Test and Evaluation of Aircraft Avionics and Weapons Systems

824 Pages·2010·28.16 MB·English

by  Robert E. McShea

McShea-7200004 McShea˙7200004˙fm ISBN:9781891121906 February15,2010 8:6 i
Test and Evaluation of Aircraft
Avionics and Weapon Systems
i
McShea-7200004 McShea˙7200004˙fm ISBN:9781891121906 February15,2010 8:6 ii
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Test and Evaluation of Aircraft
Avionics and Weapon Systems
Robert E. McShea
National Test Pilot School
iii
McShea-7200004 McShea˙7200004˙fm ISBN:9781891121906 February23,2010 14:47 iv
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ISBN:978-1-891121-90-6
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
McShea,RobertE.
Testandevaluationofaircraftavionicsandweaponsystems/RobertE.McShea.
p.cm.
ISBN978-1-891121-90-6(SciTeched.:hardcover:alk.paper)—ISBN
978-1-60086-760-6(AIAAed.:hardcover:alk.paper)
1.Avionics—Testing. 2.Airplanes,Military—Armament—Testing.I.
Title.
TL695.M3232010
623.74’6049–dc22 2010003442
i
McShea-7200004 McShea˙7200004˙fm ISBN:9781891121906 February15,2010 8:6 v
This Book is Dedicated to
Marlenni Belinni
Friends till the end
McShea-7200004 McShea˙7200004˙fm ISBN:9781891121906 February15,2010 8:6 vi
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Contents
Preface xiii
ListofAcronyms xvi
1 What Is Avionics Flight Test and Why Do
We Need It 1
1.0 AvionicsFlightTest 1
1.1 HistoricalBackground 2
1.2 FlightTestOrganization 4
1.3 FlightTestObjectives 5
1.4 TheNeedforFlightTest 6
1.5 ClassifyingtheProgram 7
1.6 ContractualRequirements 9
1.7 TestTeamComposition 11
1.8 TeamMemberResponsibilities 13
1.9 UnderstandingTerms 15
1.10 ContractorandSubtierSpecifications 20
1.11 CustomerExpectations 21
1.12 FormulatingtheProgram 22
1.13 Summary 25
1.14 SelectedQuestionsforChapter1 25
2 Time, Space, Position Information 27
2.0 AnOverviewofTime,Space,PositionInformation 27
2.1 SourcesofTSPI 28
2.2 Ground-BasedTrackingRadar 28
2.3 RadarCharacteristics 30
2.4 RadarAccuracies 33
2.5 GeometricDilutionofPrecision 36
2.6 EarthModels 37
2.7 Theodolites 39
2.8 TheodoliteLimitations 42
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viii Contents
2.9 GlobalPositioningSystem 42
2.10 Stand-AloneGPSReceivers 42
2.11 Inertial-AidedGPSReceivers 44
2.12 DifferentiallyCorrectedGPSs 46
2.13 SensorFusion 46
2.14 Ranges 47
2.15 RangeAssets 47
2.16 UniqueServices 48
2.17 InterfacingwiththeRange 49
2.18 TimeAlignment 51
2.19 Summary 53
2.20 Exercises 53
2.21 AnswerstoExercises 53
2.22 SelectedQuestionsforChapter2 56
3 MIL-STD-1553 and Digital Data Busses: Data Reduction
and Analysis 59
3.0 Overview 59
3.1 HistoricalBackground 60
3.2 1553SystemArchitecture 60
3.3 ABitAboutBits 63
3.4 1553WordTypes 65
3.5 DataEncoding 65
3.6 WordFormats 66
3.7 CommandWords 66
3.8 AnomalousCommandWordConditions 68
3.9 CommandWordSummary 69
3.10 StatusWords 69
3.11 DataWords 71
3.12 MessageContents 73
3.13 BusControllerDesign 74
3.14 SampleBusConfigurations 75
3.15 TheFlightTester’sTask 77
3.16 MIL-STD-1553Summary 79
3.17 OtherDataBusses 80
3.18 PotentialProblemsfortheAnalyst 119
3.19 DataAcquisition,Reduction,andAnalysis 121
3.20 SelectedQuestionsforChapter3 133
McShea-7200004 McShea˙7200004˙fm ISBN:9781891121906 February15,2010 8:6 ix
Contents ix
4 Communications Flight Test 135
4.0 Overview 135
4.1 CommunicationsBasics 136
4.2 AircraftCommunicationsEquipment 138
4.3 TestRequirements 140
4.4 TheThreeStepsinAvionicsTesting 140
4.5 CommunicationsTestPlanMatrix 141
4.6 ExecutingtheMatrix 144
4.7 OtherConsiderationsinCommunicationsTests 144
4.8 EffectsofStores,LandingGear,andFlaps 145
4.9 EffectsofWeather 145
4.10 Logistics 145
4.11 Boredom 147
4.12 SpeechIntelligibility 147
4.13 ElectromagneticInterference/ElectromagneticCompatibility 149
4.14 EMI/EMCTesting 152
4.15 EMI/EMCTestIssues 156
4.16 EMI/EMCElimination 156
4.17 SelectedQuestionsforChapter4 159
5 Navigation Systems 161
5.0 Introduction 161
5.1 History 162
5.2 BasicNavigation 162
5.3 RadioAidstoNavigation 169
5.4 RadioAidstoNavigationTesting 179
5.5 InertialNavigationSystems 186
5.6 DopplerNavigationSystems 203
5.7 GlobalPositioningSystem 209
5.8 IdentificationFriendorFoe 228
5.9 DataLinks 231
5.10 Long-RangeNavigation 252
5.11 SelectedQuestionsforChapter5 256
6 Part 23/25 Avionics Civil Certifications 263
6.0 Introduction 263
6.1 FAATypeCertificationHistory 264