Textbook of Ear, Nose, Throat, and Head & Neck Surgery꞉ Clinical and Practical PDF
Preview Textbook of Ear, Nose, Throat, and Head & Neck Surgery꞉ Clinical and Practical
Textbook of Ear, Nose, Throat and Head & Neck Surgery Clinical and Practical P. Hazarika MBBS, OLO, MS, FACS, FRCS (Edin), FIAO FUWAI, fellow of UICC Ex-Professor and Head, Department of ENT- Head & Neck Surgery Kasturba Medical College, Manipal D.R. Nayak M88S. MS, FICS. Fellow of utCC Professor and Head, Department of ENT-Head & Neck Surgery Kasturba Medical College, Manipal R. Balakrishnan M98S, MS 4ENTl, ONa Professor and Head of Unit II, Department of ENT-Head & Neck Surgery Kasturba Medical College, Manipal 121 CBS CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt Ltd New Delhi Bengaluru • Chennai • Koehl • Pune Hyderabad Kolkata • Mumbai Nagpur Patna .. Contents v Foreword by S.K. Kacker vii Preface to the Third Edition ix Preface to the First Edition 3 1. Embryology of the Ear 8 2. Anatomy of the Ear 31 3. Physiology of the Ear 4. History Taking and Clinical Examination 42 5. Audiology and Assessment of Hearing 56 69 6. Hearing Loss 7. Functional Examination of Vestibular System 91 98 8. Vertigo 110 9. Tinnitus 114 10. Otalgia 11 . Disorders of Eustachian Tube 116 119 12. Diseases of the External Ear 140 13. Temporal Bone Fracture 145 14. Diseases of the Middle Ear 15. Complications of Suppurative Otitis Media 164 176 16. Otosclerosis 181 17. Facial Nerve and its Disorders 188 18. Tumors of the Middle Ear 192 19. Diseases of the Inner £or 20. Common Otologic Surgeries 201 229 21 . Anatomy of the Nose and PNS 22. Physiology of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses 243 -23. History Taking and Clinical Examination of 251 Nose and PNS 24. Congenital Anomalies of Nose and PNS 259 266 25. Diseases of External Nose 272 26. Epistaxis I ---··~· Textbook of ENT and Head 27. Diseases of the Nasal Septum 279 28. Acute Inflammatory Conditions of the Nasal Cavity 290 29. Chronic Non-specific Inflammation of the Nose 293 30. Rhinitis Sicca, Caseosa and Medlcamentosa 296 31 . Atrophic Rhinitis 300 32. Chronic Specific Rhinitis 304 33. Vasomotor Rhinitis 315 34. Allergic Rhinitis 317 35. Sinusitis 324 36. Nosal Polyposis 342 37. Foreign Body, Myiosis 349 38. Maxillofacial Trauma 353 39. Benign Tumors and Tumor-like Conditions of the Nasal Cavity and PNS 365 40. Malignant Tumors of Nose and Paranasal Sinuses 373 41 . Disorders of Olfaction 381 42. Sleep Apnea Syndrome 385 43. Headache and Facial Pain 389 44. Orbit in ENT Diseases 394 45. Common Surgical Procedures of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses 405 Anatomy of the Oral Cavity and Pharynx 425 Physiology of Pharynx 444 Clinical Evaluation of Oral Cavity and Pharynx 446 Common Benign Lesions of the Oral Cavity 452 Inflammatory Conditions of the Pharynx 457 Inflammation of the Lymphoid Follicles of the Waldeyer' s Ring 472 52. Deep Neck Space Infections and Pharyngeal Abscess 488 53. Neoplasms of the Oral Cavity and Oropharynx 502 54. Neoplasms of the Nasopharynx 515 55. Malignancy of Hypopharynx 530 Contents ,_x_lll_ 56. Miscellaneous Conditions of the Pharynx 536 57. Anatomy of Esophagus 544 58. Congenital Conditions of the Esophagus 548 59. Traumatic Conditions of the Esophagus 551 60. Neurologic Conditions of the Esophagus 553 61. Foreign Body: Upper Digestive Tract 556 62. Neoplasms of the Esophagus 559 562 63. Dysphag1a 567 Anatomy of Larynx 577 Physiology of Larynx Anatomy and Physiology of the 579 Tracheobronchial Tree 67. Clinical Examination of Larynx 584 68. Congenital Malformations of the Larynx 591 69. Inflammation of the Larynx 597 618 70. Laryngotracheal Trauma 71 . Neurological Conditions of the Larynx 623 72. Functional and Other Disorders of the Larynx 633 638 73. Neoplasms of the Larynx 650 74. Foreign Body In the Airway 654 75. Strider 658 76. Tracheostomy 77. Common Surgical Procedures of the 666 Pharynx and Larynx 693 Anatomy of the Neck Evaluation of the Patient with 696 Head and Neck Cancer I xiv Textbook of ENT and Head and Neck Surger_y ________~ 80. Classification of Neck Swelling 701 81 . Cystic Lesions of the Head and Neck 705 82. Solid Swellings In the Neck 713 83. Thyroid Neoplasm 718 84. Diseases of the Salivary Gland 737 85. Para pharyngeal Tumors 74 6 86. Neck Dissection in Head and Neck Malignancy 74 9 -- Local Anesthesia in ENT 757 General Anesthesia for Major ENT: Head and Neck Surgery 764 89. Radiological Advances in ENT 769 90. Radlonucleotide Imaging 776 .____ _.. .. 91. Radiation Therapy (RT) in Head and Neck Cancers 778 92. Chemotherapy in Head and Neck Cancers 783 93. Tumor Biology of Head and Neck Cancers 791 94. Blomaterials in ENT 794 95. HIV Manifestations in Otorhlnolaryngology 802 96. Lasers in Otolaryngology 811 97. Cryosurgery and Powered Instrumentation 816 98. Skull Base Surgery 820 99. Instruments 827 l 00. Imaging Studies in ENT and Head and Neck 859 I Contents xv 885 Osteology in ENT Operative Specimens of ENT: Head and Neck 889 895 103. Clinical Case Discussion 907 Index . -· Abbreviations Used CSOM: Chronic suppurative otitis media no Tubo-tympanic disease AAD Attico-antral disease URI Upper respiratory infection EAC External auditory canal MEM : Middle ear mucosa HOM Handle of malleus TM Tympanic membrane ETO Eustachian tube orifice ABL Absolute bone conduction N Normal DNS Deviated nasal septum PND Post nasal drip WNL Within normal limits URTI : Upper respiratory tract infection PPW Posterior pharyngeal wall PSQ Posterosuperior quadrant TMJ Temporomandibular Joint PNS Paranasal sinus OOH Orodental hygiene rr Inferior turbinate IM Inferior meatus MT Middle turbinate MM Middle meatus OP Organophosphorus Section 1 EAR Embryology of the Ear Ear has a very complex source of development. The sound conductive apparatus· develops from the branchial apparatus whereas the sound perceptive apparatus develops from the ectodennal otocyst (pars otica). Because of this dual source ofo rigin the developmental anomaly that produced commonly affects either the sound conductive system which includes anomaly of the external 6 Hillocks of 'His' and/or the middle ear or the sound perceptive apparatus which includes the labyrinth. Both these Fig. 1.1: Development of external ear from anomalies rarely coexist because of different six hillocks source of origin. 4. Antihelix Development of the External Ear 5. Scapha and the antitragus 6. Ear lobule This develops around the first branchial cleft. The ear takes definitive form by the end of The Pi1111a third month of intrauterine life. Defective fusion Around 6th week of intrauterine life six hillocks of the tubercles gives rise to preauricular sinus or 'tubercles of His' appear around the first and failure of the development of the hillocks branchial cleft (Fig. 1.1 ). The first tubercle is causes anotia. Defective development of 4th derived from the first branchial arch and the rest tubercle can cause absence of antihelix leading to from the 2nd branchial arch Some authors believe 'bat ear' deformity. that the first 3 tubercles develop from the first External Auditory Canal arch and the rest from the 2nd arch. This develops around the first branchial cleft as Structures derived from Various HWocks an invl)gination into a furmel-shaped pit to form a I. Tragus primary external auditory canal. Subsequent 2. Crus of the helix medial growth with a solid core ofe ctoderm leads 3. Helix to formation of a meatal plate called the secondary ... 3
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