Textbook of Aging Skin PDF
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Textbook of Aging Skin Miranda A. Farage, Kenneth W. Miller and Howard I. Maibach Editors Textbook of Aging Skin With366Figuresand156Tables Editors: MirandaA.Farage,Ph.D. Principal Scientist TheProcter&GambleCompany 6110CenterHillAvenue Cincinnati,OH45224 USA KennethW.Miller,Ph.D. Associate Director TheProcter&GambleCompany 6110CenterHillAvenue Cincinnati,OH45224 USA HowardI.Maibach,M.D. Professor DepartmentofDermatology UniversityofCalifornia,SchoolofMedicine SanFrancisco,CA94122 USA LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2009938632 ISBN978-3-540-89655-5 Thispublicationisavailablealsoas: ElectronicpublicationunderISBN978-3-540-89656-2 PrintandelectronicbundleunderISBN978-3-540-89935-8 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting, reproductiononmicrofilmorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublicationor partsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9,1965,inits currentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Violationsareliableto prosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw. (cid:1)Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2010 Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnotimply, evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotectivelaws andregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Productliability:Thepublisherscannotguaranteetheaccuracyofanyinformationaboutdosageand applicationcontainedinthisbook.Ineveryindividualcasetheusermustchecksuchinformationby consultingtherelevantliterature. SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia www.springer.com PublishingEditor:TobiasKemme MRWEditor:SandraFabiani Printedonacid‐freepaper Dedicatedtothoseonaforgottenandsometimeslonely andscaryagingjourney—muchmoredignityandrespect aredeservedforallofyou. –MAF,KWMandHIM Whenthingsgowrongastheysometimeswill, Whentheroadyou’retrudgingseemsalluphill, Whenthefundsarelowandthedebtsarehigh, Andyouwanttosmilebutyouhavetosigh, Whencareispressingyoudownabit Restifyoumust,butdon’tyouquit. Successisfailureturnedinsideout, Thesilvertintonthecloudsofdoubt, Andyoucannevertellhowcloseyouare, Itmaybenearwhenitseemsafar. So,sticktothefightwhenyou’rehardesthit It’swhenthingsgowrongthatyoumustn’tquit. —Unknown Acknowledgments Deepappreciationandgratefulthank-yousareextendedtothesignificanteffortsofmanypeoplewhocontributedboth knowingly and indirectly to this book, by dedicating their valuable time in preparing their chapters. This book representsthefruitsofajointlyconceivedandexecutedventure,andhasalsobenefitedfromglobalanddiversepartners. Aspecialthank-youtoDr.MarkDatoandMr.RonVisscherforgenerouslyofferingtheirtimeandexpertiseinpeer- reviewing the relevant chapters and extending their immense support to this book. No praise is excessive for their efforts,andourheartfeltgratitudegoestothem. WewouldliketosingleoutMr.AnilJosephChandy(SpringerReferenceEditorialOffice)foraspecialrecognitionof his greateffort, time, discipline, and dedication in moving this book forwardin a timely and organized manner. We extendourappreciationtoMs.MarionPhilippandMs.EllenBlasig(SpringerHeidelberg)tooforthesame. Last but not least, we acknowledge the assistance provided by Dr. Deborah A. Hutchins, Ms. Zeinab Schwen, Ms. Wendy Wippel, Ms. Gayle Entrup, Ms. JanTremaine, Ms. Peggy Firth, and Dr. T. L. Nusair for this book. Their collectiverecommendationsandinputhavevastlyimprovedthetextsassembledhere. Above all, we extend our everlasting gratitude and love to our parents, who inspired us and to our families and children, who supported and encouraged us all the way with their incredible patience. Only their continuous care, unconditionallove,andincomparablesacrificemadeallthispossible,andeasytoachieve. MirandaA.Farage CincinnatiandSanFrancisco KennethW.Miller October2009 HowardI.Maibach Foreword Thepopulationisagingrapidly.Centenariansarenolongerararity.Thefastestgrowingsegmentofthepopulationin theUnitedStatesispeopleover80.Inthenext25years,halfofthepopulationintheUnitedStateswillbeagedover50. These shifts will have a tremendous impact on the delivery of healthcare to the elderly and will require a new awarenessofhowcutaneousdisordersaffectthequalityoflife,comprisingaheavyburdenonhealthandwellbeing. Physiciansandhealthcareworkersarewoefullyignorantofthedistress,discomfort,andanxietiesofpeopleafflicted bydisordersoftheskin.Thereexistsawidespreadmisconceptionthatskindisordersaresimplycosmeticnuisancesthat canbeself-treatedbyagreatassortmentofanti-agingcreamsandlotionsavailableatthelocaldrugstore.Mostofthese include high-sounding ingredients such as antioxidants, vitamins, nutrients, botanicals, and ancient folkloristic remedies, the efficacy and safety of which have never been tested. They offer little more than hope in a bottle. The factisthatcommonskindiseasesmaynotoftenbelethalbutcanruinenjoymentoflife.Chronicitchyrashescanbe maddening, lowering one’s self-esteem, embarrassing, interfering with sleep, and often accompanied by depression, socialisolation,anddeteriorationofappearance;theycanalsobeuncomfortable,and,notleast,costlytotreat. Theelderlycommonlytake15–20oralsupplementsdailytofighttheailmentsofoldage.Thesearegenerallyuseless and may be harmful, often interacting adversely with prescription drugs. The elderly often resort to alternative medicines instead of seeing theirdoctor to obtain FDA-approved drugs, and also often skip theirdailydoses to save money.Noncomplianceiscommon.Misdiagnosisandmistreatmentoftheelderlybyhealth-careworkersarecommon. Nationalsurveysshowthatskindiseasesincreasesteadilythroughoutourlifespan.Oldpeoplemayhaveasmanyas5–10 coexistent cutaneous problems that are worthy of medical attention. Moreover, the clinical manifestations of skin diseasesintheagedoftenhavedifferentappearancesthanintheyoung,confoundingdiagnosis.Importantly,healingof chronic lesions, especially ulcers, is impaired in the elderly. Immunity is weakened, increasing susceptibility to infections. Response to treatment is slower, leading to noncompliance. Adverse drug reactions are common and too commonlynotsuspected.Managementofchronicconditionsisdifficultandfrustrating. TheabovelitanyofproblemsmakesthistextbookeditedbyFarage,Miller,andMaibachawelcomeadditiontothe literature.Itisinvaluableasareferenceresourcecoveringexhaustivelyanenormousnumberofclinicalconditions.No topicisneglectedincludingcosmetictreatments.Thenumerouscontributionsarebyhighlyqualifiedexpertswhohave apublishedrecordofexpertise. Thiscomprehensivevolumeisalsopracticalandrelevanttotheeverydayworldofclinicalpractice.Theinformation will be useful to physicians, manufacturers of drugs and skincare products, educators, investigators, nursing home personnel,estheticians,andfederalregulators. Thisfirsteditionisup-to-date,includingmuchnewmaterialthatbelongstotheshelvesofeverylibrary,whichdeals withgeriatricproblems.Dermatologistsespeciallywillberemissiftheydonotputthisvolumewithineasy reachfor consultationastheyencounteraswellingclienteleofagingpatients. AlbertM.KligmanM.D.,Ph.D. ProfessorEmeritus UniversityofPennsylvania Philadelphia,PA USA Preface Theskinisaportalofknowledgeonaging.Fromitssoftnessandsmoothnessininfancy,throughitssupplenessinyouth, toitswrinkledtextureinelders,theskindisplaysthemostvisibleandaccessiblemanifestationsofaging. Duetofallingbirthratesandrisinglifeexpectanciesinindustrializedcountries,theaverageageofthepopulationis increasing. Research interest in the process of aging has grown and people are becoming obsessed with looking and “staying”young. Although excellent compendia exist on the subject of aging skin, the body of knowledge is burgeoning. Conse- quently,thishandbookcompilesinformationintoonecomprehensivereference.Itcoversarangeoftopics,fromthe basicsofskinstructureandfunction,tothecellularandmolecularmechanismsofaging,tothelatestbioengineering instrumentsusedtoassessage-relatedchangesintheskin.TheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyandMedicineawardedin2009 toDrs.E.H.Blackburn,C.W.GreiderandJ.W.Szostakwillstimulateresearchthatwillamelioratetheeffectsofaging ontheorgansystemsofbothhumansandanimals. ThistextbookwillsimplifyapproacheswhentheskinmaybeanefficientapproachtoagingbasedonDr.Blackburn’s teamresearch.Theskinapproachabilityandtheopportunitiestoworkonhumanswillprovideusinthenearfuture withrapidtherapeuticandpreventiveapplications. Contributorsareinternationallyrecognizedexpertsfrommultipledisciplinesgermanetothistopic.Wegratefully acknowledgeallcontributorsforsharingtheirtimeandexpertise. Weexpectthishandbooktobevaluabletoresearchersandstudentswithaninterestinagingskin.Becauseresearch progressinthisareaissorapid,wehopetoupdatethiscompendiumperiodicallyasadvancesinthefielddictate. Theeditorswelcomesuggestionsforthesecondedition. MirandaA.Farage,KennethW.Miller,andHowardI.Maibach October2009
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