Textbook of Pediatric Rheumatology PDF
Preview Textbook of Pediatric Rheumatology
Textbook of PEDIATRIC RHEUMATOLOGY Eighth Edition Ross E. Petty, MD, PhD, DSc (Hon), FRCPC Lucy R. Wedderburn, MD, MA, PhD, FRCP Professor Emeritus Professor in Paediatric Rheumatology Department of Pediatrics UCL GOS Institute of Child Health University of British Columbia University College London; Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Consultant in Paediatric Rheumatology Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Trust London, UK Ronald M. Laxer, MDCM, FRCPC Professor of Pediatrics and Medicine Elizabeth D. Mellins, MD University of Toronto Temerty Faculty of Medicine Professor of Pediatrics Division of Rheumatology Program in Immunology The Hospital for Sick Children Stanford University Toronto, Ontario, Canada Stanford, California, USA Carol B. Lindsley, MD Robert C. Fuhlbrigge, MD, PhD Professor Emerita Professor of Pediatrics Pediatrics University of Colorado; University of Kansas Medical Center Chair of Rheumatology Kansas City, Kansas, USA Children’s Hospital Colorado Aurora, Colorado, USA Downloaded for Anonymous User (n/a) at Egyptian Knowledge Bank from ClinicalKey.com by Elsevier on July 21, 2021. For personal use only. No other uses without permission. Copyright ©2021. Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Elsevier 1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd. Ste 1800 Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899 TEXTBOOK OF PEDIATRIC RHEUMATOLOGY, EIGHTH EDITION ISBN: 978-0-323-636520 Copyright © 2021 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notice Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds or experiments described herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. To the fullest extent of the law, no responsibility is assumed by Elsevier, authors, editors or contributors for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. Previous editions copyrighted 2016, 2011, 2005, 2001, 1995, 1990, 1982. Library of Congress Control Number: 2020946146 Content Strategist: Nancy Duffy Content Development Specialist: Erika Ninsin Publishing Services Manager: Deepthi Unni Project Manager: Beula Christopher Design Direction: Bridget Hoette Printed in the United States of America Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Downloaded for Anonymous User (n/a) at Egyptian Knowledge Bank from ClinicalKey.com by Elsevier on July 21, 2021. For personal use only. No other uses without permission. Copyright ©2021. Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. To Beryl, Edda, Bart, Jerry, Paul, and Anne, our children and grandchildren, and to our students, our patients, and their families who challenge and inspire us. Downloaded for Anonymous User (n/a) at Egyptian Knowledge Bank from ClinicalKey.com by Elsevier on July 21, 2021. For personal use only. No other uses without permission. Copyright ©2021. Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. P R E FAC E The first edition of the Textbook of Pediatric Rheumatology, edited Wright, Dr. Nico Wulfraat, and Dr. Francisco Zulian. In the current by James T. Cassidy and published in 1982, comprised the collective edition, new syndromes have been identified, and although the clinical contributions of five authors. Subsequent editions have required the features of the diseases that constitute the “core” of a pediatric rheu- expertise of increasing numbers of contributors, and in the current matology practice have not changed substantially, the understand- edition, no fewer than six editors and more than 100 authors from 20 ing of their etiology and pathogenesis, contemporary management, countries have presented a comprehensive review of the continually and outcomes has advanced significantly. The basic science chapters expanding field of pediatric rheumatology. Once viewed as a study of provide insight into the complexities of genetics, inflammation, and chronic arthritis in children, with a nod to diseases such as systemic immunology, which are illuminating our understanding of the clini- lupus, dermatomyositis, and scleroderma, pediatric rheumatology has cal manifestations of rheumatic diseases. Clinical aspects of disease are grown both in breadth and depth to encompass the fascinating and illustrated by the use of many photographs and figures. An apprecia- challenging realm of the diverse chronic arthritides, connective tissue tion of clinical research approaches is provided in the chapters on trial diseases, vasculitides, autoinflammatory diseases, and non-inflam- design and interpretation and health outcomes. The generous use of matory pain syndromes. To optimally present and discuss up-to-date up-to-date references encourages the reader to further pursue details information about these disorders, the clinical and scientific expertise of research studies. of an excellent international group of authors has been recruited. The Every attempt has been made to provide the most up-to-date infor- eighth edition of the Textbook of Pediatric Rheumatology has engaged mation and references, but thanks to the gratifyingly rapid changes in the expertise of many new authors whose contributions have often both understanding of pathogenesis and application of new diagnostic been built on the work of authors of the previous editions to whom and therapeutic advances, and the long gestation of a textbook, the we are grateful. At the same time, these new authors have presented a reader is urged to be alert to the newest publications, particularly those somewhat different and updated viewpoint. published since 2020. The editors’ decision to recruit new authors and “retire” others We hope that this contribution will provide a reference for the stu- has been difficult. We are indebted to authors of the seventh edition dent of pediatric rheumatology, will demonstrate the challenges and whose contributions have been so important: Dr. Salvatore Albani, excitement of the specialty of pediatric rheumatology, and will facili- Dr. Paul Babyn, Dr. Arvind Bagga, Dr. Susanne Benseler, Dr. Ruben tate optimal comprehensive management of children and adolescents Burgos-Vargas, Dr. Jill Buyon, Dr. William Cole, Dr. Andrea Doria, with rheumatic diseases throughout the world. Dr. Frank Dressler, Dr. Ciaran Duffy, Dr. Hans-Iko Huppertz, Dr. Ross E. Petty Norman Ilowite, Dr. Adam Kirton, Ms. Gay Kuchta, Dr. Jerome Lane, Ronald M. Laxer Dr. Steven Leeder, Dr. Elizabeth Legger, Dr. Daniel Lovell, Dr. Outi Carol B. Lindsley Makitie, Dr. Frederick Miller, Dr. Kiem Oen, Dr. Peri Pepmueller, Lucy R. Wedderburn Dr. Berent Prakken, Dr. Michael Rapoff, Dr. Lisa Rider, Dr. Ricardo Elizabeth D. Mellins Russo, Dr. Rayfel Schneider, Dr. Robert Sundel, Dr. Susan Thompson, Robert C. Fuhlbrigge Dr. Joris van Montfrans, Dr. Janitzia Vazques-Mellado, Dr. James vi Downloaded for Anonymous User (n/a) at Egyptian Knowledge Bank from ClinicalKey.com by Elsevier on July 21, 2021. For personal use only. No other uses without permission. Copyright ©2021. Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C O N T R I B U TO R S Mario Abinun, MD, PhD Karyl Barron, MD Paul Brogan, PhD, FRCPCH Emeritus Consultant Deputy Scientific Director Professor of Vasculitis and Honorary Paediatric Immunology Division of Intramural Research Consultant Paediatric Rheumatologist Great North Children’s Hospital; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Infection Immunity And Rheumatology Associate Lecturer Diseases Section Translational and Clinical Research Institute National Institutes of Health UCL Institute of Child Health Faculty of Medical Sciences Bethesda, Maryland, USA London, UK Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK Julie Barsalou, MD, FRCPC, MSc Hermine I. Brunner, MD MSc Pediatric Rheumatologist Professor of Pediatrics Amita Aggarwal, MD, DM Rheumatology and Immunology Division of Rheumatology Professor CHU Sainte-Justine; Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Department of Clinical Immunology and Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Center Rheumatology Université de Montréal University of Cincinnati Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Montreal, Quebec, Canada Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Medical Sciences Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India Mara L. Becker, MD, MSCE Jane C. Burns, MD Professor of Pediatrics Professor of Pediatrics Jonathan Akikusa, MBBS, FRACP Duke University/Duke Clinical Research Director General Medicine, Rheumatology Service Institute Kawasaki Disease Research Center Royal Children’s Hospital Durham, North Carolina, USA University of California San Diego School of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Medicine Edward M. Behrens, MD La Jolla, California, USA Roger Allen, MB BS, FRACP Associate Professor of Pediatrics Department of Rheumatology Perelman School of Medicine at the Robert Busch, BSc, PhD Royal Children’s Hospital University of Pennsylvania; Senior Lecturer Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Joseph Lee Hollander Chair of Pediatric Department of Life Sciences Rheumatology University of Rochampton Khaled Alsaeid, MD The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia London, UK Professor of Pediatrics Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA Kuwait University David A. Cabral, MBBS Jabryah, Kuwait Michael W. Beresford, MBChB, PhD Ross Petty Chair and Clinical Professor Professor of Child Health Division of Rheumatology Tadej Avčin, MD, PhD Institute of Life Course and Medical Department of Pediatrics Professor of Pediatrics Sciences British Columbia Children’s Hospital and Department of Allergology, Rheumatology University of Liverpool; University of British Columbia and Clinical Immunology Honorary Consultant Paediatric Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Children’s Hospital, University Medical Rheumatologist Center Ljubljana Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Scott W. Canna, MD Ljubljana, Slovenia Trust Assistant Professor Liverpool, UK Pediatrics and Immunology Stephen Balevic, MD, MHS University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Children’s Assistant Professor Timothy Beukelman, MD, MSCE Hospital of Pittsburgh Internal Medicine and Pediatrics Associate Professor Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA Duke University/Duke Clinical Research Department of Pediatrics, Division of Institute Rheumatology Sharon Choo, MBBS, FRACP, FRCPA Durham, North Carolina, USA University of Alabama at Birmingham Allergy and Immunology Birmingham, Alabama, USA Laboratory Services Brenda Banwell, MD, FRCPC, FAAN The Royal Children’s Hospital Chief of Neurology Linda K. Bockenstedt, MD Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Harold W. Jockers Professor of Medicine Professor of Neurology and Pediatrics Internal Medicine/Rheumatology Rolando Cimaz, MD Perelman School of Medicine Yale University School of Medicine Professor of Rheumatology University of Pennsylvania New Haven, Connecticut, USA University of Milano Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA Milan, Italy vii Downloaded for Anonymous User (n/a) at Egyptian Knowledge Bank from ClinicalKey.com by Elsevier on July 21, 2021. For personal use only. No other uses without permission. Copyright ©2021. Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. viii CONTRIBUTORS Coziana Ciurtin, PhD, FRCP Brian Michael Feldman, MD, MSc, Alexei A. Grom, MD Associate Professor in Rheumatology FRCPC Professor of Pediatrics Consultant Rheumatologist Professor University of Cincinnati, College of Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine; University College London Medicine, and the Institute of Health Attending Physician London, UK Policy, Management, and Rheumatology Evaluation Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Jacqui Clinch, MBBS, MRCP, FRCPCH The Hospital for Sick Children, University Center Consultant in Paediatric Rheumatology of Toronto Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Paediatric Rheumatology Toronto, Ontario, Canada Bristol Royal Hospital for Children Liora Harel, MD Bristol, UK; Polly J. Ferguson, BS, MD Director Consultant in Paediatric Pain Professor of Pediatrics Pediatric Rheumatology Unit Bath Centre for Pain Services University of Iowa Carver College of Schneider Children’s Medical Center Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Medicine Israel; Diseases Iowa City, Iowa, USA Associate Professor of Pediatrics Bath, UK Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv, Israel Helen Elisabeth Foster, MBBS Robert A. Colbert, MD, PhD (Hons), FRCP, FRCPCH, DCH, MD, Philip J. Hashkes, MD, MSc Senior Investigator Cert Med Ed Head, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit National Institute of Arthritis, Professor, Paediatric Rheumatology Department of Pediatrics Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Newcastle University; Shaare Zedek Medical Center; National Institutes of Health Honorary Consultant Paediatric Associate Professor of Pediatrics Bethesda, Maryland, USA Rheumatologist Hebrew University Hadassah School of Great North Children’s Hospital Medicine Alessandro Consolaro, MD, PhD Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Jerusalem, Israel Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Trust IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini Newcastle upon Tyne, UK Christian Michael Hedrich, MD, PhD University of Genova Professor Genova, Italy Robert C. Fuhlbrigge, MD, PhD Department of Women’s and Children’s Health Professor of Pediatrics Institute of Life Course and Medical Jennifer C. Cooper, PharmD, MD University of Colorado; Sciences, University of Liverpool Assistant Professor Chair of Rheumatology Liverpool, Merseyside, UK Pediatrics, Section of Rheumatology Children’s Hospital Colorado University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora, Colorado, USA Gerd Horneff, MD Aurora, Colorado, USA Director Ryan S. Funk, PharmD, PhD General Pediatrics and Neonatology Randy Q. Cron, MD, PhD Professor Asklepios Clinic Sankt Augustin Professor of Pediatrics and Medicine Pharmacy Practice Sankt Augustin, Germany Pediatrics University of Kansas University of Alabama at Birmingham Kansas City, Kansas, USA Kristin Michelle Houghton, MD, MSc, School of Medicine; FRCPC, Diploma Sports Medicine Director of Pediatric Rheumatology Marco Gattorno, MD Clinical Associate Professor of Pediatrics Pediatrics Center for Autoinflammatory diseases and British Columbia Children’s Hospital Children’s Hospital of Alabama Immunedeficiencies University of British Columbia Birmingham, Alabama, USA IRCCS G. Gaslini Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Genova, Italy Iris Davidson, BSR Edgar Jaeggi, MD, FRCPC Physical Therapist Gabriella Giancane, MD, PhD Cardiologist Division of Rheumatology Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Head, Fetal Cardiac Program; BC Children’s Hospital IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini Professor of Pediatrics Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada University of Genova The Hospital for Sick Children, University Genova, Italy of Toronto Perrine Dusser, MD Toronto, Ontario, Canada Pediatric Rheumatology Anne M. Griffiths, MD, FRCPC CHU Kremlin Bicêtre Professor of Pediatrics Mehul Jariwala, MBBS, DNB (Pediatrics) Paris, France University of Toronto Temerty Faculty of Assistant Professor Medicine Division of Rheumatology, Department of Despina Eleftheriou, MBBS, PhD Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology Pediatrics Professor of Paediatric Rheumatology and Nutrition University of Saskatchewan UCL The Hospital for Sick Children Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada London, UK Toronto, Ontario, Canada Downloaded for Anonymous User (n/a) at Egyptian Knowledge Bank from ClinicalKey.com by Elsevier on July 21, 2021. For personal use only. No other uses without permission. Copyright ©2021. Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. CONTRIBUTORS ix Jordan T. Jones, DO, MS Suzanne C. Li, MD, PhD Peter A. Nigrovic, MD Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Professor of Pediatrics Associate Professor of Medicine Children’s Mercy Kansas City Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine; Harvard Medical School; University of Missouri-Kansas City School Senior Attending, Pediatrics Chief, Division of Immunology of Medicine; Joseph M Sanzari Children’s Hospital Boston Children’s Hospital; Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Hackensack University Medical Center Director, Center for Adults with Pediatric University of Kansas School of Medicine Hackensack, New Jersey, USA; Rheumatic Illness Kansas City, Kansas, USA Associate Professor of Pediatrics Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School and Immunity Daniel L. Kastner, MD, PhD Newark, New Jersey, USA Brigham and Women’s Hospital Scientific Director Boston, Massachusetts, USA Division of Intramural Research Carol B. Lindsley, MD National Human Genome Research Institute Professor Emerita Kerstin A. Nott, Dr.med. National Institutes of Health Pediatrics Paediatric Rheumatology Bethesda, Maryland, USA University of Kansas Medical Center Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children Kansas City, Kansas, USA NHS Foundation Trust Yukiko Kimura, MD London, UK Professor of Pediatrics Alberto Martini, MD Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine Professor Emeritus Kathleen M. O’Neil, MD Nutley, New Jersey, USA; University of Genoa Professor Emerita Division Chief, Pediatric Rheumatology Genoa, Italy Clinical Pediatrics Joseph M Sanzari Children’s Hospital Indiana University School of Medicine; Hackensack University Medical Center Elizabeth D. Mellins, MD Pediatric Rheumatology Hackensack, New Jersey, USA Professor of Pediatrics Riley Hospital for Children at IU Health Program in Immunology Indianapolis, Indiana, USA Marisa S. Klein-Gitelman, MD, MPH Stanford University Professor of Pediatrics Stanford, California, USA Michael J. Ombrello, MD Northwestern University Feinberg School Principal Investigator of Medicine; Kimberly A. Morishita, MD, MHSc National Institute of Arthritis and Head, Division of Rheumatology Clinical Associate Professor of Pediatrics Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s University of British Columbia and BC National Institutes of Health Hospital of Chicago Children’s Hospital Bethesda, Maryland, USA Chicago, Illinois, USA Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Lisa Orme, MB BS, FRACP Isabelle Koné-Paut, MD Eyal Muscal, MD, MS Children’s Cancer Centre Professor of Pediatrics Section Chief, Rheumatology Royal Children’s Hospital Pediatric Rheumatology and National Associate Professor, Department of Parkville, Victoria, Australia Reference Center for Autoinflammatory Pediatrics Diseases and Inflammatory Amyloidosis Co-appointment in Pediatric Seza Ozen, MD CEREMAIA Neurology and Developmental Professor of Pediatrics APHP, hôpital Bicêtre, University of Paris Neuroscience Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine Sud Saclay Baylor College of Medicine Ankara, Turkey Paris, France Houston, Texas, USA Ross E. Petty, MD, PhD, DSc (Hon), FRCPC Ronald M. Laxer, MDCM, FRCPC Jane W. Newburger, MD, MPH Professor Emeritus Professor of Pediatrics and Medicine Associate Cardiologist-in-Chief for Department of Pediatrics University of Toronto Academic Affairs University of British Columbia Temerty Faculty of Medicine Department of Cardiology Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Division of Rheumatology Boston Children’s Hospital; The Hospital for Sick Children Commonwealth Professor Clarissa A. Pilkington, MBBS, BSc, Toronto, Ontario, Canada of Pediatrics FRCP (Paeds) Harvard Medical School Honorary Lecturer Claire Marie Anne LeBlanc, MD, FRCPC, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Institute of Child Health Diploma Sports Medicine University College London Medical School; Associate Professor, Pediatrics McGill Consultant in Paediatric and Adolescent University; Rheumatology Head, Rheumatology Division Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Trust Montreal Children’s Hospital London, UK Montreal Quebec, Canada Downloaded for Anonymous User (n/a) at Egyptian Knowledge Bank from ClinicalKey.com by Elsevier on July 21, 2021. For personal use only. No other uses without permission. Copyright ©2021. Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. x CONTRIBUTORS Elena Pope, MD, MSc Sarah Ringold, MD, MS Johannes Roth, Prof. Dr. med. Head, Section of Pediatric Dermatology Associate Professor of Pediatrics Professor of Immunology Department of Pediatrics Seattle Children’s Hospital Institute of Immunology The Hospital for Sick Children; Seattle, Washington, USA University of Münster Professor of Pediatrics Münster, Germany University of Toronto James Todd Rosenbaum, AB, MD Toronto, Ontario, Canada Professor Nicolino Ruperto, MD, MPH Ophthalmology, Medicine, and Cell Director, Clinical Trials Unit Sampath Prahalad, MD, MSc Biology Clinica Pediatrica e Reumatologia - PRINTO Marcus Professor of Pediatric Rheumatology Oregon Health and Science University; IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini Professor of Pediatrics and Human Genetics Chair of Ophthalmology Emeritus Genoa, Italy Emory University School of Medicine; Legacy Devers Eye Institute Director, Division of Rheumatology Portland, Oregon, USA Grant Schulert, MD, PhD Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta Assistant Professor, Pediatrics Atlanta, Georgia, USA Alan M. Rosenberg, MD, FRCP(C) Division of Rheumatology Professor Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Steven A. Prescott, MD, PhD Division of Rheumatology, Department of Center Senior Scientist Pediatrics University of Cincinnati Neurosciences and Mental Health University of Saskatchewan Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Hospital for Sick Children; Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada Professor Christiaan Scott, MBChB, FCPaed (SA), Physiology and Biomedical Engineering Karen Rosendahl, MD, PhD Grad Cert Paed Rheum (UWA) University of Toronto Consultant Paediatric Radiologist Associate Professor Toronto, Ontario, Canada Radiology Paediatric Rheumatology University Hospital North Norway; University of Cape Town Markus Pääkkönen, MD, PhD Professor Cape Town, South Africa Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology Institute of Clinical Medicine (IKM) Turku University Hospital and The UiT the Arctic University of North Ethan S. Sen, BA (Hons), BM BCh, PhD, University of Turku Norway FRCPCH Turku, Finland Tromsø, Norway Consultant Paediatric Rheumatologist Department of Paediatric Rheumatology C. Egla Rabinovich, MD, MPH Elizabeth C. Rosser, BSc, PhD Great North Children’s Hospital; Professor of Pediatrics Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Associate Clinical Lecturer Duke University Versus Arthritis at University College Faculty of Medical Sciences Durham, North Carolina, USA London Newcastle University University College London Hospital and Newcastle upon Tyne, UK Athimalaipet V. Ramanan, FRCPCH, Great Ormond Street Hospital FRCP University College London David D. Sherry, MD Professor of Paediatric Rheumatology London, UK Rheumatology Attending Paediatric Rheumatology Pediatrics Bristol Royal Hospital for Children Carlos Daniel Rosé, MD, CIP The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Bristol, UK Division Chief (Ex) Professor of Pediatrics Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics Angelo Ravelli, MD Pediatrics Perelman School of Medicine at the Professor of Pediatrics duPont Children’s Hospital, Thomas University of Pennsylvania; IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini Jefferson University Director University of Genova Wilmington, Delaware, USA Amplified Pain Program Genova, Italy The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Johannes Roth, MD, PhD, FRCPC, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA Amanda Ricciuto, MD, PhD, FRCPC RhMSUS Assistant Professor Professor Earl D. Silverman, MD, FRCPC Department of Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics Professor Emeritus University of Toronto Temerty Faculty of University of Ottawa; Department of Pediatrics Medicine Division Chief University of Toronto Temerty Faculty of Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology Pediatric Dermatology and Rheumatology Medicine and Nutrition Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Division of Rheumatology and Senior The Hospital for Sick Children Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Associate Scientist Toronto, Ontario, Canada The Hospital for Sick Children; Editor-in -Chief Journal of Rheumatology Toronto, Ontario, Canada Downloaded for Anonymous User (n/a) at Egyptian Knowledge Bank from ClinicalKey.com by Elsevier on July 21, 2021. For personal use only. No other uses without permission. Copyright ©2021. Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. CONTRIBUTORS xi Mary Beth F. Son, MD Shirley ML. Tse, MD, FRCPC Leanne M. Ward, MD, FRCPC, FAAP Director, Rheumatology Program Associate Professor Professor of Pediatrics and Research Chair Division of Immunology Department of Pediatrics in Pediatric Bone Disorders Boston Children’s Hospital University of Toronto Temerty Faculty of University of Ottawa Boston, Massachusetts, USA Medicine; Division of Pediatric Endrocrinology Program Director and Staff Rheumatologist Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Watchareewan Sontichai, MD Division of Rheumatology Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Assistant Professor of Pediatrics The Hospital for Sick Children Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University Toronto, Ontario, Canada Lucy R. Wedderburn, MD, MA, PhD, Chiang Mai, Thailand FRCP Lori Tucker, MD Professor in Paediatric Rheumatology Anne M. Stevens, MD, PhD Clinical Professor in Pediatrics UCL GOS Institute of Child Health Professor of Pediatrics Pediatric Rheumatology University College London; University of Washington, BC Children’s Hospital, University of British Consultant in Paediatric Rheumatology Seattle Children’s Hospital Columbia Great Ormond Street Hospital Seattle, Washington, USA Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada NHS Trust London, UK Jennifer N. Stinson, RN, PhD Sheila Unger, MD, FRCPC Senior Scientist Medical Geneticist Pamela F. Weiss, MD, MSCE Child Health Evaluative Sciences Division of Genetic Medicine Associate Professor of Pediatrics Hospital for Sick Children; Lausanne University Hospital Perelman School of Medicine Professor Lausanne, Switzerland University of Pennsylvania; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing Attending Physician University of Toronto Yosef Uziel, MD, MSc Division of Rheumatology Toronto, Ontario, Canada Professor of Pediatrics Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Head of the Pediatric Rheumatology Unit Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA Matthew L. Stoll, MD, PhD, MSCS Department of Pediatrics Associate Professor of Pediatrics Meir Medical Center Carine Helena Wouters, MD, PhD University of Alabama at Birmingham Kfra-Saba, Israel; Professor Birmingham, Alabama, USA Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv Pediatric Rheumatology University Leuven University Hospital Kathleen Sullivan, MD, PhD Tel-Aviv, Israel Leuven, Belgium Professor of Pediatrics The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Janjaap van der Net, PhD, BSc Lawrence Zemel, MD University of Pennsylvania Perelman Associate Professor Professor of Pediatrics School of Medicine Child Development and Exercise Center University of Connecticut School of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA University Children’s Hospital “Het Medicine Wilhelmina Kinderziekenhuis”, UMC Farmington, Connecticut, USA; Tim Takken, PhD Utrecht; Division Head Exercise Physiologist Associate Professor Pediatric Rheumatology Child Development and Exercise Center Clinical Health Sciences Connecticut Children’s Medical Center UMC Utrecht Utrecht University Hartford, Connecticut, USA Utrecht, Netherlands Utrecht, Netherlands Kathryn S. Torok, MD Sebastiaan J. Vastert, MD, PhD Associate Professor Pediatric Rheumatologist Pediatric Rheumatology Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology University of Pittsburgh Wilhelmina’s Children Hospital, University Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh Medical Center Utrecht Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA Utrecht, Netherlands Downloaded for Anonymous User (n/a) at Egyptian Knowledge Bank from ClinicalKey.com by Elsevier on July 21, 2021. For personal use only. No other uses without permission. Copyright ©2021. Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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