The 2018 and 2019 Indonesian Elections: Identity Politics and Regional Perspectives

221 Pages·2020·4.162 MB·English

by  Leonard C. Sebastian, Alexander R. Arifianto

The 2018 and 2019
Indonesian Elections
The 2018/2019 Indonesian elections were among the most divisive elections in
Indonesian history, where identity politics and ethno-religious sentiments were
prevalent not just during the 2019 presidential election, but also during the 2018
regional executive elections as well. Contributors to this edited volume analysed
the dynamics between identity politics, national and local politics and produce
findings and insights that will inform prospective readers regarding the future of
identity politics and how it may affect Indonesian politics for the intermediate
future.
This book is an up-to-date study addressing contemporary Indonesian politics
that should be read by Indonesian Studies and more broadly Southeast Asian
Studies specialists. It is also a useful reference for those studying Electoral Pol-
itics, Religion and Politics, and Comparative Politics.
Leonard C. Sebastian is Associate Professor and Coordinator of the Indonesia
Programme at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS),
Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore. He is also Professor
(Adjunct), Institute for Governance and Policy Analysis, University of Canberra.
Alexander R. Arifianto is a Research Fellow with the Indonesia Programme,
Institute for Defence and Strategic Studies, S. Rajaratnam School of Inter-
national Studies (RSIS) – Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
Routledge Contemporary Southeast Asia Series
The aim of this series is to publish original, high-quality work by both new and
established scholars on all aspects of Southeast Asia.
Tourism and Development in Southeast Asia
Edited by Claudia Dolezal, Alexander Trupp and Bui T. Huong
Ethnographies of Development and Globalization in the Philippines
Emergent Socialities and the Governing of Precarity
Edited by Koki Seki
The Political Economy of Growth in Vietnam
Between States and Markets
Guanie Lim
ASEAN and Power in International Relations
ASEAN, the EU, and the Contestation of Human Rights
Jamie D. Stacey
The Army and Ideology in Indonesia
From Dwifungsi to Bela Negara
Muhamad Haripin, Adhi Priamarizki and Keoni Indrabayu Marzuki
The 2018 and 2019 Indonesian Elections
Identity Politics and Regional Perspectives
Edited by Leonard C. Sebastian and Alexander R. Arifianto
Embodied Performativity in Southeast Asia
Multidisciplinary Corporealities
Edited by Stephanie Burridge
For more information about this series, please visit: www.routledge.com/Routledge-
Contemporary-Southeast-Asia-Series/book-series/RCSEA
The 2018 and 2019
Indonesian Elections
Identity Politics and Regional
Perspectives
Edited by Leonard C. Sebastian
and Alexander R. Arifianto
First published 2021
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2021 selection and editorial matter, Leonard C. Sebastian and Alexander R.
Arifianto; individual chapters, the contributors
The right of Leonard C. Sebastian and Alexander R. Arifianto to be identified
as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual
chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised
in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or
hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information
storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered
trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to
infringe.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record has been requested for this book
ISBN: 978-0-367-46780-7 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-03100-0 (ebk)
Typeset in Times New Roman
by Wearset Ltd, Boldon, Tyne and Wear
Contents
List of figures vii
List of tables viii
Notes on contributors x
Acknowledgements xii
List of abbreviations xiv
1 Introduction: the 2018 and 2019 Indonesian
elections – identity politics and regional perspectives 1
LEONARD C. SEBASTIAN AND ALEXANDER R. ARIFIANTO
2 Indonesia’s 2019 presidential election: does policy
still matter? 17
JAMES GUILD
3 The 2018 simultaneous regional elections and 2019
simultaneous national elections in West Java province 34
KEONI MARZUKI AND CHAULA R. ANINDYA
4 The 2018 simultaneous regional elections and 2019
simultaneous national elections in East Java province 56
ALEXANDER R. ARIFIANTO
5 Aliran politics, political jihad, and disappointment:
notes for Muslim Javanese in the pre- and post-2019
general election in Central Java 75
SYAFIQ HASYIM
6 The 2018 simultaneous regional elections and 2019
simultaneous national elections in North Sumatra:
different facades of identity politics 90
TIOLA AND ADHI PRIMARIZKI
vi Contents
7 West Sumatra in the 2019 general election:
the past in shaping the region’s identity 108
ADRI WANTO AND LEONARD C. SEBASTIAN
8 The 2018 and 2019 elections in South Sulawesi:
Jusuf Kalla’s decline and the return of Islamists 128
DEDI DINARTO AND ANDAR NUBOWO
9 The 2018/2019 simultaneous elections in West Kalimantan
province and its aftermath: historical legacies, identity
politics, and the politics of partition 145
JONATHAN CHEN
10 Electoral politics in Sumba: the persistence of tradition 167
CHRIS LUNDRY
11 Conclusion: what have we learned? 185
LEONARD C. SEBASTIAN AND ALEXANDER R. ARIFIANTO
Index 193
Figures
2.1 Central government transfers to district governments
in Java 2010–2018 24
2.2 Non-oil and gas exports to Java island, 2014–2018 25
2.3 Percentage of poor population in the three largest Javanese
provinces, 2012–2018 27
3.1 Map of West Java and its sub-regions 37
3.2 West Java gubernatorial election polling and official
election results 42
3.3 Regencies and municipalities in which each presidential
candidates win 51
9.1 The three candidate pairs in a local newspaper 149
Tables
2.1 Summary of mega-power projects under development
as part of 35,000 MW Programme 20
2.2 Summary of vote totals in 2014 and 2019 presidential
elections by province 21
2.3 Annual percentage growth in regional GDP at 2010 constant
prices 24
2.4 Foreign direct investment (in millions USD) 25
2.5 Domestic investment (in billions IDR) 25
2.6 DPR delegates according to province and membership
in presidential coalitions 29
2.7 DPRD I delegates according to province and membership
in presidential coalitions 29
2.8 2018 provincial demographics, according to ethnicity
and religion 30
3.1 2018 West Java gubernatorial candidates 40
3.2 2018 West Java gubernatorial election results at municipality
and regency level 43
3.3 2019 legislative election results – national parliament (DPR) 49
3.4 2019 presidential election results in West Java province 50
4.1 Provincial legislation (DPRD I) seats in East Java
(2014 vs. 2019) 59
4.2 2019 presidential election results in East Java, by districts
and cities 69
4.3 Results of East Java election (by sub-region) 71
6.1 2019 North Sumatra gubernatorial elections results by city/district 99
6.2 2019 presidential elections result and 2019 local legislative
election winners 100
6.3 Comparison between 2018 gubernatorial elections and 2019
presidential elections 103
7.1 National PDI-P DPR seats and vote for candidates supported
by PDI-P 114
7.2 Provincial legislative seats acquisition by PDI-P in
West Sumatra 115
Tables ix
7.3 Grievances of West Sumatra-based Islamic activists
against Jokowi 123
8.1 Regional House of Representatives’ seats in South
Sulawesi (2014 vs. 2019) 131
9.1 Ethnic groups in West Kalimantan 147
9.2 Regencies that voted for Sutarmidji–Norsan 156
9.3 Regencies that voted for Karolin–Gidot 157
9.4 2019 presidential election in West Kalimantan 158
9.5 2014 and 2019 legislative election results in West Kalimantan 159
10.1 Votes for major parties in East Sumba, DPRD–Kabupaten,
2014 and 2019 175
10.2 Votes for major parties in East Sumba, DPR–RI,
2014 and 2019 175
10.3 Presidential election results from non-Muslim
majority provinces 177
10.4 2019 presidential election results from kabupaten
in Sumba 177
10.5 2019 presidential election results from Waingapu City 178