Terrorism, Democracy, and Human Security: A Communication Model

353 Pages·2021·7.133 MB·English

by  Ronald Crelinsten

‘An expansive and thought-provoking deep dive into the essential significance of
terrorism and counterterrorism as messengers for larger social, geo-political, and
global issues. Crelinsten bores through surface assertions about politically and
socially motivated cycles of violence and argues convincingly in favor of good
governance, global awareness, and multi-faceted approaches to human security.
The book maps out a vision for the future in which a fuller understanding of the
complexnature ofviolence andresponsestoitcanbuild amorestable,resourceful,
and secure future.’
– Karen J. Greenberg, Fordham University, USA
‘This is a timely and powerful book – a must-read. Crelinsten provides an
innovative and nuanced approach to understanding and responding to terrorism
and counterterrorism in an increasingly complex and globalized world. The
book’s breadth, scope, and compelling arguments will provoke both thought
and emotion, encouraging new and effective ways to respond to an enduring
issue. This impressive book is at the vanguard of scholarship on terrorism and
counter-terrorism.’
– Myriam Denov, McGill University, Canada
‘Ron Crelinsten is a master at explaining the context of terrorism and social con-
trol. He artfully shows that how we talk and communicate about terrorism reflects
dominant assumptions about social order and politicalinfluence. This book works!’
– David Altheide, Arizona State University, USA
‘Once more Ronald Crelinsten clearly lays out that terrorism needs to be under-
stood in a multispectral manner. With this new book, he enables the reader to
better understand the interdependence between terrorism and economic, social,
cultural, and political life, specifically within a communication context. The fra-
meworkdevelopedoverthecourseofthebookgivesanexcellent example ofhow
to avoid thinking about terrorism only in selective ways. Based on nearly half a
century of research in the field and as one of the foremost scholars in it, Ronald
Crelinsten furthermore underlines his model with a number of historic examples,
which others might have already forgotten in today’s fast world. A very recom-
mended read – not only for those “combatting” terrorism – to widen the scope
and be able to address other important factors which influence the use of violence
in social and political life.’
– LTC Alex Brand, (former) NATO Centre of Excellence, Defence
Against Terrorism Concept & Policy Branch Head
‘If you are interested in understanding the dilemmas of liberal democracies in the
face of terrorism, this book will offer you the most comprehensive account. For
over four decades, Professor Ronald Crelinsten has led the academic research on
counter-terrorism. Terrorism, Democracy, and Human Security: ACommunicationModel
isatourdeforce thatbrings together Professor Crelinsten’sentirebodyofworkand
offers new insights into one of the most complex and persistent issues on the global
agenda. This brilliant book is a must-read.’
– Ami Pedahzur, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
‘Terrorism, Democracy, and Human Security provides a ground-breaking new frame-
work for understanding terrorism’s relationship to counterterrorism across a range
of policyareas,nationally and internationally. Combiningconceptual sophistication
with an encyclopaedic knowledge of contemporary and historical examples, the
book catapults its readers into the complex, fascinating world of political violence
with all of its blurry lines and grey zones. Drawing on decades of research exper-
tise, Ronald Crelinsten again shows why he is widely recognised as one of the
world’s leading experts on terrorism and counterterrorism. The book will be
essential reading for years to come.’
– Lee Jarvis, University of East Anglia, UK
TERRORISM, DEMOCRACY, AND
HUMAN SECURITY
This book examines the relationship between terrorism and counterterrorism and
howitoperateswithinthebroadercontextofcommunication,control,power,and
democratic governance at the national, international, and transnational level.
A culmination of decades of research on the challenges that liberal democracies
face in dealing with terrorism, this work provides an innovative framework that
maps out the broader context inwhich terrorism and counterterrorism interact and
co-evolve – the terrorism–counterterrorism nexus. In a series of models moving
from local to global perspectives, the framework places this nexus within the
broader context of social, cultural, political, and economic life. This framework
provides a tool for maintaining situational awareness in a multi-tiered, networked
world where geography and history are splintering into a rainbow of perspectives
and locales, revealing the contested nature of space and time themselves.
This book will be of much interest to students of political violence, terrorism
studies, communication studies, and international relations, as well as security
professionals.
Ronald Crelinsten is an Associate Fellow at the University of Victoria, Canada,
and was Professor of Criminology at the University of Ottawa for over 20 years.
POLITICAL VIOLENCE
Series Editor: John G. Horgan, Georgia State University, USA
Founding Editor: David Rapoport
This book series contains sober, thoughtful and authoritative academic accounts of
terrorism and political violence. Its aim is to produce a useful taxonomy of terror
and violence through comparative and historical analysis in both national and
international spheres. Each book discusses origins, organisational dynamics and
outcomes of particular forms and expressions of political violence.
Apocalypse, Revolution and Terrorism
From the Sicari to the American Revolt against the Modern World
Jeffrey Kaplan
Understanding Terrorism and Political Violence
The Life Cycle of Birth, Growth, Transformation, and Demise
Dipak K. Gupta
Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism
Designing and Evaluating Evidence-Based Programs
Michael J. Williams
Prosecuting Political Violence
Collaborative Research and Method
Edited by Michael Loadenthal
Terrorism, Democracy, and Human Security
A Communication Model
Ronald Crelinsten
For more information about this series, please visit: https://www.routledge.com/
Political-Violence/book-series/SE0196
TERRORISM,
DEMOCRACY, AND
HUMAN SECURITY
A Communication Model
Ronald Crelinsten
Firstpublished2021
byRoutledge
2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,OxonOX144RN
andbyRoutledge
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RoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness
©2021RonaldCrelinsten
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assertedbyhiminaccordancewithsections77and78oftheCopyright,Designs
andPatentsAct1988.
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utilisedinanyformorbyanyelectronic,mechanical,orothermeans,now
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infringe.
BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Names:Crelinsten,RonaldD.,author.
Title:Terrorism,democracy,andhumansecurity:acommunicationmodel/
RonaldCrelinsten.
Description:Abingdon,Oxon;NewYork,NY:Routledge,2021.|
Series:Politicalviolence|Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
Identifiers:LCCN2020042569(print)|LCCN2020042570(ebook)|
ISBN9780367860899(hardback)|ISBN9780367860875(paperback)|
ISBN9781003016816(ebook)
Subjects:LCSH:Terrorism.|Terrorism--Prevention.|Democracy.|
Humansecurity.
Classification:LCCHV6431.C7432021(print)|LCCHV6431(ebook)|
DDC363.325–dc23
LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2020042569
LCebookrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2020042570
ISBN:978-0-367-86089-9(hbk)
ISBN:978-0-367-86087-5(pbk)
ISBN:978-1-003-01681-6(ebk)
TypesetinBembo
byTaylor&FrancisBooks
CONTENTS
List of figures ix
Preface and Acknowledgments xv
Abbreviations xviii
Introduction 1
PARTI
A conceptual framework for studying terrorism and
counterterrorism: Communication between controller
and controlled 17
1 The terrorism–counterterrorism nexus 19
2 Placing the terrorism–counterterrorism nexus in context 53
PARTII
Mapping blurry boundaries: Grey zones and democratic
governance 81
3 Territory, environment, resources, population: Zone A 83
4 Markets, profits, welfare, civics: Zone B 103
5 Society, administration, protest, policy: Zone C 120
6 Policing, intelligence, extremism, violence: Zone D 142
viii Contents
7 Crime, terrorism, revolution, war: Zone E 167
8 Sovereignty, independence, nationalism, globalism: Zone F 189
9 When controlled becomes controller: The question of regime
type 212
PARTIII
Mapping complexity beyond the state: Grey zones and
global governance 231
10 State actors in the international system: International, bilateral,
multilateral, and transgovernmental relations 233
11 Nonstate actors from different states: Multinational (corporate),
transnational, and global civil societal relations 253
12 Transnational relations between state actors and nonstate actors
from different states: Security in a multi-centric world 275
Conclusion: A unified field theory of terrorism, democracy, and
human security across geography, history, space, and time 296
Index 312
FIGURES
1.1 Terrorism as communication: a triangular relationship between
the terrorist and distinct target groups. Revised and reprinted
from the original with permission from Rowman & Littlefield
Publishing Group, Inc. 28
1.2 The non-triangular or bilateral relationship between
perpetrator and victim typical of extortionate acts.
Reconfigured and reprinted from the original with permission
from Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 29
2.1 The mirror relationship between controller and controlled,
including the symmetrical relationship between grey zones
which separate the criminal justice model from the war model. 58
2.2 The mirror relationship between controller and controlled,
including nonviolent forms of control and protest and the
symmetrical grey zones which separate them from violent
forms. 59
2.3 The mirror relationship between controller and controlled,
including nonpolitical forms of control and deviance and the
symmetrical grey zones which separate them from political
forms. 61
2.4 The mirror relationship between controller and controlled,
including economic forms of activity and the symmetrical grey
zones which separate them from social forms. 62
2.5 The mirror relationship between controller and controlled,
including territorial forms of activity and the symmetrical grey
zones which separate them from economic forms. 65