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Textbook of Pediatric Hematology and Hemato-Oncology Textbook of Pediatric Hematology and Hemato-Oncology Editor-in-Chief MR Lokeshwar Consultant Pediatrician and Pediatric Hematologist Oncologist Shushrusha Citizens Co-operative Hospital and Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India Editors Nitin K Shah Bharat R Agarwal President, Indian Academy of Pediatrics, 2006 Head Consultant Pediatrician, PD Hinduja Hospital, Mumbai, India Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Hon. Pediatric Hematologist Oncologist BJ Wadia Hospital for Children Institute of Child Health BJ Wadia Hospital and Lions Hospital, Mumbai, India and Research Centre, Mumbai, India Co-editors Mamta Vijay Manglani Anupam Sachdeva Professor and Head Director, Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Department of Pediatrics Bone Marrow Transplantation, Institute for Child Health Chief, Division of Hematology-Oncology Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India Program Director, Pediatric Center of Excellence for HIV Care Recipient, Dr BC Roy Award Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and Recipient, Silver Jubilee Research Award General Hospital, Mumbai, India Publication Editor Asha Pillai Medical Officer Kashyap Nursing Home Mumbai, India Forewords SS Kamath Vijay N Yewale The Health Sciences Publisher New Delhi | London | Philadelphia | Panama Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. Headquarters Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. 4838/24, Ansari Road, Daryaganj New Delhi 110 002, India Phone: +91-11-43574357 Fax: +91-11-43574314 Email: [email protected] Overseas Offices J.P. Medical Ltd. Jaypee-Highlights Medical Publishers Inc. Jaypee Medical Inc. 83, Victoria Street, London City of Knowledge, Bld. 237, Clayton The Bourse SW1H 0HW (UK) Panama City, Panama 111, South Independence Mall East Phone: +44-2031708910 Phone: +1 507-301-0496 Suite 835, Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA Fax: +02-03-0086180 Fax: +1 507-301-0499 Phone: +1 267-519-9789 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. 17/1-B, Babar Road, Block-B, Shaymali Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. Mohammadpur, Dhaka-1207 Bhotahity, Kathmandu, Nepal Bangladesh Phone: +977-9741283608 Mobile: +08801912003485 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Website: www.jaypeebrothers.com Website: www.jaypeedigital.com © 2016, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers The views and opinions expressed in this book are solely those of the original contributor(s)/author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of editor(s) of the book. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photo copying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing of the publishers. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. Medical knowledge and practice change constantly. This book is designed to provide accurate, authoritative information about the subject matter in question. However, readers are advised to check the most current information available on procedures included and check information from the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose, formula, method and duration of administration, adverse effects and contra indications. It is the responsibility of the practitioner to take all appropriate safety precautions. Neither the publisher nor the author(s)/editor(s) assume any liability for any injury and/ or damage to persons or property arising from or related to use of material in this book. This book is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in providing professional medical services. If such advice or services are required, the services of a competent medical professional should be sought. Every effort has been made where necessary to contact holders of copyright to obtain permission to reproduce copyright material. If any have been inadvertently overlooked, the publisher will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity. Inquiries for bulk sales may be solicited at: [email protected] Textbook of Pediatric Hematology and Hemato-Oncology First Edition: 2016 ISBN: 978-93-5152-143-3 Printed at Dedicated to Zinet Currimbhoy Teacher of Teachers in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology for whom Children with blood disorders and cancer were the greatest teachers! Contributors Aditya Kumar Gupta Anand Deshpande MD FNB (Pediatric Hematology Oncology, SGRH) Consultant Assistant Professor Hematopathologist and In-Charge Division of Pediatric Hematology- Transfusion Medicine Oncology PD Hinduja National Hospital Department of Pediatrics Mumbai, India Institute of Medical Sciences [email protected] Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, India Anupa A Joshipura [email protected] Fellow Pediatric Hemato-Oncology BJ Wadia Hospital for Children Ajay Kumar Institute of Child Health and Research Centre Senior Specialist Mumbai, India Department of Neonatology [email protected] Lady Hardinge Medical College and Kalawati Saran Children’s Hospital New Delhi, India Anupama S Borker [email protected] Consultant Pediatric Oncologist Somaiya Ayurvihar Aman Chauhan Asian Institute of Oncology Internal Medicine and Pediatrics KJ Somaiya Hospital Campus Combined Resident Mumbai, India Louisiana State University Health Science [email protected] Center New Orleans, USA Anupam Sachdeva [email protected] Director Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Ambreen Pandrowala Bone Marrow Transplantation Clinical Associate Institute for Child Health Lilavati Hospital Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India Mumbai, India Recipient, Dr BC Roy Award [email protected] Recipient, Silver Jubilee Research Award [email protected] Amol Dongre Aparna Vijayaraghavan Assistant Professor Registrar Department of Medical Oncology Department of Pediatrics Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Chennai, India Wardha, India [email protected] [email protected] viii Textbook of Pediatric Hematology and Hemato-Oncology AP Dubey Brijesh Arora Director Professor Professor and Head Division of Pediatric Oncology Department of Pediatrics Tata Memorial Hospital Maulana Azad Medical College and Mumbai, India Associated Lok Nayak Hospital [email protected] New Delhi, India [email protected] Deepak K Changlani Pediatric Interventional Cardiologist Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre Arvind Saili Mumbai, India Director [email protected] Professor and Head Department of Neonatology Lady Hardinge Medical College and Kalawati Saran Children’s Hospital Dilraj Kaur Kahlon New Delhi, India Consultant Pediatric Hemato-Oncologist [email protected] Amandeep Hospital Amritsar, India [email protected] ATK Rau Pediatric Hematologist-Oncologist Professor, Department of Pediatrics Dinesh Yadav MD MS Ramaiah Medical College Consultant Pediatrician Bengaluru, India Vivekanand Hospital, Bhadra, India [email protected] Formerly Assistant Professor Department of Pediatrics Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Bharat R Agarwal Sciences, Indore, India Head [email protected] Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Farah Jijina BJ Wadia Hospital for Children Consultant Hematologist Institute of Child Health and Research PD Hinduja Hospital, Mahim, India Centre, Mumbai, India Professor [email protected] Department of Hematology Seth GS Medical College and Bhavna Dhingra KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India Assistant Professor [email protected] Department of Pediatrics All India Institute of Medical Sciences Gaurav Narula Bhopal, India Associate Professor (Pediatric-Oncology) [email protected] Department of Medical Oncology Tata Memorial Hospital Mumbai, India Bipin P Kulkarni [email protected] Scientist ‘B’ National Institute of Girish Chinnaswamy Immunohaematology (Indian Council of Associate Professor (Pediatric-Oncology) Medical Research, ICMR) Department of Medical Oncology KEM Hospital Campus Tata Memorial Hospital Mumbai, India Mumbai, India [email protected] [email protected] www.niih.org.in Contributors ix Jagdish Chandra Malobika Bhattacharya Director-Professor of Pediatrics Consultant Pediatrics In-Charge, Pediatric Hematology and Kailash Hospital Thalassemia Day Care Centre Greater Noida, India Programme Director, Pediatric Centre of [email protected] Excellence (HIV) Lady Hardinge Medical College and Kalawati Saran Children’s Hospital Mamta Vijay Manglani New Delhi, India Professor and Head [email protected] Department of Pediatrics Chief, Division of Hematology-Oncology Jayashree Mondkar Program Director, Pediatric Center of Professor and Head Excellence for HIV Care, Lokmanya Tilak Department of Neonatology Municipal Medical College and General Director Hospital, Mumbai, India Human Milk Bank [email protected] Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital Mumbai, India Manas Kalra [email protected] Fellowship Pediatric Oncology and BMT-Sydney Kana Ram Jat Consultant, Pediatric Hematologist Assistant Professor Oncologist and BMT Unit Department of Pediatrics Sir Ganga Ram Hospital All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, India New Delhi, India [email protected] [email protected] Maya Prasad K Ghosh Assistant Professor Director Department of Medical Oncology National Institute of (Pediatrics) Immunohaematology (ICMR) Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India KEM Hospital Campus [email protected] Mumbai, India [email protected] MMA Faridi Professor and Head KN Aggarwal MD FIAP FAMS FNA Department of Pediatrics Former Professor and Director In-Charge Institute of Medical Sciences Division of Neonatology Banaras Hindu University University College of Medical Sciences Varanasi, India Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital Former Director New Delhi, India SGPGIMS, Lucknow, India [email protected] Professor Department of Pediatrics UCMS, Bhairwah, Nepal MR Lokeshwar Consultant Pediatrician and Pediatric Madhulika Kabra Hematologist Oncologist Professor, Division of Genetics Shushrusha Citizens All India Institute of Medical Sciences Co-operative Hospital and Lilavati New Delhi, India Hospital and Research Centre [email protected] Mumbai, India [email protected] [email protected]