Texas Politics PDF
Preview Texas Politics
3333006600__iiffcc__ppttgg0011__hhiirreess..iinndddd 11 2299//1100//1111 44::3322 PPMM Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 3333006600__iiffcc__ppttgg0011__hhiirreess..iinndddd 11 2299//1100//1111 44::3322 PPMM Texas Politics Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 3333006600__ffmm__ppttgg0011__hhrr__ii--xxvv..iinndddd ii 2233//1111//1111 44::1133 PPMM Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 3333006600__ffmm__ppttgg0011__hhrr__ii--xxvv..iinndddd iiii 2233//1111//1111 44::1133 PPMM Contents Texas Politics Twelfth Edition Charldean Newell Regents Professor Emerita of Public Administration University of North Texas David F. Prindle Professor of Government University of Texas at Austin James W. Riddlesperger, Jr. Professor of Political Science Texas Christian University Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 3333006600__ffmm__ppttgg0011__hhrr__ii--xxvv..iinndddd iiiiii 2233//1111//1111 44::1133 PPMM This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions, some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. The publisher reserves the right to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. For valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and alternate formats, please visit www.cengage.com/highered to search by ISBN#, author, title, or keyword for materials in your areas of interest. Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 3333006600__iiffcc__ppttgg0011__hhiirreess..iinndddd 11 2299//1100//1111 44::3322 PPMM Texas Politics, Twelfth Edition © 2013, 2011, 2009, 2005 Wadsworth, Cengage Learning Charldean Newell, David F. Prindle, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright James W. 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Image Permissions Manager: Jennifer Meyer Dare For permission to use material from this text or product, submit all requests online at www.cengage.com/permissions. Production Service/Compositor: Integra Further permissions questions can be e-mailed to Software Services Pvt. Ltd. [email protected]. Cover Designer: Hannah Wellman Cover Image: Texas Department of Library of Congress Control Number: 2011940463 Transportation ISBN-13: 978-1-111-83306-0 ISBN-10: 1-111-83306-0 Wadsworth 20 Channel Center Street Boston, MA 02210 USA Cengage Learning is a leading provider of customized learning solutions with offi ce locations around the globe, including Singapore, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Brazil, and Japan. Locate your local offi ce at international.cengage.com/region. Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, Ltd. For your course and learning solutions, visit www.cengage.com. Purchase any of our products at your local college store or at our preferred online store www.ichapters.com. Printed in Canada 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 14 13 12 11 10 Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 3333006600__ffmm__ppttgg0011__hhrr__ii--xxvv..iinndddd iivv 2233//1111//1111 44::1133 PPMM Contents Preface x About the Authors xv CHAPTER 1 The Context of Texas Politics 2 Introduction 3 ■ Texas History: A Chronology 4 The Earliest Days 4 • Anglo- American Colonization 4 • Revolution 6 • Early Statehood 7 • Post–Civil War Texas 8 • The Late Nineteenth Century 9 • The Early Twentieth Century 11 • Wars and Depression 12 • Post–World War II Texas 15 • Gradual Political Change 15 • Late-Twentieth-Century Texas 16 • Modern Times 18 ■ Texas as a Democracy 19 ■ Texas and American Federalism 21 ■ Texas in the International Arena 23 ■ The Texas Political Culture 26 ■ Economy, Taxes, and Services 30 ■ The People of Texas 33 The Census 33 • The Political Relevance of Population 34 ■ The Plan of This Book 35 ■ Summary 35 ■ Glossary Terms 36 CHAPTER 2 The Constitutional Setting 38 Introduction 39 ■ Purposes of Constitutions 40 Legitimacy 40 • Organizing Government 41 • Providing Power 41 • Limiting Governmental Power 42 ■ Texas Constitutions 42 ■ The Present Texas Constitution 45 ■ General Features 46 • Specific Features 47 ■ Constitutional Revision 55 Overview of the Need for Reform 55 • Recent Reform Efforts 57 ■ Constitutional Politics 61 Something for Everyone 61 • The Political Process 62 ■ Summary 65 ■ Glossary Terms 66 CHAPTER 3 Interest Groups 68 Introduction 69 ■ Interest Groups 70 Defi nition 70 • Classifi cation 70 • Interest Groups in the Political Process 71 ■ Lobbying 82 Who Are the Lobbyists? 82 • What Lobbyists Do and How Th ey Do It 85 • Regulation of Lobbying 87 ■ Major Interest Groups in Texas 89 Texans for Lawsuit Reform 89 • Doctors 91 • Lawyers 93 • Th e Christian Right 94 • Organized Labor 97 • League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) 98 • Teachers 100 ■ Conclusion 102 ■ Summary 102 ■ Glossary Terms 102 CONTENTS v Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 3333006600__ffmm__ppttgg0011__hhrr__ii--xxvv..iinndddd vv 2233//1111//1111 44::1133 PPMM Preface CHAPTER 4 Political Parties 104 Introduction 105 ■ Ideology 106 Conservatism 106 • Liberalism 106 • Ideology in Texas 107 ■ Political Socialization 109 Family 109 • Schools and Churches 109 • Media 111 • Evaluation 113 ■ Interests 113 ■ Texas Political Parties: A Brief History 114 ■ Functions of Political Parties 119 ■ Party Organization 119 Th e Temporary Party Organization 120 • Permanent Party Organization 124 • Th e (Un)Importance of Party Organization 125 ■ Two Parties, Three Factions (or Perhaps Four) 127 Republicans 127 • Conservative Democrats 129 • Liberal Democrats 130 • Th e Uncertain Future of the Democratic Party 131 ■ Third Parties in Texas 132 ■ Summary 135 ■ Glossary Terms 135 CHAPTER 5 Voting, Campaigns, and Elections 136 Introduction 137 ■ Voting 138 Why Vote? 138 • Suff rage 139 • Registration 140 ■ Texas Turnout 142 Government by the People? 142 • Why Don’t Texans Vote? 143 • Th e Consequences of Nonvoting 144 ■ Election Campaigns 146 Campaign Resources 146 • Negative Campaigning 153 ■ Public Elections 155 Primary Elections 155 • General Elections 157 • Special Elections 158 • Absentee or Early Voting 158 ■ Recent Elections in Texas 159 Elections of 1994 through 2004 159 • Election of 2006 161 • Election of 2008 162 • Election of 2010 163 ■ Conclusion 164 ■ Summary 165 ■ Glossary Terms 165 CHAPTER 6 The Texas Legislature 166 Introduction 167 ■ Functions of Legislative Bodies 168 ■ Structure of the Legislature 168 Size, Elections, and Terms 169 • Sessions 170 • Legislative Districts 171 • Party and Factional Organization 174 • Compensation 177 ■ Membership Characteristics 178 Formal Qualifi cations 178 • Personal Characteristics 178 • Experience and Turnover 181 ■ Legislative Offi cers and Committees 182 Presiding Offi cers 182 • Legislative Committees 184 • Legislative Staff 187 ■ Powers of the Presiding Offi cers 189 Procedural Powers 190 • Institutional Powers 196 • Limits on Presiding Offi cers 198 ■ How a Bill Becomes a Law in Texas 201 Step One: Introduction and Referral 203 • Step Two: Committee Action 204 • Step Th ree: Floor Action 204 • In the House: Steps One through Th ree Repeated 205 • Step Four: Conference Committee 205 • Step Five: Th e Governor 206 ■ Legislative Dynamics 207 Handicaps 207 • Changing Alignments 208 • Nonlegislative Lawmaking 209 ■ Evaluation and Suggested Reforms 211 Legislative Structure 211 • Legislative Process 213 ■ Conclusion 219 ■ Summary 219 ■ Glossary Terms 221 vi CONTENTS Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 3333006600__ffmm__ppttgg0011__hhrr__ii--xxvv..iinndddd vvii 2233//1111//1111 44::1133 PPMM CHAPTER 7 The Governor 222 Contents Introduction 223 ■ Basic Structure of the Governor’s Offi ce 224 Election 224 • Term of Offi ce 225 • Tenure 225 • Impeachment and Succession 227 • Compensation 228 • Staff and Organization 228 ■ Qualifi cations for Governor 230 Formal Qualifi cations 230 • Personal Characteristics 231 ■ Roles of the Governor and Limits on Those Roles 235 ■ Formal Roles and Limitations 238 Chief Executive 238 • Chief Legislator 242 • Commander in Chief/ Top Cop 245 • Chief of State 246 • Chief Intergovernmental Diplomat 247 ■ Informal Roles and Limitations 248 Chief of Party 248 • Leader of the People 249 ■ Summary 251 ■ Glossary Terms 252 CHAPTER 8 The Administrative State 254 Introduction 255 ■ State Administrative Agencies 256 Agencies with Elected Executives 258 • Agencies with Appointed Executives 261 • Boards and Commissions 262 ■ Big Government: How Did It Happen? 264 Postwar Growth 265 • 1980 On 266 ■ Characteristics of Bureaucracy 268 Traditional Characteristics 268 • Modern Characteristics 269 ■ Bureaucratic Survival Techniques 272 Sources of Bureaucratic Power 272 • Bureaucratic Involvement in the Policymaking Process 276 ■ What Happens to the Public Interest? 278 Bureaucratic Orientation 278 • Overstepping the Law 279 ■ Harnessing the Administrative State 280 How Much Accountability to the Chief Executive? 280 • How Much Accountability to the Legislature? 281 • How Much Accountability to the Public? 284 • Is Th ere Accountability? 285 ■ Suggested Reforms 286 ■ Summary 287 ■ Glossary Terms 287 CHAPTER 9 The Judiciary 288 Introduction 289 ■ The Myth of the Nonpolitical Judiciary 290 ■ The Players in the System of Justice 292 Th e Attorney General (AG) 292 • Lawyers 293 • Th e State Bar of Texas 294 ■ The Court System 294 Municipal Courts 294 • Justice Courts 296 • County Courts 296 • State Trial Courts: Th e District Courts 297 • Intermediate State Appellate Courts: Th e Courts of Appeals 297 • Highest State Appellate Courts 298 ■ Juries 299 Grand Juries 299 • Trial Juries 300 ■ Police 300 ■ Removal and Reprimand of Lawyers and Judges 300 ■ Issues Facing the Texas Judiciary 301 Too Much Crime, Too Many Criminals 301 • Judicial Selection 303 • Equal Justice? 308 ■ Summary 315 ■ Glossary Terms 316 CONTENTS vii Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 3333006600__ffmm__ppttgg0011__hhrr__ii--xxvv..iinndddd vviiii 2233//1111//1111 44::1133 PPMM
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