Texas Almanac 2014-2015

756 Pages·2013·40.21 MB·English

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Published by
Texas State Historical Association
2 Texas Almanac 2014–2015
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EDITOR
Elizabeth Cruce Alvarez
ASSOCIATE EDITOR
Robert Plocheck
COVER ARTWORK
Scene on the Brazos
by Frank Reaugh, 1893
From the collections of the Texas/Dallas History and
Archives Division, Dallas Public Library.
ISBN (ebooks) 978-1-62511-006-0
ISBN (hardcover) 978-1-62511-004-6
ISBN (flexbound) 978-1-62511-005-3
Library of Congress Control Number: 2013936253
Copyright © 2014
Texas State Historical Association
University of North Texas
1155 Union Circle #311580, Denton, Texas, 76203-5017
[phone]
All rights reserved.
For permissions requests, contact [email protected].
Distributed by Texas A&M University Press Consortium
4354 TAMU, College Station, Texas, 77843-4354
Order hardcover or flexbound editions at [phone] or log on to:
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www.TexasAlmanac.com
THE SOURCE FOR ALL THINGS TEXAN SINCE 1857
PREFACE
A
s I finished editing the Legislative update for this edition of the Texas Almanac, it occurred to me
that 100 years ago, one of my ancestors was serving as Speaker of the House in the 33rd Texas
Legislature. Chester H. Terrell (cid:11)listed with House Speakers, page 479(cid:12) was born in Terrell in 1882
and moved with his family to San Antonio in 1895. He came by his political ambitions naturally; his
father, J.O. Terrell, represented (cid:46)aufman County in the Texas Senate in the 19th and 20th Legislatures
and also ran for governor as a Republican in 1910, losing to Oscar (cid:37). Col(cid:84)uitt.
Chester Terrell met my father(cid:183)s Aunt Gladys (cid:37)entley of Morrilton,
Arkansas, when both attended San Antonio Academy. They were married
in 1904, not long after he received a law degree from the University of
Texas. First elected to the Texas House in 1909 when he was (cid:77)ust 26, he
served two terms before being elected Speaker during his third term in
1913. At 30, he was one of the youngest men to serve as Speaker.
(cid:37)y all accounts, he was a vivacious politician, outspoken and
idealistic. At that time, the Legislature was divided over Prohibition,
and a split in that camp allowed Terrell, who supported local option,
to win the gavel. Although he introduced many bills, the Senate
blocked most of them. His chief accomplishment was passage of the
first ma(cid:77)or act to control water pollution in Texas.
Among my grandmother(cid:183)s keepsakes was a photograph of Chester
Terrell, right, and a pamphlet written (cid:180)To the (cid:39)emocracy of Texas,(cid:181)
probably in late 1913, announcing his intention to run for governor in
the (cid:39)emocratic primary the following year. One of the most interesting
points in his 13-point pamphlet was the call for inmates in the Chester H. Terrell
state penitentiary to be self-sustaining and (cid:180)work as many hours
Speaker of the Texas
and as diligently as the average man outside.(cid:181) His plans for the
House of Representatives
governorship were thwarted by a mysterious illness that caused him
1913, 33rd Legislature
to give up the race in March 1914.
His only other foray into politics was in 1916, when he wrote a public letter to then-Speaker Franklin
O. Fuller encouraging him to call a special session to consider impeaching Gov. James (cid:40). Ferguson.
Some accounts say Terrell(cid:183)s letter ruined any chance of his return to politics; others say he took an active
part in the impeachment proceedings against Ferguson, even giving a speech in (cid:39)allas advocating the
step. (cid:40)ither way, Franklin did call the special session and Ferguson was impeached.
(cid:39)espite the letter, Terrell(cid:183)s illness progressed and on Sept. 13, 1920, he died at age 38 in his San
Antonio home, a little over one year before my father was born. My grandmother, living in Arkansas,
received news of his death from her eldest sister the way so many people did in those days: by telegram.
There was no explanation, (cid:77)ust the facts, and no cause of death was ever determined. In those days,
people didn(cid:183)t always know; he (cid:77)ust got sick and died. My Great-Aunt Gladys and their three daughters
eventually moved to California, where she remained Mrs. Chester Terrell until her death in 1981.
Although my father had some sketchy facts on Chester Terrell(cid:183)s life, a photograph, and a political
pamphlet, I first found information about his years in the
House in the Texas Almanac Archive: www.TexasAlmanac.
com/archive. Then I turned to a biography in the Texas
State Historical Association(cid:183)s Handbook of Texas Online
to fill in other gaps. That resource, with its thousands of
articles is a wonderful research tool and a great companion
to information in the Almanac. The (cid:37)riscoe Center for
American History and newspaper archives added to my
research, as well.
We hope Texas Almanac readers will continue their
research and reading at the Almanac(cid:183)s website at www.
TexasAlmanac.com, which includes a Searchable Texas
Town (cid:39)atabase,© County and Town data pages, articles
Lamberto Alvarez photo from past Almanacs, and a link to the Archive. Lastly, thank
Elizabeth Cruce Alvarez you to all who have purchased this edition. We appreciate
Editor, 2013 you and hope you en(cid:77)oy the Texas Almanac 2014–2015.
6 Texas Almanac 2014–2015
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8 Texas Almanac 2014–2015
TSHA Research Tools Illuminate Family’s Past
For those of you who may not be familiar Reminiscences of Captain Jesse (cid:37)urnham.(cid:181)
with the Texas State Historical Association (cid:37)ecause all of the (cid:52)uarterly articles are now
and what it does, and why you should support online and searchable, I located this article and
it, I will tell you a revealing story. read, (cid:180)I was born in (cid:46)entucky, Madison county,
Immediately after I received an invitation to September 15th, 1792, being the youngest
attend the (cid:37)urnham Family reunion in Holman, son of seven. My father died when I was (cid:84)uite
Texas, I opened the Texas Almanac 2012–2013 young, and my mother moved to Tennessee
that sits on my desk to find out where it is. in my sixteenth year, and settled in Red Fork
Looking at the detailed county maps, I (cid:84)uickly County, near Shelbyville. We were very poor.(cid:181)
realized that Holman is in the (cid:180)sweet spot(cid:181) At that point I was hooked. I continued
of Texas and that it might afford a chance to reading about Jesse (cid:37)urnham(cid:183)s fascinating life
promote the Association to some avid Texas in his own words and gained an understanding
history lovers. of why this family is so proud of its heritage.
Second, I looked up (cid:37)urnham on the We are glad to add the Texas Almanac to the
Handbook of Texas Online. This simple resources of the Association that enable all
search found more than twenty articles in the those interested in Texas to have immediate
Handbook that mentioned the (cid:37)urnhams. access to reliable information about our state.
One source cited for the Handbook article (cid:46)ent Calder
on Jesse (cid:37)urnham was a Southwestern (cid:40)xecutive (cid:39)irector
Historical Quarterly article from 1901: (cid:180)The Texas State Historical Association
TSHA Board of Directors
OFFICERS
Gregg Cantrell President Watson C. Arnold Past President
Fort Worth Fort Worth (2012)
John L. Nau III First Vice President Merline Pitre Past President
Houston Houston (2011)
Lynn Denton Second Vice President Eddie Weller Secretary
Austin Houston (2013–2014)
BOARD MEMBERS
Mary Margaret McAllen Amberson Richard B. McCaslin
San Antonio (2013–2016) Denton (2011–2014)
Jane Cook Barnhill John Miller Morris Jr.
Brenham (2012–2015) Austin (2013–2016)
Carlos Blanton Rebecca Sharpless
College Station (2013–2016) Fort Worth (2013–2016)
Jessica Brannon-Wranosky Jean A. Stuntz
McKinney (2013–2015) Canyon (2013–2016)
James H. Clement Jr. Emilio Zamora
Dallas (2012–2015) Austin (2012–2015)
Stephen C. Cook J.P. Bryan
Houston (2011–2014) Houston Honorary Life Member
W. Marvin Dulaney Walter L. Buenger
Arlington (2013–2016) College Station Honorary Life Member
Jeffrey Dunn John W. Crain
Dallas (2010–2013) Dallas Honorary Life Member
David A. Gravelle
Dallas (2011–2014)
Albert (Boo) Hausser Kent Calder Executive Director
San Antonio (2011–2014) Denton (ex officio)
Kay Bailey Hutchison Randolph (Mike) Campbell Chief Historian
Dallas (2012–2015) Denton (ex officio)
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10 Texas Almanac 2014–2015
TABLE OF CONT ENTS
TEXAS STATE HISTORICAL National Parks, Historical Sites,
Recreation Areas . . . . . . . . . . .193
ASSOCIATION . . . . . . . 8
Recreation in National Forests . . . . . .195
INDEX OF TABLES & MAPS . . 12
Recreation on the National Grasslands .196
STATE PROFILE . . . . . . . . . 15 National Natural Landmarks in Texas. . .197
STATE FLAGS & SYMBOLS . . . 18 Sea Center Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . .198
Texas State Aquarium . . . . . . . . . .198
HISTORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Recreational Fishing . . . . . . . . . . .199
Licenses & Game Harvests. . . . . . . .201
Texas Art and Artists . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Birding in Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . .202
Historic Ranches of Texas . . . . . . . . 34
Fairs, Festivals, and Special Events . . .204
A Brief Sketch of Texas History. . . . . . 46
Prehistory to Annexation . . . . . . . 46 SPORTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Annexation to 1980 . . . . . . . . . . 59
High School Championships
ENVIRONMENT . . . . . . . . . 77 Football . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210
Boys and Girls Soccer. . . . . . . . .211
The Physical State of Texas . . . . . . . 78
Girls Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . .212
Physical Regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Boys Basketball . . . . . . . . . . . .213
Geology of Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Boys Baseball . . . . . . . . . . . . .213
Soils of Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Girls Volleyball. . . . . . . . . . . . .214
Water Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Girls Softball. . . . . . . . . . . . . .214
Major Aquifers of Texas . . . . . . . . 94
Texas College Sports
Major Rivers of Texas . . . . . . . . . 97
Division I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215
Secondary Streams of Texas . . . . .102
College Football Bowl Games. . . . .219
Artificial Lakes and Reservoirs . . . .107
Division II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .220
Plant Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114
National Forests and Grasslands. . . . .118 Major Professional Sports . . . . . . . .221
State Forests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119 Major League Baseball in Texas . . . . .223
Forest Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . .120 Texas Sports Hall of Fame . . . . . . . .226
Texas Wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125 Texas Olympic Medalists . . . . . . . . .227
Threatened and Endangered Species . .130
COUNTIES OF TEXAS. . . . . 231
National Wildlife Refuges. . . . . . . . .131
254 Maps and County Profiles . . . . . .233
Wildlife Management Areas . . . . . . .134
POPULATION. . . . . . . . . . 414
WEATHER . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Recent Population Growth . . . . . . . .415
Weather Highlights 2011 . . . . . . . . .138
Cities and Towns (tabbed section) . . . .418
Monthly Summaries 2011 . . . . . . . .138
Weather Highlights 2012 . . . . . . . . .141 ELECTIONS. . . . . . . . . . . 445
Monthly Summaries 2012 . . . . . . . .142
2012 Election Results for President,
Texas Is Tornado Capital . . . . . . . . .145
Senate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .446
Texas Droughts, 1892–2012 . . . . . . .147
General Election, 2012 . . . . . . . . . .451
Destructive Weather . . . . . . . . . . .148
Primary Elections, 2012 . . . . . . . . .455
Weather Records by County . . . . . . .156
Political Party Organizations . . . . . . .457
2012 Senatorial Runoffs . . . . . . . . .460
ASTRONOMICAL CALENDAR 164
Seasons, Morning & Evening Stars, GOVERNMENT. . . . . . . . . 465
Major Meteor Showers, Eclipses . . .165 Update from the 83rd Legislature . . . . . .466
Calendar for 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . .167
Declaration of Independence of the
Calendar for 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . .171
Republic of Texas . . . . . . . . . . .468
206-Year Calendar . . . . . . . . . . . .175
Documents Concerning the Annexation
of Texas to the United States . . . . .470
RECREATION . . . . . . . . . .177
Constitution of Texas, Amendments
Texas State Parks & Historic Sites . . . .178 2011 and 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . .471
Recreation in State Forests. . . . . . . .192 Texas’ Chief Government Officials . . . .473