Terrorism and Organized Hate Crime: Intelligence Gathering, Analysis and Investigations, Fourth Edition PDF
Preview Terrorism and Organized Hate Crime: Intelligence Gathering, Analysis and Investigations, Fourth Edition
Fourth Edition TERRORISM AND ORGANIZED HATE CRIME Intelligence Gathering, Analysis, and Investigations Fourth Edition TERRORISM AND ORGANIZED HATE CRIME Intelligence Gathering, Analysis, and Investigations Michael R. Ronczkowski CRCPress Taylor&FrancisGroup 6000BrokenSoundParkwayNW,Suite300 BocaRaton,FL33487-2742 ©2018byTaylor&FrancisGroup,LLC CRCPressisanimprintofTaylor&FrancisGroup,anInformabusiness NoclaimtooriginalU.S.Governmentworks Printedonacid-freepaper InternationalStandardBookNumber-13:978-1-138-70346-9(Hardback) Thisbookcontainsinformationobtainedfromauthenticandhighlyregardedsources.Reasonableeffortshavebeenmade topublishreliabledataandinformation,buttheauthorandpublishercannotassumeresponsibilityforthevalidityofall materialsortheconsequencesoftheiruse.Theauthorsandpublishershaveattemptedtotracethecopyrightholdersofall materialreproducedinthispublicationandapologizetocopyrightholdersifpermissiontopublishinthisformhasnot beenobtained.Ifanycopyrightmaterialhasnotbeenacknowledgedpleasewriteandletusknowsowemayrectifyinany futurereprint. 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Title:Terrorismandorganizedhatecrime:intelligencegathering,analysis, andinvestigations/byMichaelR.Ronczkowski. Description:Fourthedition.|BocaRaton:CRCPress,[2018]|Includes bibliographicalreferencesandindex. Identifiers:LCCN2017011394|ISBN9781138703469(hardback:alk.paper)| ISBN9781315203133(ebook) Subjects:LCSH:Hatecrimeinvestigation--UnitedStates.|Hatecrime investigation.|Terrorism--UnitedStates--Prevention.| Terrorism--Prevention. Classification:LCCHV8079.H38R662018|DDC363.25/95--dc23 LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2017011394 VisittheTaylor&FrancisWebsiteat http://www.taylorandfrancis.com andtheCRCPressWebsiteat http://www.crcpress.com Dedication For my family, and all the hardworking men and women in law enforcement, both sworn and nonsworn, and the armed forces who make sacrifices every day in honor of their country. Keep up the fight! Contents ForewordtotheFirstEdition...........................................................................................................xv ForewordtotheThirdEdition.......................................................................................................xvii Preface.............................................................................................................................................xxi Acknowledgments.........................................................................................................................xxiii Author............................................................................................................................................xxv Introduction..................................................................................................................................xxvii Chapter1 ANeedforUnderstandingandAnalysis.....................................................................1 TheMission.................................................................................................................2 IntelligenceAnalysisUnits..........................................................................................3 DefiningAnalyticalPositionsandRoles.....................................................................4 IntelligenceDisciplines................................................................................................5 WhatIsHomelandSecurityandTerrorismAnalysis?.................................................7 UnderstandingWhatNeedstoBeAnalyzed...........................................................7 KeystoAnalysis..........................................................................................................8 Deterrence,Prevention,Arrest,andTargetHardening..............................................10 Deterrence..............................................................................................................10 Prevention..............................................................................................................10 Arrest......................................................................................................................11 TargetHardening...................................................................................................11 ChapterConcepts.......................................................................................................12 References..................................................................................................................12 Chapter2 UnderstandingandDefiningTerrorism.....................................................................15 DefiningTerrorism.....................................................................................................15 DefiningTerroristActivity........................................................................................16 FormsofTerrorism....................................................................................................17 PoliticalTerrorism..................................................................................................18 EcologicalTerrorism..............................................................................................19 AgriculturalTerrorism...........................................................................................19 Narco-Terrorism.....................................................................................................19 BiologicalTerrorism..............................................................................................19 Cyberterrorism.......................................................................................................20 HistoryandRootsofModernTerrorism...................................................................20 TheEvolutionofDomesticTerrorism.......................................................................21 DomesticTerrorism...................................................................................................25 OrganizedHateGroupsandCrimes..........................................................................27 RoleofOrganizedHateGroupsinDomesticTerrorism.......................................28 WhatIsaTerrorist?...................................................................................................33 TerroristversusStreetCriminal.............................................................................34 DifferencesbetweenTypicalStreetCriminalsandTerrorists..........................34 September11,2001:AretheSubjectsCriminalsorTerrorists?......................35 UnderstandingtheReligiousConnection..................................................................36 IslamicExtremism.....................................................................................................36 IslamicSects..............................................................................................................37 vii viii Contents Terrorism:StructureandManagement......................................................................38 ChapterConcepts.......................................................................................................41 References..................................................................................................................41 Chapter3 HomelandSecurityandAnalysis...............................................................................43 DefinitionofHomelandSecurity...............................................................................43 HomelandSecurityAdvisorySystem........................................................................44 TheUpdatedHomelandSecurityAdvisorySystem..................................................47 NationalThreatAdvisorySystem..............................................................................49 HomelandSecurityandAnalysis...............................................................................49 TheUnitingandStrengtheningAmericabyProvidingAppropriateTools RequiredtoInterceptandObstructTerrorismAct....................................................50 ImportanceofFinancesinTerroristActivities..........................................................51 HawalaSystem.......................................................................................................52 BenefitsofHawalaSystem...............................................................................53 CharitableContributions—Zakat......................................................................53 DealingwithTerrorism..............................................................................................54 LawEnforcementConcerns...................................................................................55 Coordination,Training,andAwareness................................................................57 ChapterConcepts.......................................................................................................58 References..................................................................................................................59 Chapter4 BehavioralTraitsandSuspiciousActivity.................................................................61 NationalInformationSharingandSuspiciousActivityReporting............................63 WhySuspiciousActivityReporting,andtheRoleofLocalLawEnforcement........64 SuspiciousActivityReportingandtheNationalLandscape......................................66 SuspiciousActivityReportingBehavioralIndicators................................................67 ActionsArousingSuspicion..................................................................................67 PossessionArousingSuspicion..............................................................................68 RetrievingtheSuspiciousActivityReportforAnalysis............................................69 TerrorismInformationNeeds.....................................................................................69 RadicalizationandBehaviors.....................................................................................72 EarlyIndicatorsofTerrorism.....................................................................................73 Would-beWarriors.....................................................................................................75 RelationshipsofPeople,Places,andThings.............................................................76 DataandInformationQuality....................................................................................79 InformationLifeCycle...........................................................................................79 InformationQuality................................................................................................80 ChapterConcepts.......................................................................................................80 References..................................................................................................................81 Chapter5 RadicalizationandRecruitment.................................................................................83 DefiningtheTopicofRadicalization.........................................................................83 FactorsConducivetoRadicalization.........................................................................84 Self-Radicalization.....................................................................................................88 TheCommonalitiesofLoneWolfTerrorism:ASummary.......................................89 Conversion.................................................................................................................90 ProfilesofIndividualRadicalization.........................................................................91 Contents ix CriminalRoots...........................................................................................................92 TheGangConnection................................................................................................93 CausesofExtremism.................................................................................................94 RecruitmentApproaches............................................................................................95 ModelsofRecruitment...........................................................................................96 CategoriesofRecruits............................................................................................97 IndicatorsandElements.........................................................................................98 RecruitingintheDigitalAge.................................................................................99 SocialMedia............................................................................................................103 OnlinePublications,VideoGames,LiveStreaming,and DirectMarketingTactics......................................................................................103 YouthTargeting.......................................................................................................106 PrisonandJailRadicalization..................................................................................106 SharedCharacteristicsandBackgrounds.................................................................109 ReligioninCorrectionalInstitutions........................................................................111 Prislam.....................................................................................................................112 OtherReligionsandTrends.....................................................................................113 RadicalExtremistGroupswithaPresenceinPrisonsandJails..............................115 LegalConcernsandChallenges...............................................................................117 ReligiousFreedomandRestorationAct..............................................................117 TheReligiousLandUseandInstitutionalizedPersonsAct................................118 RequestsforReligiousAccommodationsandLibraries......................................119 IdentifyingtheRadicalVisually..........................................................................120 ReviewofWorldwideResearchStudies..................................................................122 NewYorkPoliceDepartment..............................................................................123 Dutch/Danish.......................................................................................................123 UnitedKingdom...................................................................................................124 Europe..................................................................................................................124 WhatCanBeDonetoPreventRecruitmentandRadicalization.............................125 ChapterConcepts.....................................................................................................127 References................................................................................................................127 Chapter6 GatheringInformation:TheKeytotheProcess......................................................131 IntelligenceGathering..............................................................................................131 RoleoftheFirstResponder.....................................................................................133 CrimesandIncidentsThatMayYieldInformationorLinks..................................135 StolenIdentities....................................................................................................136 FalseIdentification...............................................................................................136 CounterfeitingofGoods.................................................................................136 IllegalTraffickingofCigarettes......................................................................136 Misappropriation.............................................................................................137 CargoCrimes..................................................................................................138 SuspiciousVehicles........................................................................................138 FoundorAbandonedProperty........................................................................139 GatheringLimitationsandRestrictions...............................................................139 GatheringInformationfromTips.........................................................................140 IntelligenceGatheringandInformationInterpretation............................................141 EvaluatingtheInformationUsed.............................................................................145 ChapterConcepts.....................................................................................................146 References................................................................................................................146
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