Textbook of Pleural Diseases (Hodder Arnold Publication) - 2nd edition PDF
Preview Textbook of Pleural Diseases (Hodder Arnold Publication) - 2nd edition
Textbook of Pleural Diseases This page intentionally left blank Textbook of Pleural Diseases Second edition Richard W Light MD FCCP Professor of Medicine Vanderbilt University Nashville, Tennessee, USA and YC Gary Lee MBChB PhD FRACP FCCP Consultant Chest Physician and Senior Lecturer Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine and University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Research Team Leader Centre for Respiratory Research, University College London, London, UK; and Honorary Associate Professor University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia First published in Great Britain in 2003 by Arnold This second edition published in 2008 by Hodder Arnold, an imprint of Hodder Education, an Hachette UK Company 338 Euston Road, London NW1 3BH www.hoddereducation.com 2008 Hodder & Stoughton Ltd © All rights reserved. Apart from any use permitted under UK copyright law, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form, or by any means with prior permission in writing of the publishers or in the case of reprographic production in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. In the United Kingdom such licences are issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency: Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London, EC1N 8TS. Whilst the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the author[s] nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. In particular (but without limiting the generality of the preceding disclaimer) every effort has been made to check drug dosages; however it is still possible that errors have been missed. Furthermore, dosage schedules are constantly being revised and new side-effects recognized. For these reasons the reader is strongly urged to consult the drug companies’ printed instructions before administering any of the drugs recommended in this book. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 978 0 340 94017 4 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Commissioning Editor: Philip Shaw Project Editor: Amy Mulick Production Controller: Karen Tate Cover Designer: Andrew Campling Typeset in 10 on 12pt Minion by Phoenix Photosetting, Chatham, Kent Printed and bound in Great Britain by the MPG Books group What do you think about this book? Or any other Hodder Arnold title? Please send your comments to www.hoddereducation.com Contents Contributors ix Preface xiii Acknowledgements xv Glossary xvii Reference annotations xxi The color plate section appears between pages 298 and 299 1 Pleural disease: historic perspective 1 Gian Franco Tassi and Gian Pietro Marchetti PART ONE: BASIC SCIENCE 2 Anatomy of the pleura 13 Najib M Rahman and Nai-San Wang† 3 Mesothelial cells 27 Marie-Claude Jaurand and Jocelyne Fleury-Feith 4 Normal physiological fluid and cellular contents 39 Marc Noppen 5 Physiology: fluid and solute exchange in normal physiological states 43 V Courtney Broaddus 6 Physiology: changes with pleural effusion and pneumothorax 49 Richard W Light 7 Pleural inflammation and infection 59 Veena B Antony and Brendan Bellew 8 Immunology 71 Nicola A Wilson, Steven Mutsaers and YC Gary Lee 9 Pleural fibrosis 101 Sreerama Shetty, Joseph John and Steven Idell 10 Pleural reaction to mineral dusts 113 Jaume Ferrer, José Garcia-Valero and Juan F Montes 11 Genetic alterations in mesothelioma pathogenesis 125 Joseph R Testa and Suresh C Jhanwar 12 Proteomics in pleural disease 135 Joost Hegmans and Bart Lambrecht 13 Pleural pharmacokinetics 151 Aryun Kim, Blair Capitano and Charles H Nightingale 14 Experimental models: pleural disease other than mesothelioma 169 Georgios T Stathopoulos and YC Gary Lee 15 Experimental models: mesothelioma 187 Delia Nelson and Bruce WS Robinson vi Contents PART TWO: CLINICAL SCIENCE 16 Approach to patients with pleural diseases 201 Steven Sahn 17 Pleural fluid analysis 209 Steven Sahn and John E Heffner 18 Pleural manometry 227 David Feller-Kopman and Armin Ernst 19 Radiology: diagnostic 233 Fergus V Gleeson 20 Radiology: interventional 259 Edith M Marom, Jeremy J Erasmus and Edward F Patz 21 Radiology: pleural ultrasound 271 Coenraad FN Koegelenberg, Chris T Bolliger and Andreas Diacon 22 Pathology: histology 285 Timothy C Allen and Philip T Cagle 23 Pathology: cytology 293 Mark R Wick EFFUSIONS 24 Effusions from cardiac diseases 315 Gary T Kinasewitz and Kellie R Jones 25 Effusions from malignancy 323 Francisco Rodriguez-Panadero 26 Effusions from infections: parapneumonic effusions and empyema 341 Najib M Rahman and Robert JO Davies 27 Effusions from infections: tuberculosis 367 Esteban Pérez-Rodriguez and Richard W Light 28 Effusions from infections: atypical infections 379 Lisete R Teixeira and Francisco S Vargas 29 Effusions from lymphatic disruptions 389 Gunnar Hillerdal 30 Effusions from vascular causes 397 José M Porcel and Richard W Light 31 Effusions in immunocompromised hosts 409 Bekele Afessa and John J Mullon 32 Effusions from connective tissue diseases 421 Demosthenes Bouros and Dimitris A Vassilakis 33 Effusions caused by drugs 431 Ioannis Kalomenidis 34 Effusions after surgery 445 Oner Dikensoy and Richard W Light 35 Hepatic hydrothorax 455 José Castellote and Xavier Xiol 36 Effusions caused by gastrointestinal disease 465 Charlie Strange 37 Effusions of obstetric or gynecological origin 473 Richard W Light 38 Benign fibrous tumor of the pleura 483 Marc de Perrot 39 Undiagnosed pleural effusions 491 Nick A Maskell ASBESTOS-RELATED DISEASES 40 Asbestos-related pleural diseases 499 A William Musk and Nicholas H de Klerk Contents vii 41 Malignant mesothelioma 507 Bruce WS Robinson PNEUMOTHORAX 42 Spontaneous pneumothorax 515 Andrew C Miller 43 Non-spontaneous pneumothorax 533 Michael H Baumann PEDIATRIC CONSIDERATIONS 44 Pediatric pleural diseases 545 Elizabeth A Perkett and Paul E Moore INTERVENTION PROCEDURES 45 Drainage techniques 551 Henri Colt 46 Pleurodesis 569 Helen E Davies and YC Gary Lee 47 Medical thoracoscopy 583 Robert Loddenkemper 48 Surgery for pleural diseases 599 David A Waller and Antonio E Martin-Ucar 49 Gene therapy in pleural diseases 613 Steven M Albelda and Daniel H Sterman CONCLUSION 50 Future directions 621 YC Gary Lee and Richard W Light Index 629 This page intentionally left blank Contributors Bekele Afessa Henri Colt Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, University of California, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA Orange, CA, USA Steven M Albelda Helen E Davies Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Department of Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Oxford, UK Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Robert JO Davies Philadelphia, PA, USA Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Timothy C Allen Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Health Center Nicholas H de Klerk at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Veena B Antony Australia Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Marc de Perrot Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Michael H Baumann Andreas H Diacon Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa Brendan F Bellew Oner Dikensoy Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Gaziantep University Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA Jeremy J Erasmus Chris T Bolliger University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, University of USA Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa Armin Ernst Demosthenes Bouros Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA Department of Pneumonology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandropoulis, Greece David Feller-Kopman Interventional Pulmonology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, V Courtney Broaddus MD, USA Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA Jaume Ferrer Respiratory Department, Hospital General Vall d’Hebron, Philip T Cagle Barcelona, Spain Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA Jocelyne Fleury-Feith INSERM, Paris, France Blair Capitano Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Jose Garcia Valero Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Departament de Biologia Cellular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Jose Castellote Servicio Aparato Dipestivo, Hospital de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
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