Textbook of Anxiety Disorders, 2nd Edition

823 Pages·2009·11.3 MB·English

by  Dan J. Stein

Textbook of
Anxiety Disorders
SECOND EDITION
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Textbook of
Anxiety Disorders
Edited by
Dan J. Stein, M.D., Ph.D.
Eric Hollander, M.D.
Barbara O. Rothbaum, Ph.D., ABPP
Washington, DC
London, England
Note: The authors have worked to ensure that all information in this book is accurate at the time of publication and
consistent with general psychiatric and medical standards, and that information concerning drug dosages, schedules, and
routes of administration is accurate at the time of publication and consistent with standards set by the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration and the general medical community. As medical research and practice continue to advance, however,
therapeutic standards may change. Moreover, specific situations may require a specific therapeutic response not included
in this book. For these reasons and because human and mechanical errors sometimes occur, we recommend that readers
follow the advice of physicians directly involved in their care or the care of a member of their family.
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DSM-IV-TR™ criteria included in this book are reprinted, with permission, from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision. Copyright © 2000, American Psychiatric Association.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Textbook of anxiety disorders / edited by Dan J. Stein, Eric Hollander, Barbara O. Rothbaum. — 2nd ed.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-58562-254-2 (alk. paper)
1. Anxiety disorders—Textbooks. I. Stein, Dan J. II. Hollander, Eric, 1957- III. Rothbaum, Barbara Olasov.
[DNLM: 1. Anxiety Disorders. WM 172 T356 2010]
RC531.A525 2010
616.85′22—dc22
2009015495
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A CIP record is available from the British Library.
Contents
Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Disclosure of Interests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
Foreword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxi
Jerilyn Ross, M.A., L.I.C.S.W.
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxiii
Dan J. Stein, M.D., Ph.D.
Eric Hollander, M.D.
Barbara O. Rothbaum, Ph.D., ABPP
PART I
Approaching the Anxiety Disorders
1
History of AnxietyDisorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Michael H. Stone, M.D.
2
Classification of Anxiety Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Timothy A. Brown, Psy.D.
Ovsanna Leyfer, Ph.D.
3
Preclinical Models of Anxiety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
Nicola D. Hanson, B.S.
Charles B. Nemeroff, M.D., Ph.D.
4
Neural Circuits in Fear andAnxiety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
J. Douglas Bremner, M.D.
Dennis S. Charney, M.D.
5
Anxious Traits and Temperaments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
Steven Taylor, Ph.D., ABPP
Jonathan S. Abramowitz, Ph.D., ABPP
Dean McKay, Ph.D.
Gordon J.G. Asmundson, Ph.D.
6
The Neuropsychology of Anxiety Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87
Kevin J. Craig, M.B.B.Ch., M.Phil., MRCPsych
Samuel R. Chamberlain, Ph.D., M.B.B.Ch.
7
Cognitive-Behavioral Concepts of Anxiety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103
Robert A. DiTomasso, Ph.D., ABPP
Arthur Freeman, Ed.D., ABPP
Raymond Carvajal, M.A.
Bruce Zahn, Ed.D., ABPP
8
Psychodynamic Concepts of Anxiety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117
Fredric N. Busch, M.D.
Barbara L. Milrod, M.D.
M. Katherine Shear, M.D.
9
Evolutionary Concepts of Anxiety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129
Myron A. Hofer, M.D.
10
Combined Treatment of Anxiety Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147
Maryrose Gerardi, Ph.D.
Kerry Ressler, M.D., Ph.D.
Barbara Olasov Rothbaum, Ph.D.
PART II
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
11
Phenomenology of Generalized Anxiety Disorder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159
Laszlo A. Papp, M.D.
12
Pathogenesis of Generalized Anxiety Disorder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173
Jeffrey D. Lightfoot, Ph.D.
Steven Seay Jr., M.S.
Andrew W. Goddard, M.D.
13
Pharmacotherapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193
Michael Van Ameringen, M.D., FRCPC
Catherine Mancini, M.D., FRCPC
Beth Patterson, B.Sc.N., B.Ed.
William Simpson, B.Sc.
Christine Truong, B.Sc.
14
Psychotherapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219
Jonathan D. Huppert, Ph.D.
William C. Sanderson, Ph.D.
PART III
Mixed Anxiety-Depression
15
Mixed Anxiety-DepressiveDisorder: An Undiagnosed and Undertreated Severity Spectrum?. . . .241
Jan Fawcett, M.D.
Rebecca P. Cameron, Ph.D.
Alan F. Schatzberg, M.D.
PART IV
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/Related Disorders
16
Phenomenology of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261
Jane L. Eisen, M.D.
Agustin G. Yip, M.D., Ph.D.
Maria C. Mancebo, Ph.D.
Anthony Pinto, Ph.D.
Steven A. Rasmussen, M.D.
17
Pathophysiology of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .287
Darin D. Dougherty, M.D.
Scott L. Rauch, M.D.
Benjamin D. Greenberg, M.D., Ph.D.
18
Pharmacotherapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .311
Naomi A. Fineberg, M.B.B.S., M.A., MRCPsych
Kevin J. Craig, M.B.B.Ch., M.Phil., MRCPsych
19
Psychological Treatment for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .339
Jonathan S. Abramowitz, Ph.D., ABPP
20
The Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum of Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .355
Sarah Ketay, Ph.D.
Dan J. Stein, M.D., Ph.D.
Eric Hollander, M.D.
PART V
Panic Disorder/Agoraphobia
21
Phenomenology of PanicDisorder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .367
Mark H. Pollack, M.D.
Jordan W. Smoller, M.D., Sc.D.
Michael W. Otto, Ph.D.
Elizabeth Hoge, M.D.
Naomi Simon, M.D., M.Sc.
22
Pathogenesis of Panic Disorder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .381
Ranjeeb Shrestha, M.D.
Navin Natarajan, M.D.
Jeremy D. Coplan, M.D.
23
Pharmacotherapy for Panic Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .399
Borwin Bandelow, M.D., Ph.D.
David S. Baldwin, M.D.
24
Psychotherapy for Panic Disorder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .417
Stefan G. Hofmann, Ph.D.
Winfried Rief, Ph.D.
David A. Spiegel, M.D.
PART VI
Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)
25
Phenomenology of Social Anxiety Disorder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .437
Holly J. Ramsawh, Ph.D.
Denise A. Chavira, Ph.D.
Murray B. Stein, M.D., M.P.H.
26
Pathogenesis of SocialAnxiety Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .453
Mary Morreale, M.D.
Manuel E. Tancer, M.D.
Thomas W. Uhde, M.D.
27
Pharmacotherapy for Social Anxiety Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .471
Carlos Blanco, M.D., Ph.D.
Franklin R. Schneier, M.D.
Oriana Vesga-López, M.D.
Michael R. Liebowitz, M.D.
28
Psychotherapy for Social Anxiety Disorder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .501
Kristin E. Pontoski, M.A.
Richard G. Heimberg, Ph.D.
Cynthia L. Turk, Ph.D.
Meredith E. Coles, Ph.D.
PART VII
Specific Phobia
29
Specific Phobia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .525
Amanda L. Gamble , Ph.D.
Allison G. Harvey, Ph.D.
Ronald M. Rapee, Ph.D.
PART VIII
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder/Acute Stress Disorder
30
Phenomenology of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .547
Alexander C. McFarlane, M.D.
31
Pathogenesis of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Acute Stress Disorder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .567
Rachel Yehuda, Ph.D.
Casey Sarapas, B.S.
32
Pharmacotherapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .583
Wei Zhang, M.D., Ph.D.
Jonathan R.T. Davidson, M.D.
33
Psychotherapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603
Monnica T. Williams, Ph.D.
Shawn P. Cahill, Ph.D.
Edna B. Foa, Ph.D.
PART IX
Anxiety Disorders in Special Populations
34
Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .629
Phoebe S. Moore, Ph.D.
John S. March, M.D., M.P.H.
Anne Marie Albano, Ph.D., ABPP
Margo Thienemann, M.D.
35
Anxiety Disorders in the Elderly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .651
Eric J. Lenze, M.D.
36
Anxiety in the Context of Substance Abuse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .665
Sudie E. Back, Ph.D.
Angela E. Waldrop, Ph.D.
Kathleen T. Brady, M.D., Ph.D.
37
Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders in MedicalSettings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .681
Thomas N. Wise, M.D.
Michael J. Marcangelo, M.D.
Danielle L. Anderson, M.D.
38
Anxiety and Insomnia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .699
Thomas W. Uhde, M.D.
Bernadette M. Cortese, Ph.D.