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TEXTBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROANATOMY Page left intentionally blank TEXTBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROANATOMY Vishram Singh, MBBS, MS, PhD(hc), MICPS, FASI, FIMSA Professor and Head, Department of Anatomy Professor-in-Charge, Medical Education Unit Additional Senior Superintendent of Examination, Santosh Medical College Member Academic Council and Core Committee, PhD Course Santosh University, Ghaziabad, NCR, Delhi Editor-in-chief, Journal of the Anatomical Society of India Examiner in National and International Universities; Member, Editorial Board Indian Journal of Otology; Journal of Anatomy and Cell Biology Ex-Vice President, Anatomical Society of India Medicolegal Advisor, ICPS, India Consulting Editor, ABI, North Carolina, USA Associate Editor, Acta Medica International Formerly at: GSVM Medical College, Kanpur King George's Medical College, Lucknow AJ.Arab Medical University, Benghazi {Libya) All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi ELSEVIER ELSEVIER RELX India Pvt. Ltd. Registered Office: 818, 8th Floor, lndraprakash Building, 21, Barakhamba Road, New Delhi 110001 Corpurate Office: 14th Floor, Building No. lOB, DLF Cyber City, Phase II, Gurgaon-122 002, Haryana, India Textbook of Clinical Neuroanatomy, 3rd Edition, Vishram Singh Copyright© 2016, 2010, 2004 by RELX India Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved. ISBN: 978-81-312-4464-7 e-book. ISBN: 978-81-312-4683-2 No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permwion in writing from the publisher. Detaih on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher's permissions poli cies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Nodce Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. 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Managm'"--Conttmt Strateg:j: Renu Rawat Associate Content Strategist: Dik.shita Khanduja MQnagm'"--Education Solutions (Digital): Smruti Snigdha Content Strategist (Digital): N abajyoti Kar Sr Project Manager-Education Solutions: Shabina N asim Sr Omtent Development Specialist: Goldy Bhatnagar Project Managm'": Athmanathan Nayagi Sr operatWns Managm'": Sunil Kumar Sr Production .&«utive: Ravinder Sharma Sr Graphic Designer: Milind M01Jgaonk.ar Typeset by Thomson Digital Printed in India by Repro India Limited (Mumbai) Dedicated to My Parents Late Smt Ganga Devi Singh and Late Shri HR Singh an ever guiding force in my life My Wife Late Smt Manorama Rani Singh for her unending support and cooperation of my pursuits Page left intentionally blank Preface to the Third Edition It gives me gyeat pleasure to present third edition of In addition, complimentary access to online facts to T~ TeKtboolr. of Clinical Neuilrxr.nalomy, which is widely used not only member and clinical problems along with complete e-book by the undergraduate students but also by the postgraduate is also provided. students of anatomy, neurology and neW'Osurgery. The suc There was a growing demand from PG students, neurol cess of the previous editions of the book is reflected by the ogists and neurosurgeons to provide actual photographs, cr fact that since its firat publication in the year 2004, it has more scans, MRI images to appreciate the value of been printed 21 times. The popularity of this book reflects current diagnostic imaging techniques in diagnosing neu the appeal of its concept building approach and easy to rological lesions. They have been especially commissioned understand language. This approach has also been retained for this edition from Gray's Anatomy, Gray's Anatomy in this edition with unique problem-solving approach and for Students, Integrated Anatomy, Davidson's Principles its utility in highlighting the anatomical and embryological and Practice of Medicine (with kind pei'D'Iission of the basis of clinical problems in neW'Ology and neurosurgery. publisher). Based on a large number of suggestions, criticisms and com I sincerely hope that the readers will find this edition ments received &om the students and fellow academicians, more interesting and useful than the previous one. I would the text has been extensively revised for further improve love to get fair comments, good or bad, both from students ment of the book. and teachers. In this edition new features such as learning objectives, facts to remember, new line di.agra.ms, cr and MRI images, "Providing good teac/Ung material or its souru and inspiring the students for learning is the nal ctmtributicn ofa teaclurr. " tables, and flowcharts have been included to further en hance the utility of this book. The topics on cranial nerves, VuhmmSingh blood supply of the brain and sensory and motor pathways have been described in detail due to high incidence of cranial nerve lesions, cerebrovascular accidents and sensory and motor disorders in recent times. vii Page left intentionally blank