TEXAS WILDFLOWERS TEXAS NATURAL HISTORY GUIDES™ TEXAS WILD FLOWERS A FIELD GUIDE Revised Edition Campbell and Lynn Loughmiller Lynn Sherrod, Technical Editor Updated by Damon Waitt, Lady Bird Johnson Wildflowcr Center Foreword to the First Edition by Lady Bird Johnson UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS PRESS Austin Copyright © by the University of Texas Press Revised edition, 2006 First edition, 1984 All rights reserved Printed in China Second printing, 2008 Requests for permission to reproduce material from this work should be sent to: Permissions University of Texas Press P.O. Box 7819 Austin, TX 78713-7819 www.utexas.edu/utpress/about/bpermission.html @The paper used in this book meets the minimum requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (111997) (Permanence of Paper). LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA Loughmiller, Campbell. Texas wildflowers: a field guide / Campbell and Lynn Loughmiller.— Rev. ed., Rev. and updated / by Damon Waitt. p. cm. — (Texas natural history guides) Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 978-0-292-71286-7 (cloth: alk. paper) i. Wild flowers—Texas—Identification. i. Loughmiller, Campbell, n. Loughmiller, Lynn. in. Waitt, Damon Edward, 1961- rv. Title, v. Series. QK188.L68 2006 582.i3'o9764—dc22 2005023299 CONTENTS NOTES ON THE REVISED EDITION Damon Waitt xi FOREWORD TO THE FIRST EDITION Lady Bird Johnson xv INTRODUCTION Campbell Loughmiller xix Acanthaceae Acanthus or Wild Petunia Family i Agavaceae Yucca, Century-Plant, or Agave Family 2 Alismataceae Water-Plantain or Arrowhead Family 8 Amaranthaceae Pigweed Family 10 Anacardiaceae Sumac or Cashew Family n Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) Parsley or Carrot Family 12 V Contenta Apocynaceae Dogbane or Oleander Family 16 Araceae Arum or Calla Family 18 Asclepiadaceae Milkweed Family 19 Asteraceae (Compositae) Sunflower or Daisy Family 21 Berberidaceae Barberry Family 57 Bignoniaceae Catalpa Family 59 Boraginaceae Borage or Forget-Me-Not Family 62 Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Mustard Family 64 Cactaceae Cactus Family 66 Campanulaceae Bluebell or Lobelia Family 82 Capparidaceae Caper or Spiderflower Family 84 Caprifoliaceae Honeysuckle Family 86 Caryophyllaceae Pink Family 89 Commelinaceae Dayflower or Spiderwort Family 91 Convolvulaceae Morning-Glory Family 93 Cornaceae Dogwood Family 95 Cucurbitaceae Gourd Family 96 Droseraceae Sundew Family 98 Ericaceae Heath Family 99 Euphorbiaceae Spurge Family 101 vi Contents Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Legume, Pea, or Bean Family 104 Fouquieriaceae Ocotillo or Candlewood Family 124 Fumariaceae Fumitory or Bleeding-Heart Family 125 Gentianaceae Gentian Family 126 Geraniaceae Geranium Family 130 Hippocastanaceae Buckeye Family 131 Hydrophyllaceae Waterleaf Family 132 Iridaceae Iris Family 134 Krameriaceae Rhatany or Krameria Family 137 Lamiaceae (Labiatae) Mint Family 138 Lentibulariaceae Bladderwort or Butterwort Family 144 Liliaceae Lily Family 145 Linaceae Flax Family 154 Loasaceae Stickleaf Family 156 Loganiaceae Logania or Strychnine Family 157 Lythraceae Loosestrife or Crape-Myrtle Family 158 Magnoliaceae Magnolia Family 159 Malvaceae Mallow Family 161 Martyniaceae Unicorn-Plant Family 165 Melastomataceae Meadow-Beauty Family 166 vii Contents Nyctaginaceae Four-0'Clock Family 167 Nymphaeaceae Water-Lily Family 170 Oleaceae Olive Family 171 Onagraceae Evening-Primrose Family 172 Orchidaceae Orchid Family 176 Oxalidaceae Wood-Sorrel Family 180 Papaveraceae Poppy Family 182 Passifloraceae Passionflower Family 185 Phytolaccaceae Pokeweed Family 186 Polemoniaceae Phlox Family 187 Polygalaceae Milkwort Family 191 Polygonaceae Smartweed, Knotweed, or Buckwheat Family 194 Pontederiaceae Pickerelweed Family 196 Portulacaceae Purslane Family 197 Primulaceae Primrose Family 198 Ranunculaceae Buttercup or Crowfoot Family 198 Rosaceae Rose Family 204 Rubiaceae Madder or Coffee Family 206 Sapindaceae Soapberry Family 208 Sarraceniaceae Pitcher-Plant Family 209 Scrophulariaceae Figwort, Snapdragon, or Foxglove Family 211 viii Contenta Solanaceae Pótalo or Nightshade Family 218 Styracaceae Storax Family 221 Theaceae Camellia Family 222 Verbenaceae Vervain Family 222 Violaceae Violet Family 228 Zygophyllaceae Caltrop Family 230 MAP 233 6LOSSARY 235 ILLUSTRATED GLOSSARY 241 BIBLIOGRAPHY 251 GUIDE TO TAXONOMIC UPDATES 253 SCIENTIFIC ÑAME INDEX 257 COMMON ÑAME INDEX 263 JOURNAL 271 IX