Text, Speech and Dialogue: 8th International Conference, TSD 2005, Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic, September 12-15, 2005. Proceedings PDF
Preview Text, Speech and Dialogue: 8th International Conference, TSD 2005, Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic, September 12-15, 2005. Proceedings
Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 3658 EditedbyJ.G.CarbonellandJ.Siekmann Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science Václav Matoušek Pavel Mautner Tomáš Pavelka (Eds.) Text, Speech and Dialogue 8th International Conference, TSD 2005 KarlovyVary,CzechRepublic,September12-15,2005 Proceedings 1 3 SeriesEditors JaimeG.Carbonell,CarnegieMellonUniversity,Pittsburgh,PA,USA JörgSiekmann,UniversityofSaarland,Saarbrücken,Germany VolumeEditors VáclavMatoušek PavelMautner TomášPavelka UniversityofWestBohemiainPilsen DepartmentofComputerScience Univerzitni8,30614Plzen,CzechRepublic E-mail:{matousek,mautner,tpavelka}@kiv.zcu.cz LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2005931927 CRSubjectClassification(1998):I.2.7,I.2,H.3,H.4,I.7 ISSN 0302-9743 ISBN-10 3-540-28789-2SpringerBerlinHeidelbergNewYork ISBN-13 978-3-540-28789-6SpringerBerlinHeidelbergNewYork Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,re-useofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting, reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublication orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9,1965, initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Violationsareliable toprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw. SpringerisapartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia springeronline.com ©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2005 PrintedinGermany Typesetting:Camera-readybyauthor,dataconversionbyOlgunComputergrafik Printedonacid-freepaper SPIN:11551874 06/3142 543210 Preface TheInternationalConferenceTSD2005,the8theventintheseriesonText,Speech,and Dialogue, which originated in 1998, presented state-of-the-art technology and recent achievementsinthefieldofnaturallanguageprocessing.Itdeclareditsintenttobean interdisciplinaryforum,intertwiningresearchinspeechandlanguageprocessingwith its applicationsin everydaypractice.We feelthat the mixtureof differentapproaches and applications offered a great opportunityto get acquainted with the current activ- ities in all aspects of languagecommunicationand to witness the amazing vitality of researchersfromdevelopingcountriestoo.ThefinancialsupportoftheISCA(Interna- tionalSpeechCommunicationAssociation)enabledthewideattendanceofresearchers fromallactiveregionsoftheworld. Thisyear’sconferencewaspartiallyorientedtowardsmulti-modalhuman-computer interaction(HCI),whichcanbeseenasthemostattractivetopicofHCIatthepresent time. Inthisway,weare involvedin a richcomplexof communicativeactivity,facial expressions,handgestures,directionofgaze,tonamebutthemostobviousones.The interpretationofeachuserutterancedependsonthecontext,prosody,facialexpressions (e.g.browsraised,browsandgazebothraised)andgestures.Hearershavetoadaptto thespeaker(e.g.maintainingthethemeoftheconversation,smilingetc.).Researchinto the interactionof these channelsis howeverlimited, oftenfocusingon the interaction betweenapairofchannels.Sixsignificantscientificresultsachievedinthisareainthe USA, Japan, Switzerland, Germany, The Netherlands, and the Czech Republic were presentedbykeynotespeakersinspecialplenarysessions.Further,approx.35%ofall submittedpapersandtheirpresentationswereorientedtowardsmulti-modalinteraction aswell. This volume contains a collection of all the papers presented at the international conferenceorganizedbytheFacultyofAppliedSciencesoftheUniversityofWestBo- hemia in Pilsen in collaborationwith the Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University inBrno,andheldintheworld-famousspatownKarlovyVary (WestBohemia,Czech Republic), September 12–16, 2005. Theoretical and more general contributions were presented in common (plenary) sessions. Problem oriented sessions as well as panel discussionsthenbroughttogetherthespecialistsinlimitedproblemareaswiththeaim of exchangingthe knowledge and skills resulting from research projects of all kinds. Each of the submitted paperswas thoroughlyreviewedby three membersof the con- ference reviewing team consisting of more than 40 top specialists in the conference topicareas.Atotalof52acceptedpapersoutof134submitted,altogethercontributed by131authorsandco-authors,wereselectedforpresentationattheconferencebythe programcommitteeandthenincludedinthisbook. Wewouldliketogratefullythanktheinvitedspeakersandtheauthorsofthepapers fortheirvaluablecontributionsandtheISCAforitsfinancialsupport.Lastbutnotleast, wewouldliketoexpressourgratitudetotheauthorsforprovidingtheirpapersontime, to the members of the conference reviewing team and program committee for their carefulreviewsandpaperselection,totheeditorsfortheirhardworkinpreparingthis volume,andtothemembersofthelocalorganizingcommitteefortheirenthusiasmin organizingtheconference. June2005 Va´clavMatousˇek Organization TSD 2005wasorganizedbytheFacultyofAppliedSciences,UniversityofWestBo- hemiainPlzenˇ (Pilsen),incooperationwiththeFacultyofInformatics,MasarykUni- versityinBrno,CzechRepublic.TheconferenceWeb–pageislocatedatURL: http://www.kiv.zcu.cz/events/tsd2005/. ProgramCommittee FrederickJelinek (USA), generalchair HynekHeˇrmansky´ (Switzerland), executivechair EnekoAgirre (Spain) Genevie`veBaudoin (France) JanCˇernocky´ (CzechRepublic) AttilaFerencz (Romania) AlexanderGelbukh (Mexico) EvaHajicˇova´ (CzechRepublic) JaroslavaHlava´cˇova´ (CzechRepublic) EduardHovy (USA) IvanKopecˇek (CzechRepublic) StevenKrauwer (TheNetherlands) RameshKrishnamurthy (UK) CvetanaKrstev (Serbia) Va´clavMatousˇek (CzechRepublic) ChaficMokbel (Lebanon) ElmarNo¨th (Germany) KarelOliva (Austria) KarelPala (CzechRepublic) NikolaPavesˇic´, (Slovenia) Vladim´ırPetkevicˇ (CzechRepublic) FabioPianesi (Italy) JosefPsutka (CzechRepublic) JamesPustejovsky (USA) Le´onJ.M.Rothkrantz (TheNetherlands) ErnstGu¨nterSchukat-Talamazzini (Germany) PavelSkrelin (Russia) PavelSmrzˇ (CzechRepublic) TarasVintsiuk (Ukraine) YorickWilks (UK) VictorZacharov (Russia) VIII Organization Local Organizing Committee Va´clav Matousˇek(chair),David Andrsˇ,Milan Bera´nek, KamilEksˇtein,Jana Hesova´, SvatavaKindlova´,JanaKlecˇkova´,MiloslavKonop´ık,JanaKrutisˇova´,Toma´sˇMarsˇa´lek, Pavel Mautner, Michal Merta, Roman Moucˇek, Helena Pta´cˇkova´ (secretary), Toma´sˇ Pavelka,PavelSlav´ık Supportedby: InternationalSpeechCommunicationAssociation (ISCA) About Karlovy Vary KarlovyVary(Carlsbad)isthelargestandbest-knownspaintheCzechRepublic.The townislocatednotfarfromtheCzech-Germanborder.ThedistancebetweenKarlovy VaryandPrague,theCzechcapital,is125km.Thealtitudeofthetownis370mabove sealevelandsurroundinghillsreachupto644m.Theclimateisfoothills.Thetownhas 55,000inhabitants.Thearchitectureandthedesignofthisspacityarecloselyconnected withthefunctionofthiscityofsprings.Thecityor,moreprecisely,thecity’sspacentre, whichisthemostattractivepartfromthevisitors’pointofview,issituatedaroundthe meanderingTepla´ River.Theriverhasbeencuttingthroughthehillylandscapefullof forestsandothervegetationsinceancienttimes. The oldest recordsof the settlement of this area go back roughly to the mid-14th century,whenthevalleyaroundHotSpringbegantobesettledonacontinuousbasis. Thewrittenhistoryofthespacitybeganon14August1370whenCharlesIVgranted the existingsettlementfreedomsand rightsenjoyedbythe nearbyroyalcity ofLoket atthattime.TheprivilegedstatusofKarlovyVaryasaspaisshownbyagreatnumber ofgrantedprivilegesconfirmedbytheBohemianrulersonanongoingbasisuntil1858. TheKarlovyVaryspa consistedin particularofbathsfromthe MiddleAgesuntilthe late 16th century. Drinking the waters started to gain ground at the suggestion of the doctorVa´clavPayerwhopublishedhisfirstexpertbookontheKarlovyVaryspatreat- mentinLeipzigin1522.Inhisbook,herecommendedthermalwaterdrinkingbesides takingbaths.ThelocaldoctorsMichaelReudeniusandJohannStephanStrobelberger becameotherenthusiasticpromotersofdrinkingthewatersinKarlovyVaryafter1600. TheinitialGothicandRenaissancetown,later bearingthe imprintofthe Baroque style,wasseriouslydamagedbytwolargefiresin1604and1759.Thefollowingstage of development, placed in the time period from the beginning to the first half of the 19thcentury,wasoverriddenbytheperiodofurbanandarchitecturaldevelopmentof thesettlementthatfollowedafterwards.ThebuildingsintheClassicist,Empire,Rococo orBiedermaierstylesthatwereoutdatedornotcorrespondingto thenewspiritofthe time were graduallycleared to make space for the developmentsthat already had the parametersrequiredforexistenceinabynowworld-famousspa.Thisperiodfallsinto thelastthirdofthe19thcenturyandcontinuesintothebeginningofthe20thcentury. Buildings,structures,parks,foresttrailsandotheramenitiesoftheurbanenvironment thatwerecomingintoexistenceinthisspanoftimegivethefacetothemodernKarlovy Vary,aswell. Forthisreason,thecity spacentreis admiredfortheunitybutnotuni- formityofitsstyleandarchitecture.Uniformityiseliminatedasthearchitectureofthe cityisimbuedwiththespiritofhistoricism,eclecticismandArtNouveau. KarlovyVaryisacityofcolonnades.Thebest-knowncolonnade,whicheveryspa visitorissuretosee,istheHotSpringColonnade.Overthetimeofthecity’sexistence, it has changed its appearance several times. The original wooden garden-house over HotSpringitselfandthewoodentroughsacrosstheTepla´riverdistributingthethermal watertoseparatehousesinTrzˇisˇteˇ vanishedlongago.Thefineanddelicatecolonnade intheEmpirestylehasdisappearedaswell.Alsotheimposingcolonnadeofcastiron X AboutKarlovyVary was removedthanksto the secondworldwar. The presentcolonnadeconformsto the timewhenitwaserected.Theglassbodyofthemassivecolonnadeoftoday,muchtoo robustandnotreallymatchingthedelicateenvironmentofthespa,isawaitingageneral renovationthatistotakeplaceshortly.Itshouldconvertthecolonnadeintoatempleof health,correspondingtothelocalatmosphere.TheMillColonnadeshouldbedeclared asparamounttoalloftheothersinthecity.NoneotherthanJosefZ´ıtek,therenowned architectoftheNeo-Renaissancestyle,isitsauthor.Itisastructurefeaturingthemain three-bay hall spatially zoned with Corinthian columns bearing the panel ceiling of the main terrace. Roughly in the middle, the hall is widened with a semicircle niche servingasanorchestrapit.ThecentralpartsofthecolonnadeareemphasizedbyZ´ıtek’s pavilion,partlyusedasaspacafe´.Theterraceoverthepavilionandtheterracereferred toabovearefloodlitandusedasaspapromenade.Anothercolonnade,soinseparable from the local colour of Karlovy Vary, is the Market Colonnade. It was constructed in1883inplaceoftheformertownhall.Immediatelyaftertheerection,thecolonnade wasextendedtoformastreetfrontagewithsmallshopsdesignedinasimilarstyle.Both ofthestructuresarelinked,constructedofwood,andtheirarchitecturalimpressionis clearlythatofaspa. KarlovyVarycanbeproudofitsextraordinaryrichculturaltradition.Itiscausedin particularbycenturies-oldvisitstothespacity.Everyvisitor,notonlythefamousones, hasbeenanassetandvaluabletestimonialforKarlovyVary.Thatiswhytheinhabitants ofKarlovyVaryhavealwaysrespectedtheirguestsverymuchandhavetriedtomake theirspastaypleasantineverywaypossible.ThespasocietymeetinginKarlovyVary has been gaining in international character since the early 18th century. Besides the aristocracy,theEuropeanculturedelitehavelikedtostayclosetotheThermalSpring. Visits of celebrities are a traditional speciality of Karlovy Vary and have had a great impactonandhaveenrichedthecity’shistory.KarlovyVaryhasbeenpopularinpar- ticularamongcelebritiesfromtheworldsofmusic,literatureandpoetry.Makingalist offamousguestsofKarlovyVaryaccordingtotheirpopularityattheThermalSpring, we shouldplaceJohannWolfgangGoethe,a Germanpoet,first, andthe Russian czar Peter the Great undoubtedly second. Both of the men went down in the cultural his- toryofKarlovyVaryinaverysignificantmanner.TheirstayinthemostfamousCzech spaiscommemoratedbydozensofmemorialplaques,monuments,books,storiesand legends. Karlovy Vary has not only its spa centre, but also surrounding satellite quarters graduallyaffiliatedtotheoriginalhistoricalcentre.Similartoothertownsinthecountry, thesedistrictsprovidehousingformostofthepopulationinamoreorlesssuccessful way.Also,manufacturingfacilitiesandservicesareconcentratedthere.Moserglassand Karlovarska´ Becherovka(38% alcohol, 10% sugar,known as “the 13th spring”),are thetraditionalspecialtiesofKarlovyVary.TheKarlovyVaryInternationalFilmFestival annuallypresentsmorethan200categoryAfilmsfromthewholeworld.Thelast,the 40thInternationalFilm Festival,was organizedJuly1–9,2005andattendedbymany world-famousfilmstars. Table of Contents Invited Talks LanguageModelingExperimentswithRandomForests ..................... 1 FrederickJelinek TheRoleofSpeechinMultimodalHuman-ComputerInteraction ............. 2 HynekHermansky,PetrFousek,andMikkoLehtonen WhyIstheRecognitionofSpontaneousSpeechsoHard?.................... 9 SadaokiFurui,MasanobuNakamura,TomohisaIchiba,andKojiIwano OntheAcousticComponentsinMultimediaPresentations................... 23 KlausFellbaumandBettinaKetzmerick FusingDataStreamsinContinuousAudio-VisualSpeechRecognition ......... 33 LeonJ.M.Rothkrantz,JacekC.Wojdeł,andPascalWiggers SpeechBasedUserInterfaceforUserswithSpecialNeeds................... 45 PavelSlav´ık,VladislavNeˇmec,andAdamJ.Sporka Text AutomaticConstructionofaValencyLexiconofCzechAdjectives ............ 56 Drahom´ıra“Johanka”Dolezˇalova´ WebTranscribe–AnExtensibleWeb-BasedSpeechAnnotationFramework..... 61 ChristophDraxler LearningSyntacticPatternsUsingBoosting andOtherClassifierCombinationSchemas ............................... 69 Andra´sHo´cza,La´szlo´ Felfo¨ldi,andAndra´sKocsor TextClassificationwithTournamentMethods ............................. 77 LouiseGuthrie,WeiLiu,andYunqingXia NewMeta-grammarConstructsinCzechLanguageParsersynt.............. 85 AlesˇHora´kandVladim´ırKadlec AnaphorainCzech:LargeDataandExperiments withAutomaticAnaphoraResolution ................................... 93 LucieKucˇova´ andZdeneˇkZˇabokrtsky´ XII TableofContents ValencyLexiconofCzechVerbsVALLEX:RecentExperiments withFrameDisambiguation ........................................... 99 Marke´taLopatkova´,OndrˇejBojar,Jirˇ´ıSemecky´,Va´clavaBenesˇova´, andZdeneˇkZˇabokrtsky´ AARLISS–AnAlgorithmforAnaphoraResolution inLong-DistanceInterSententialScenarios............................... 107 MiroslavMartinovic,AnthonyCurley,andJohnGaskins DetectionandCorrectionofMalapropismsinSpanish byMeansofInternetSearch........................................... 115 IgorA.Bolshakov,SofiaN.Galicia-Haro,andAlexanderGelbukh TheSzegedTreebank ................................................ 123 Do´raCsendes,Ja´nosCsirik,TiborGyimo´thy,andAndra´sKocsor AutomaticLemmatizerConstructionwithFocusonOOVWordsLemmatization . 132 JakubKanisandLudeˇkMu¨ller ModelingSyntaxofFreeWord-OrderLanguages: DependencyAnalysisbyReduction .................................... 140 Marke´taLopatkova´,MartinPla´tek,andVladislavKubonˇ MorphologicalMeaningsinthePragueDependencyTreebank2.0 ............ 148 MagdaRaz´ımova´ andZdeneˇkZˇabokrtsky´ AutomaticAcquisitionofaSlovakLexiconfromaRawCorpus .............. 156 BenoˆıtSagot EquilibriumPointsofSingle-LayeredNeuralNetworkswithFeedback andApplicationsintheAnalysisofTextDocuments........................ 164 AlexanderShmelevandVyacheslavAvdeychik ASyntaxandSemanticsLinkingAlgorithmfortheChineseLanguage ......... 171 ZhouQiangandDangZhengfa FuzzyInformationRetrievalIndexedbyConceptIdentification ............... 179 Bo-YeongKang,Dae-WonKim,andHae-JungKim AThemeAllocationforaSentenceBasedonHeadDrivenPatterns............ 187 Bo-YeongKangandSung-HyonMyaeng Speech AHybridApproachtoStatisticalLanguageModeling withMultilayerPerceptronsandUnigrams ............................... 195 FernandoBlat,Mar´ıaJose´ Castro,SalvadorTortajada, andJoanAndreuSa´nchez
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