Willy 0streng
Session 4: The INSROP Simulation Study 87
Presentation ofINSROP's Simulation Study of Northern Sea Route Shipping 89
by Hiromitsu Kitagawa
The Chosen Simulation Routes and Their Ice Conditions 91
by Vladimir Vasilyev
Legal and Environmental Evaluation of Selected Routes along the Northern Sea
Route 97
by Gennady N. Semanov
Results of the Simulation Study: Under Which Scenario is Northern Sea Route
Navigation Economically Feasible? 105
by Kazuhiko Kamesaki
Session 5: The Commercial Advantages and Disadvantages ofthe
Northern Sea Route 111
Transiting the Northern Sea Route: Shipping and Marine Insurance Interests 113
by Edgar Gold
The Potential for Transit Operations on the Northern Sea Route 123
by Trond R. Ramsland
Marine Transport of Oil and Gas from Northwest Russia to the European Union 133
by Jose L. Anselmo
The Northern Sea Route Tariff System - Present Practice and Future
Requirements - The ARCDEV Experience 135
by Ivan Ivanov
Will Russia's Arctic Oil be Exported by Sea? 147
by Asbj"m Sreb"e
Contents vii
Session 6: Actual Experience of Northern Sea Route Navigation 151
The Real Face of Northern Sea Route Shipping 153
by Alexander P. Ushakov
Suggestions for Future Northern Sea Route Shipping Based on a Northern Sea
Route Experience 157
by Juha SaaviUii
Section 7: Technology and Infrastructure for the NSR 161
A Foreign Company's View of Northern Sea Route Technology and
Infrastructure - Perceived Problems and Uncertainties 163
by Makoto Shinagawa
Russian Ice Information Services in the Future 169
by V. Smimov, I. Frolov, V. Grishchenko and E. Mironov
Future Development of Northern Sea Route Ship Design - Technology and Pricel77
by Kimmo Juurmaa
Russian Experience in Ensuring Regular Navigation along the Northern
Sea Route 185
by Vyacheslav Ruksha
Session 8: Securing a Stable, Profitable and Responsible
Administrative Regime for the Northern Sea Route -
Political Problems to be Solved 189
What does the Shipping Industry Expect as to Administration of the Northern
Sea Route? 193
by Ronald Bergman
The Future Structure of Northern Sea Route Administration and Operations 195
by Anatoly G. Gorshkovsky and Vladimir V. Mikhailichenko
Financing of the Northern Sea Route Infrastructure:
Russian Resolve and Possible International Contributions 197
by Robert N. North
The Arctic Environment and the Indigenous Peoples 205
by Alona A. Yefunenko
The Legal Regime of the Northern Sea Route -
a u.S.lRussian Dispute with a Potential to Stop Foreign Ships? 209
by R. Douglas Brubaker
Sessions 9 and 10: Parallel Workshops 213
Workshop 1: Transit Traffic on the Northern Sea Route: Cargo Potential and
Commercial Viability vs. Suez, the Trans-Siberian Railway and Other
Alternatives 215
Summary by Edgar Gold
viii Contents
Workshop 2: Future Northern Sea Route Operations in a Changing
Environment: Icebreaking, Ice Information, and Navigation Requirements 217
Summary by Lawson W. Brigham and Steven G. Sawhill
Workshop 3: How can large-scale Northern Sea Route Navigation be made
Compatible with International and Russian Standards for Environmental
Protection and Protection of Local Indigenous Peoples? 219
Summary by Gail Osherenko and Henning Simonsen
Workshop 5: Marine Transport of Oil and Gas from Northwest Russia 223
Summary by Arild Moe
Workshop 6: Construction and Navigation ofIcebreaking Cargo Ships
for the Northern Sea Route 225
Summary by Hirornitsu Kitagawa
Workshop 7: Profitable and Stable Administration of the Northern Sea Route:
How can it be secured? 229
Summary by Douglas Brubaker
Session 11: Closing Session 231
Closing Address 233
by Eisuke Kudo
Summing Up the Northern Sea Route User Conference-
The Shipping Industry's Perspective 235
by Dagfinn Lunde
Summing Up the Northern Sea Route User Conference -
The Russian Perspective 239
by Nikolay I. Matushenko
The Way Ahead for the Northern Sea Route: A Possible Strategy 241
by Willy 0streng
Special Session: The Northern Sea Route's Importance for the
Development of the Northern Russian Regions 247
The Murmansk Region - Russian Northern Gateway to the Arctic 249
by Yury A. Yevdokimov
Significance of the Northern Sea Route for the Development of the Northern
Territories of Russia 251
by Anatoly A. Yefremov
The Significance of the Northern Sea Route for the Development of
Krasnoyarsk Territory 255
by Gennadiy I. Mikichura
Selected Additional Papers: 259
INSROP GIS 261
by Stig Magnar Lsvas and Odd Willy Brode
Contents IX
Arctic Sea Ice Reduction - Implications for the Northern Sea Route 265
by O.M. Johannessen, M.W. Miles, H. Drange, G. Evensen, K.A. Lisreter and
S. Sandven
The Northern Sea Route and Its Impact on the Indigenous Peoples of the
Russian North 271
by Aleksander V. Evai
The Northern Sea Route - Main Route for Oil and Gas of the Twenty-fIrst
Century 275
by Ya.P. Malovitsky, K.A. Dolgunov, N.N. Martirosyan, E.Ya. Kropp and
V.V. Kudelkin
Commercial Advantages and Disadvantages of the Northern Sea Route-
Introductory Note 279
by John C. Lyras
Transit TraffIc on the Northern Sea Route: Cargo Potential and Commercial
Viability via Suez, the Trans-Siberian Railroad and Other Alternatives 281
by Antony S. Nunn
Marine Transport Systems for Oil Export from the Prirazlomnoye Oil Field
in the Barents Sea 285
by Mikhail Yu. Basarygin, Vyacheslav P. Kuznetsov, Yury A. Simonov, and Yury I.
Soldatov
Norilsk Nickel and the Northern Sea Route 291
by Jokves I. Rozenberg
Appendix I: INSROP Bibliography 293
Appendix II: Map of the Northern Sea Route 307