Textbook of Surgical Oncology PDF
Preview Textbook of Surgical Oncology
TEXTBOOK OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY Edited by Graeme J Poston MB BS MS FRCS (Eng) FRCS (Ed) Head of Division of Surgery University Hospital Aintree Liverpool UK R Daniel Beauchamp MD Section of Surgical Sciences Vanderbilt University Hospital Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN USA Theo J M Ruers MD PhD Surgeon Department of Surgery The Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital Amsterdam The Netherlands © 2007 Informa UK Ltd First published in the United Kingdom in 2007 by Informa Healthcare, Telephone House, 69-77 Paul Street, London EC2A 4LQ. Informa Healthcare is a trading division of Informa UK Ltd. Registered Office: 37/41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH. Registered in England and Wales number 1072954. Tel: +44 (0)20 7017 5000 Fax: +44 (0)20 7017 6699 Website: www.informahealthcare.com All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP. Although every effort has been made to ensure that all owners of copyright material have been acknowledged in this publication, we would be glad to acknowledge in subsequent reprints or editions any omissions brought to our attention. Although every effort has been made to ensure that drug doses and other information are presented accurately in this publication, the ultimate responsibility rests with the prescribing physician. Neither the publishers nor the authors can be held responsible for errors or for any consequences arising from the use of information contained herein. For detailed prescribing information or instructions on the use of any product or procedure discussed herein, please consult the prescribing information or instructional material issued by the manufacturer. A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Data available on application ISBN-10: 1 84184 625 2 ISBN-13: 978 1 84184 507 4 Distributed in North and South America by Taylor & Francis 6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW, (Suite 300) Boca Raton, FL 33487, USA Within Continental USA Tel: 1 (800) 272 7737; Fax: 1 (800) 374 3401 Outside Continental USA Tel: (561) 994 0555; Fax: (561) 361 6018 Email: [email protected] Distributed in the rest of the world by Thomson Publishing Services Cheriton House North Way Andover, Hampshire SP10 5BE, UK Tel: +44 (0)1264 332424 Email: [email protected] Composition by Exeter Premedia Services Private Ltd., Chennai, India Printed and bound by Replica Press Pvt Ltd. Contents List of contributors vii Preface xiii Acknowledgments xv Color plate xvii SECTION I GENERAL PRINCIPLES 1. Is there a surgical oncology? 1 Graeme J Poston 2. Principles of quality control in surgical oncology 5 Theo Wiggers 3. Principles of adjuvant radiotherapy 11 Pooja Jain, Azeem Saleem and Pat Price 4. Principles of chemotherapy 21 Emily Chan and Jordan D Berlin 5. Designing clinical trials in surgical oncology: the importance of quality assurance 33 Marcel den Dulk, Elma Meershoek-Klein Kranenbarg and Cornelis J H van de Velde 6. Palliative care in surgical oncology 41 Iain Lawrie and Mari Lloyd-Williams 7. Communication and psychological needs of the cancer surgery patient 49 Clare Byrne and Graeme J Poston SECTION II HEAD AND NECK 8. Oropharynx 61 J Matthew Conoyer and James L Netterville iii iv Contents SECTION III THORACIC 9. Lung and bronchus 77 Joe B Putnam 10. Esophagus 93 Joseph B Zwischenberger, Daina W Parker, Casey M Smólarz, Kristin Kucera, and Brent C Parker SECTION IV BREAST 11. Screen-detected breast cancer 105 Emiel J T Rutgers 12. Symptomatic breast cancer 113 Megan Baker Ruppel and David J Cole 13. Oncoplastic surgery for breast cancer 127 Judy C Boughey, Kelly K Hunt and Elisabeth K Beahm SECTION V GASTROENTEROLOGY 14. Gastric cancer 147 David J Joyce and Peter McCulloch 15. Small bowel and appendiceal tumors 157 Sarah T O'Dwyer 16. Cancer of the colon, rectum and anus 165 Nipun B Merchant, Alexander A Parikh, Carl R Schmidt and R Daniel Beauchamp 17. Pancreatic cancer and ampullary carcinoma 189 Dirk J Gouma, W L Vervenne and O R C Busch 18. Hepatocellular carcinoma 205 Dario Ribero, Eddie K Abdalla and Jean-Nicolas Vauthey 19. Carcinoma of the biliary tree and gallbladder 217 George Miller and William R Jarnagin 20. Liver metastases 239 Theo JM Ruers SECTION VI UROLOGY 21. Kidney renal cell carcinoma 249 Melissa R Kaufman, Michael S Cookson and Sam S Chang 22. Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and upper tracts 259 William T Lowrance, Sam S Chang and Michael S Cookson 23. Prostate cancer 271 Philip A Cornford and Daniel M Burke 24. Testicular tumors 287 Mark Fordham and Peter Clark Contents v SECTION VII GYNECOLOGY 25. General principles of gynecological oncology for the general surgeon 295 Robert E Kingston SECTION VIII SKIN 26. Squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma of the skin 303 J J Bonenkamp 27. Melanoma 311 Charles R Scoggins and Kelly M McMasters SECTION IX ENDOCRINE 28. Adrenal tumors 327 Barney Harrison and Sabapathy P Balasubramanian 29. Thyroid cancer 339 Douglas Fraker 30. Parathyroid carcinoma/malignancy 353 Alison Waghorn 31. Neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract 363 Menno R Vriens and Inne H M Borel Rinkes SECTION X SARCOMA 32. Soft tissue sarcoma 369 Andrew J Hayes and Isaac M Cranshaw 33. Skeletal malignancies 379 Ginger E Holt and Herbert S Schwartz SECTION XI BRAIN TUMORS 34. Neurosurgical oncology: neoplasms of the brain and meninges 393 Charles B Stevenson and Reid C Thompson Index 411 Contributors Eddie K Abdalla J J Bonenkamp MD P h D Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery Radboud University Medical Centre M D Anderson Cancer Center Department of Surgery Houston, TX Nijmegen USA The Netherlands Megan Baker Ruppel MD Inne H M Borel Rinkes MD P hD Department of Surgery Department of Surgery Medical University of South Carolina University Medical Center Charleston, SC Utrecht USA The Netherlands Sabapathy P Balasubramanian M BBS MS F RCSEd Judy C Boughey MD Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology Department of Surgery University of Sheffield The Mayo Clinic Sheffield Rochester, MN UK USA Elisabeth K Beahm MD FACS Daniel M Burke MB BS FRCS (U rol) Professor, Departments of Surgical Oncology and Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Liverpool The University of Texas UK MD Anderson Center Houston, TX O R C Busch USA Department of Surgery R Daniel Beauchamp MD Department of Medical Oncology Academic Medical Centre from the Section of Surgical Sciences University of Amsterdam Vanderbilt University Hospital Amsterdam Vanderbilt University Medical Center The Netherlands. Nashville, TN USA Clare Byrne M S c RN Jordan D Berlin M D Liverpool Supra-Regional Hepatobiliary Unit Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center University Hospital Aintree Nashville, TN Liverpool USA UK vii viii List of Contributors Emily Chan M D P h D Mark Fordham FRCS Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center Royal Liverpool University Hospital Nashville, TN Liverpool USA UK Sam S Chang MD Douglas Fraker MD Vanderbilt University Medical Center Department of Surgery Nashville, TN Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania USA Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA Peter Clark MA MD FRCP Clatterbridge Centre for Oncology Liverpool Dirk J Gouma M D UK Professor and Chairman of the Department of Surgery Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam David J Cole M D The Netherlands Department of Surgery Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC Andrew J Hayes P h D FRCS Melanoma and Sarcoma Unit USA Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust London J Matthew Conoyer M D PhD UK Department of Otolaryngology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Barney Harrison MS FRCS Nashville, TN Royal Hallamshire Hospital USA Sheffield UK Michael S Cookson MD Department of Urologic Surgery Ginger E Holt MD Vanderbilt University Medical Center Vanderbilt Orthopaedic Institute Nashville, TN Nashville, TN USA USA Philip A Cornford B Sc (hons) M B BS (hons) Kelly K Hunt M D FACS FRCS (Urol) M D FEBU Department of Surgical Oncology Department of Urology University of Texas Royal Liverpool University Hospital M D Anderson Cancer Center Prescot Street Houston, TX Liverpool USA UK Pooja Jain MRCP F RCR Isaac M Cranshaw MBC h B F RACS Academic Department of Radiation Oncology Surgical Oncology Christie Hospital NHS Trust Royal Marsden Hospital Withington London Manchester UK UK Marcel den Dulk MD William R Jarnagin MD F ACS Department of Surgery Department of Surgery Leiden University Medical Center Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Leiden New York, NY The Netherlands USA List of Contributors ix David J Joyce MD Kelly M McMasters MD P h D Resident in Surgery Department of Surgery Baltimore, MD University of Louisville USA Louisville, KY USA Melissa R Kaufman M D P h D Department of Urologic Surgery Nipun B Merchant MD Vanderbilt University Division of Surgical Oncology Nashville, TN Vanderbilt University Medical Center USA Nashville, TN USA Robert E Kingston B S c M BC h B F RCS ( E ng) F RCOG Department of Gynecological Oncology George Miller M D Liverpool Women's Hospital Department of Surgery Liverpool Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center UK New York NY Kristin Kucera B S USA University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, TX James L Netterville M D USA Department of Otolaryngology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Elma Meershoek-Klein Kranenbarg MS c Nashville, TN Department of Surgery USA Leiden University Medical Center Leiden Sarah T O'Dwyer The Netherlands Christie Hospital NHS Trust Iain Lawrie M B C h B D ip M ed E d MRCGP Manchester Palliative Medicine UK The Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Leeds Alexander A Parikh M D UK Department of Surgery Division of Surgical Oncology Mari Lloyd-Williams M D FRCP FRCGP M Med Sci ILTM Vanderbilt University Medical Center Palliative Medicine Nashville, TN Academic Palliative and Supportive Care USA Studies Group (APSCSG) School of Population, Community and Behavioural Sciences Brent C Parker PhD University of Liverpool Radiation Oncology Liverpool University of Texas Medical Branch UK Galveston, TX USA William T Lowrance M D Department of Urologic Surgery Daina W Parker BS Vanderbilt University Medical Center University of Texas Medical Branch Nashville, TN Galveston, TX USA USA Peter McCulloch M D FRCSEd Nuffield Department of Surgery Graeme J Poston MB BS M S FRCS ( E ng) F RCS (Ed) University of Oxford Head of Division of Surgery The John Radcliffe Hospital University Hospital Aintree Oxford Liverpool UK UK
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