Textbook of Adult Emergency Medicine

1110 Pages·2014·41.21 MB·English

by  Peter Cameron

TEXTBOOK OF
ADULT EMERGENCY
MEDICINE
Content Strategist: Jeremy Bowes
Content Development Specialist: Fiona Conn
Project Manager: Julie Taylor
Designer: Miles Hitchen
Illustration Manager: Jennifer Rose
Illustrator: Ethan Danielson
TEXTBOOK OF
ADULT EMERGENCY
MEDICINE
FOURTH EDITION
EDITED BY
Peter Cameron
MBBS, MD, FACEM
Professor of Emergency Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine,
Monash University, Victoria, Australia;
The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
George Jelinek
MBBS, MD, DipDHM, FACEM
Director, Emergency Practice Innovation Centre, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Australia;
Professorial Fellow, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
Anne-Maree Kelly
MD, MBBS, MClinEd, FACEM, FCCP
Academic Head of Emergency Medicine and Director, Joseph Epstein Centre for Emergency Medicine Research,
Western Health, Melbourne, Australia;
Professorial Fellow, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia;
Adjunct Professor, Faculty of Health, School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of
Technology, Brisbane, Australia
Anthony Brown
MBChB, FRCP, FRCSEd, FACEM, FCEM
Professor of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia;
Senior Staff Specialist, Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
Mark Little
MBBS, FACEM, MPH&TM, DTM&H, IDHA
Emergency Physician and Clinical Toxicologist, Cairns Hospital, Cairns, Queensland, Australia;
Associate Professor, School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, Queensland Tropical Health Alliance,
James Cook University, Queensland, Australia
Edinburgh • London • New York • Oxford • Philadelphia • St Louis • Sydney • Toronto 2015
© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Chapter 26.3 Medical issues in disasters © 2014 World Health Organization. All rights reserved.
Published with permission of the World Health Organization.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without
permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the
Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance
Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions.
This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher
(other than as may be noted herein).
First edition 2000
Second edition 2004
Third edition 2009
Fourth edition 2015
ISBN 978-0-7020-5335-1
Ebook ISBN 978-0-7020-5438-9
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden
our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become
necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and
using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or
methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they
have a professional responsibility.
With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most
current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be
administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and
contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of
their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient,
and to take all appropriate safety precautions.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any
liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or
otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the
material herein.
Printed in China
Preface to Fourth Edition
It is wonderful that this text is now being pub- Most governing bodies overseeing train- such as multiple choice questions and high
lished as a fourth edition. As editors, we have ing schemes around the developed world are quality pictures. A further important feature of
had the privilege to coordinate, probe, push and now realizing that simply teaching a variety the electronic version is that browsers search-
arbitrate the many contributions and ensure the of clinical strategies to front line clinicians will ing for material on a topic will be able to
success of this comprehensive textbook. The not ensure high quality emergency medicine. access individual chapters through the Elsevier
hundreds of experts involved in developing this Understanding the governance, organization site, allowing clinicians to look for particular
text have generously given their time and expert- and training is essential. Training schemes topics that are not covered well by other texts
ise and the result has been worth this effort! for emergency medicine internationally are or articles. We believe, however, that clinicians
It will be evident to readers of the previous now extending beyond the 2–3 years origin- will still require access to one major printed
editions that we have gradually increased the ally required in the USA, when emergency text with a consensus view on major topics.
subject matter over time. This reflects the grow- medicine first developed as a specialty, out to There are many people to thank for the suc-
ing depth and breadth of emergency medicine at least 4–5 years. In addition to basic Board cess of this book. More than 200 contributors
and the increasing expectations of emergency exams, Fellowships are being added in critical have ensured a broad spectrum of opinions and
medicine practitioners. As well as covering the care, pre-hospital, administration, toxicology, consensus on a huge variety of topics. No doubt
mainstream clinical subjects including resuscit- ultrasound, public health and other subspe- their partners, children and significant others
ation, trauma, cardiac, respiratory, gastrointest- cialty interests, to underpin more comprehens- will also have their opinions on the book and the
inal, neurology, musculoskeletal, infectious ive training. The Australasian approach has time involved! Importantly, the outstanding sup-
disease, toxicology and psychiatry – we have always been to have a much longer training port from people at Elsevier led by Fiona Conn
also emphasized the other skills and knowledge scheme (minimum 7 years post-graduate) to as well as Jessica Hocking at Hamad Medical
that are needed by an advanced emergency allow broad clinical exposure and a less nar- Corporation in Qatar have ensured that the oper-
medicine practitioner. Unlike other emergency rowly focused curriculum. This text reflects ational aspects of the programme ran smoothly,
medicine texts, there are major sections on that approach, examining a broad spectrum of for which we are all indebted. Thank you.
administrative issues such as staffing, over- issues with which emergency physicians are
crowding, triage, patient safety and quality. expected to be familiar. Peter Cameron
In addition, difficult topics such as death and This is the first edition to be developed as George Jelinek
dying, the challenging patient, ethics, giving both a print and an electronic version. This has Anne-Maree Kelly
evidence and domestic violence are covered. the advantage that electronic material can be Anthony Brown
There is also an overview of academic emer- accessed without adding multiple extra pages Mark Little
gency medicine, the foundation of clinical emer- and making the printed text unwieldy. It also
gency medicine into the future. allows us the advantage of adding features
xi
Contributors
Jonathan Abrahams, MPH, BSc, Grad Philip Aplin, MBBS, FACEM Michael Baker, MBBS, FACEM(PEM), DipCh
Dip(Population Health), Cert.(Emergency Emergency Physician, Emergency Emergency Physician, Princess Margaret
Management) Department, Flinders Medical Centre, Hospital and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital,
Emergency Risk Management and Adelaide, Australia Perth, Australia
Humanitarian Response, World Health Chapter 8.2 Stroke and transient ischaemic Chapter 4.9 Knee injuries
Organization, Geneva, Switzerland attacks Chapter 4.10 Tibia and fibula injuries
Chapter 26.3 Medical issues in disasters Chapter 4.11 Ankle joint injuries
Michael W Ardagh, ONZM, PhD, MBChB, DCH,
Chapter 4.12 Foot injuries
Nicholas Adams, MBBS FACEM
Emergency Physician, Emergency and Trauma Professor of Emergency Medicine, University of Ashis Banerjee, MBBS, MRCS, LRCP, MS,
Centre, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand FRCS(Eng), FRCS(Edin), FCEM, DTM&H
Chapter 10.1 Acute kidney injury Chapter 25.5 Ethics in emergency Consultant/Lead Clinician, Emergency Medicine,
medicine Chase Farm Hospital, London; Honorary Senior
Muhammad Shuaib Afzal, MBBS, CABMS
Lecturer, University College London Medical
(EM), MCEM Sean Arendse, FACEM, MBBS, BSc, AKC
School, London; Honorary Senior Lecturer,
Emergency Physician, Hamad Medical Emergency Physician, Emergency and Trauma
University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
Corporation, Qatar Centre, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne,
Chapter 7.10 Acute appendicitis
Chapter 9.10 Needlestick injuries and related Australia
blood and body fluid exposures Chapter 9.10 Needlestick injuries and related Simon Baston, RGN, RMN
blood and body fluid exposures Mental Health Liaison Nurse, Liaison Psychiatry,
Peter Aitken, MBBS, FACEM, EMDM, MClinEd
Chapter 10.3 Renal colic Accident and Emergency Department, Northern
Clinical Director – Counter Disaster and Major
Chapter 13.4 Haemophilia General Hospital, Sheffield, UK
Events, Qld Health, Brisbane, Australia
Chapter 13.5 Blood and blood products Chapter 25.1 Mental health and the law: the
Associate Professor School of Public Health,
Australasian and UK perspectives
Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jason Armstrong, FACEM, MBChB
James Cook University, Townsville, Australia Emergency Physician and Clinical Toxicologist, Anthony J Bell, MBBS, FACEM, MBA
Chapter 26.9 Public health and emergency Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth; Director, Emergency Department, Queen
medicine Medical Director, Western Australia Poisons Elizabeth II Jubilee Hospital, Brisbane;
Associate Professor, School of Medicine,
Information Centre, Perth, Australia
Sam Alfred, MBBS, FACEM, Dip Tox
University of Queensland, Queensland,
Chapter 29.9 Antidiabetic drugs
Emergency Physician and Clinical Toxicologist,
Australia
Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia Richard H Ashby, AM, MBBS, BHA, FRACGP, Chapter 22.3 Procedural sedation and
Chapter 29.17 Hydrofluoric acid
FACEM, FIFEM, FRACMA analgesia
Peter Allely, MBBCh, BAO, FCEM, FACEM Chief Executive, Metro South Health, Brisbane,
Stephen A Bernard, MD, FACEM, FCICM, FCCM
Emergency Physician, Sir Charles Gairdner Australia
Senior Staff Specialist, The Intensive Care Unit,
Hospital, Perth, Australia Chapter 27.4 Business planning
Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Chapter 4.6 Pelvic injuries
Michael R Augello, MBBS, FACEM Chapter 1.1 Basic Life Support
Chapter 4.7 Hip injuries
Emergency Physician, Emergency Department, Chapter 2.1 Airway and ventilation
Chapter 4.8 Femur injuries
St Vincent’s Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria; Honorary management
Sylvia Andrew-Starkey, MBBS, FACEM Fellow, Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Chapter 2.7 Cerebral resuscitation after cardiac
Emergency Department, Caboolture Hospital, Hospital, University of Melboune, Melbourne, arrest
Caboolture, Queensland, Australia Australia Chapter 26.1 Pre-hospital emergency
Chapter 20.1 Mental state assessment Chapter 7.14 Perianal conditions medicine
xiii
CONTRIBUTORS CONTRIBUTORS
Shom Bhattacharjee, MBBS, FRACP of Emergency Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Michael Cadogan, FACEM
Consultant Physician and Rheumatologist, The Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, Australia Clinical Senior Lecturer (UWA), Staff Specialist
Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia Chapter 2.8 Anaphylaxis in Emergency Medicine, Department of
Chapter 14.3 Polyarthritis Chapter 11.1 Diabetes mellitus and Emergency Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner
hypoglycaemia: an overview Hospital, Perth, Australia
Peter Bosanac, MBBS, MMed (Psychiatry), MD,
Chapter 11.2 Diabetic ketoacidosis and Chapter 4.6 Pelvic injuries
FRANZCP
hyperosmolar, hyperglycaemic state Chapter 4.7 Hip injuries
Director Clinical Services, St Vincent's Mental
Chapter 14.4 Musculoskeletal and soft-tissue Chapter 4.8 Femur injuries
Health, Melbourne, Australia
emergencies Chapter 4.9 Knee injuries
Chapter 20.3 Deliberate self-harm/suicide
Chapter 19.4 Abnormal vaginal bleeding in the Chapter 4.10 Tibia and fibula injuries
David A Bradt, MD, MPH, DTM&H, FACEM, non-pregnant patient Chapter 4.11 Ankle joint injuries
FAFPHM, FAAEM Chapter 22.2 Local anaesthesia Chapter 4.12 Foot injuries
Center for Refugee and Disaster Response, Chapter 19.6 Pelvic pain
Sheila Bryan, MBBS, FACEM, BSc(Hons), CHPE,
Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions,
Dip Ven, GDHSM, GCClinSim Peter Cameron, MBBS, MD, FACEM
Baltimore, USA
Emergency Physician, Monash Health, Victoria, Professor of Emergency Medicine, Department
Chapter 26.3 Medical issues in disasters
Australia of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine,
George Braitberg, MBBS, FACEM, Grad Dip Epi Chapter 19.2 Ectopic pregnancy and bleeding Monash University; The Alfred Hospital,
and Biostatistics in early pregnancy Melbourne, Australia
Professor of Emergency Medicine, Southern Chapter 19.3 Bleeding after the first trimester Introduction
Clinical School, Monash University and Director of pregnancy Chapter 3.1 Trauma overview
of Emergency Medicine Monash Health, Chapter 19.4 Abnormal vaginal bleeding in the
Gregory Cham, MBBS, FRCSEd, FAMS
Melbourne, Australia non-pregnant patient
Senior Consultant, Department of Emergency
Chapter 29.15 Cyanide Chapter 19.5 Pelvic inflammatory disease
Medicine, Alexandra Hospital, Singapore
Crispijn van den Brand, MD Nicholas Buckley, MD, FRACP Chapter 6.8 Haemoptysis
Emergency Physician, Medisch Centrum Professor of Medicine, Prince of Wales
Betty Shuk Han Chan, MBBS, PhD, FACEM
Haaglanden, The Hague, The Netherlands Clinical School, The University of New South
Emergency Physician and Clinical Toxicologist,
Chapter 4.1 Injuries of the shoulder Wales, Sydney; Senior Staff Specialist, New
Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South
Chapter 4.4 Fractures of the forearm and carpal South Wales Poisons Information Centre, The
Wales; Clinical Toxicologist, New South Wales
bones Children’s Hospital at Westmead, New South
Poisons Information Centre, The Children’s
Wales, Australia
Victoria Brazil, MBBS, FACEM, MBA Hospital at Westmead, New South Wales,
Chapter 29.20 Carbon monoxide
Staff Specialist, Department of Emergency Australia
Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Lyndal Bugeja, BA(Hons), PhD Chapter 29.2 Cardiovascular drugs
Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
Manager, Coroners Prevention Unit, Coroners
Kim Chai Chan, MBBS, FRCSEd(A&E)
Chapter 24.5 Postgraduate emergency Court of Victoria, Melbourne; Adjunct Research
Senior Consultant, Department of Emergency
medicine teaching and simulation Fellow, Monash Injury Research Institute,
Medicine, Alexandra Hospital, JurongHealth,
Richard J Brennan, MBBS, MPH, FACEM, Monash University, Victoria, Australia Singapore
FIFEM Chapter 21.3 Family violence Chapter 7.2 Approach to abdominal pain
Director, Department of Emergency Risk
Management and Humanitarian Response, Simon Byrne, BA(Hons), MBBS, FRANZCP Rabind Charles, MBBS, FRCSEd(A&E)
Consultant Psychiatrist, Departments of
World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland Senior Consultant, Department of Emergency
Psychiatry and Emergency Medicine, Sir
Medicine, Alexandra Hospital, Singapore
Chapter 26.3 Medical issues in disasters
Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth; Clinical Senior
Chapter 9.5 Skin and soft-tissue infections
Edward Brentnall, MBBS, DipObstetrics(RCOG), Lecturer, University of Western Australia, Perth,
FACEM Australia Raymond Chi Hung Cheng, MBChB, MRCS,
Retired Emergency Physician Melbourne, Chapter 20.4 Depression FHKAM
Victoria, Australia Chapter 20.5 Psychosis Associate Consultant, Emergency and Trauma
Chapter 25.3 Consent and competence – the Chapter 20.6 Pharmacological management of Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
Australasian and UK perspectives the aroused patient Chapter 4.2 Fractures of the humerus
Chapter 4.3 Dislocations of the elbow
Anthony Brown, MBChB, FRCP, FRCSEd, FACEM, Adam B Bystrzycki, MBBS, FACEM
FCEM Staff Specialist, Emergency Department, The Angela Chiew, BSc(Med)MBBS, FACEM
Professor of Emergency Medicine, Discipline Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia Emergency Physician and Clinical Toxicologist,
of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, School Chapter 14.1 Rheumatological emergencies Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South
of Medicine, University of Queensland, Chapter 14.2 Monoarthritis Wales, Australia
Queensland; Senior Staff Specialist, Department Chapter 14.3 Polyarthritis Chapter 29.2 Cardiovascular drugs
xiv
CONTRIBUTORS
Chi-Keong Ching, MBBS, MRCP, FAMS, FHRS Stuart Dilley, MBBS, FACEM Linas Dziukas, MBBS, MD, FRACP, FACEM C
Director, Cardiac Pacing & Electrophysiology, Emergency Physician, St Vincent’s Hospital, Emergency Physician, The Alfred Hospital,
National Heart Centre Singapore; Assistant Senior Fellow, Department of Medicine, Melbourne, Australia o
Professor, Duke-National University of Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Chapter 10.1 Acute kidney injury
n
Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
Chapter 5.4 Arrhythmias Chapter 6.8 Haemoptysis Robert Edwards, MBBS, FACEM
t
Senior Staff Specialist, Emergency Medicine;
Matthew WG Chu, MBBS(Hons), FACEM Simon Dimmick, BPTHY, MBBS(Hons), FRANZCR Senior Staff Specialist, Department of Trauma, r
Senior Specialist, Emergency Medicine Director, Department of Radiology, Royal North Shore Westmead Hospital, New South Wales; Clinical
Medical Assessment Unit Hospital, St Leonards, Australia Senior Lecturer Emergency Medicine, Western i
b
Director of Prevocational Education and Training, Chapter 3.8 Radiology in major trauma Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Sydney,
Canterbury Hospital, Sydney, Australia Jenny Dowd, MD, FRANZCOG Australia u
Chapter 27.2 Emergency department layout Chapter 29.14 Methaemoglobinaemia
Obstetrician, Royal Women’s Hospital,
t
Flavia M Cicuttini, MBBS, PhD, MSc, DLSHTM, Melbourne, Australia
Diana Egerton-Warburton, MBBS, FACEM,
FRACP, FAFPHM Chapter 19.3 Bleeding after the first trimester o
M Clin Epi
Head, Musculoskeletal Unit, Head of pregnancy
Emergency Physician, Monash Medical Centre,
Rheumatology Unit, The Alfred Hospital, r
Melbourne; Department of Epidemiology Robert Dowsett, BM, BS, FACEM Monash Health; Adjunct Senior Lecturer,
and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Visiting Medical Officer, Clinical Toxicology, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, s
Victoria, Australia Drug Health Service, Western Hospital, Victoria; Melbourne, Australia
Visiting Medical Officer, New South Wales Chapter 26.9 Public health and emergency
Chapter 14.1 Rheumatological emergencies
Poisons Information Centre, The Children’s medicine
Chapter 14.2 Monoarthritis
Hospital at Westmead, New South Wales; Senior
Chapter 14.3 Polyarthritis Tor NO Ercleve, BSc, MBChB, FACEM
Lecturer, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and
James Collier, MBBS, FACEM Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Consultant, Emergency Medicine, Sir Charles
Co-Director, Emergency Medicine, Princess Melbourne, Australia Gairdner Hospital, Perth; Senior Clinical
Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia Lecturer, Emergency Medicine, University
Chapter 29.16 Corrosive ingestion
Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
Chapter 27.5 Accreditation, specialist training
and recognition in Australasia Pieter van Driel, DEMT, FNVSHA Chapter 22.2 Local anaesthesia
Emergency Physician, St Elisabeth Hospital,
Michael Coman, MBBS, FACEM Tilburg, Netherlands Maisse Farhan, MBBS, MRCSEd, FCEM
Department of Emergency Medicine, Monash Emergency Department, Western Health,
Chapter 3.3 Spinal trauma
Medical Centre, Monash Health Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
Victoria, Australia Dino Druda, BMedSci(Hons), MBBS, MRCP, Chapter 5.9 Hypertension
Chapter 5.10 Aortic dissection FACEM
Daniel M Fatovich, MBBS, FACEM, PhD
Emergency Physician and Fellow in Clinical
Julie Considine, RN, RM, BN, Cert Acute Care Professor of Emergency Medicine, Royal Perth
Toxicology, Emergency Department, Austin
Nurs, Gdip Nurs, GCert Higher Ed, MN, PhD, FACN Hospital, University of Western Australia, Centre
Health, Melbourne, Australia
Professor of Nursing, Deakin University/Director, for Clinical Research in Emergency Medicine,
Chapter 29.3 Antipsychotic drugs
Eastern Health – Deakin University Nursing and Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research,
Chapter 29.4 Antidepressant drugs
Midwifery Research Centre, Victoria, Australia Perth, Australia
Chapter 26.8 Rapid response systems and the Martin Duffy, MBBS, MMed, FACEM Chapter 22.1 General pain management
emergency department Senior Staff Specialist, Emergency Medicine, Chapter 28.6 Electric shock and lightning
Chapter 27.1 Emergency department staffing St Vincent’s Hospital, New South Wales, injury
Australia
Geoffrey A Couser, FACEM, Grad Cert ULT Louise Finnel, MBChB, FACEM, PGDipClinEd
Chapter 6.5 Chronic obstructive pulmonary
Associate Professor, School of Medicine, Emergency Physician, Emergency
disease
University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania; Department, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland,
Staff Specialist, Emergency Department, Royal Steven J Dunjey, MBBS, FACEM, DDU New Zealand
Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia Senior Consultant, Emergency Medicine, Royal Chapter 7.11 Inflammatory bowel disease
Chapter 24.4 Undergraduate teaching in Perth Hospital, Australia
Mark Fitzgerald, MBBS, FACEM
emergency medicine Chapter 23.2 CT scanning in emergency medicine
Director, Trauma Service, The Alfred Hospital,
Roslyn Crampton, MBBS, FACEM Rebecca Dunn, MBBS Melbourne; Medical Adviser, Ambulance
Senior Staff Specialist, Emergency Medicine Consultant Dermatologist, Department of Victoria, Melbourne; Professor, Department
and Forensic Medical Service, Westmead Dermatology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, of Surgery, Central Clinical School, Monash
Hospital, New South Wales, Australia Parkville, Victoria, Australia University, Victoria, Australia
Chapter 21.2 Sexual assault Chapter 15.1 Emergency dermatology Chapter 3.6 Chest trauma
xv
CONTRIBUTORS CONTRIBUTORS
Peter Freeman, MBChB, FCEM, FACEM Adrian Goudie, B Med Sci(Hons), MBBS, FACEM, Naren Gunja, MBBS, MSc, FACEM, FACMT
Director of Emergency Medicine, Department DDU Clinical Toxicologist, New South Wales
of Emergency Medicine, Rotorua Hospital, Emergency Physician, Emergency Department, Poisons Information Centre, The Children’s
Rotorua, New Zealand Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Australia Hospital at Westmead; Emergency Physician
Chapter 4.5 Hand injuries Chapter 23.1 Emergency department and Toxicologist, Emergency Department,
ultrasound Westmead Hospital, Sydney; Clinical Associate
James K Galbraith, MBBS, FRANZCO, FRACS
Professor, Discipline of Emergency Medicine,
Ophthalmology Department, The Royal Colin A Graham, MBChB, MPH, MD, FRCPEd,
Sydney Medical School, Australia
Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia FRCSEd, FRCSGlasg, FIMCRCSEd, FCCP, FCEM,
Chapter 29.6 Antihistamine and anticholinergic
Chapter 16.1 Ocular emergencies FHKCEM, FHKAM(Emergency Medicine)
poisoning
Professor of Emergency Medicine, Chinese
Peter Garrett, MBBS, BSc(Hons), FCICM, FACEM, University of Hong Kong; Honorary Consultant Barry Gunn, MBBS, FACEM
FCEM in Emergency Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, Emergency Physician, Department of
Director, Critical Care, Noosa Hospital, Noosa; Shatin, Hong Kong; Editor-in-Chief, European Emergency Medicine, Sunshine Hospital,
Senior Staff Specialist, Intensive Care, Sunshine Journal of Emergency Medicine, London, UK Melbourne, Australia
Coast Health Service, Sunshine Coast, Chapter 5.7 Heart valve emergencies Chapter 5.9 Hypertension
Queensland, Australia Chapter 5.8 Peripheral vascular disease
Chapter 2.4 Shock overview Chapter 7.6 Haematemesis and melaena Andrew Haig, MBBS, FACEM, DDU
Chapter 27.7 Complaints Director of Emergency Medicine,
Andis Graudins, MBBS(Hons), PhD The Mater Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
Alan Gault, MBChB, BAO, BAHSc, FACEM Professor of Emergency Medicine and Clinical
Chapter 23.1 Emergency department ultrasound
Emergency Department, Sir Charles Gairdner Toxicology Research, Monash University, Victoria;
Hospital, Perth, Australia Principle Specialist in Emergency Medicine and Richard D Hardern, MBChSCB, FRCP(Ed), FCEM
Chapter 12.1 Acid—base disorders Clinical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Consultant and Honorary Clinical Lecturer,
Medicine, Monash Health, Victoria; Visiting Emergency Medicine, University Hospital of
Michael J Gingold, BMedSc(Hon), MBBS(Hon),
Consultant Clinical Toxicologist, New South North Durham, Durham, UK
FRACP
Wales Poisons Information Centre, The Children’s Chapter 11.2 Diabetic ketoacidosis and
Consultant, Department of Rheumatology, The
Hospital at Westmead, New South Wales, Australia hyperosmolar, hyperglycaemic state
Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
Chapter 29.6 Antihistamine and anticholinergic
Chapter 14.1 Rheumatological emergencies Jason Harney, MBBS, BMedSci, FACEM
poisoning
Chapter 14.2 Monoarthritis Emergency Physician, Department of
Chapter 29.7 Paracetamol
Emergency Medicine, Sunshine Hospital,
Robert Gocentas, MBBS, DipClinEpi, FACEM Chapter 29.8 Salicylate
Melbourne, Australia
Emergency Department, The Alfred Hospital, Chapter 29.17 Hydrofluoric acid
Chapter 5.6 Pericarditis, cardiac tamponade
Melbourne, Australia
Tim Gray, MBBS, FACEM, Grad Cert Emerg Health and myocarditis
Chapter 3.6 Chest trauma
Senior Lecturer, Central Clinical School, Monash
E Shaun Goh, MBBS, MRCSEd, FAMS, FCEM, MSc University, Victoria; Director of Education and Roger Harris, MBBS, FACEM
Consultant, Acute and Emergency Care Center, Training, Adult Retrieval Victoria,Victoria, Australia Emergency Physician, Royal North Shore
Hospital, University of Sydney, New South
Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore; Chairman, Chapter 3.11 Burns
Wales, Australia
Trauma Committee, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital,
Digby Green, BSc, MBChB, FACEM Chapter 3.8 Radiology in major trauma
Singapore; Consultant, Unit for Prehospital
Emergency Physician, Cairns Base
Emergency Care, Singapore; Senior Clinical Hospital,Cairns, Australia James Hayes, MB, BS, FACEM
Lecturer, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Chapter 29.8 Salicylate Staff Specialist, The Northern Hospital, Epping,
National University of Singapore, Singapore Victoria, Australia
Chapter 7.13 Rectal bleeding Tim Green, MBBS, FACEM Chapter 5.6 Pericarditis, cardiac tamponade
Director, Emergency Department, Royal Prince
and myocarditis
Neil A Goldie, MBBS, FACEM Alfred Hospital, Sydney; Clinical Senior Lecturer,
Director of Emergency Medicine, Dandenong Sydney Medical School, Sydney University, Kenneth Heng, MBBS, FRCS (Edin)A&E, FCEM
Hospital, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia Sydney, Australia Senior Consultant, Emergency Department,
Chapter 7.4 Hernia Chapter 8.7 Weakness Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore; Adjunct
Assistant Professor, Yong Loo Lin School of
Steve Goodacre, MBChB, MRCP, Dip IMC, FCEM, Shaun Greene, MBChB, MSc, FACEM
Medicine, Singapore
MSc, PhD Emergency Physician, Austin Hospital, Austin
Chapter 7.9 Pancreatitis
Professor of Emergency Medicine, University Health, Melbourne; Clinical Toxicologist,
of Sheffield, School of Health and Related Victorian Poisons Information Service, Ruth Hew, MBBS, BA, MSc(Clin Epi), FACEM
Research, Sheffield, UK Melbourne, Australia Emergency Physician, Sunshine Hospital,
Chapter 5.1 Chest pain Chapter 29.3 Antipsychotic drugs Melbourne, Australia
Chapter 5.2 Acute coronary syndromes Chapter 29.4 Antidepressant drugs Chapter 8.4 Altered conscious state
xvi